Spatial Distribution of Integrated Impact Index of Mega-event——A Case Study of Expo '99 Kunming

Taking the affinity between events and media as a conceptualization base, a total of 1032 related news re-ports of Expo '99 Kunming, gathered from the internet data bank of China INFOBANK from 1992 to 2003, are used as data sources. After classifying them with a communication research method-the content analysis, a data bank for SPSS is set up, and a mathematic model called the Integrated Impact Index of Expo '99 Kunming is constituted. With the model, the spatial distribution of the total integrated impacts of Expo '99 Kunming on the regions or cities with different regional scales is analysed quantitatively. The conclusions are: 1) the Expo '99 Kunming made obvious integrated impacts on the regions or cities of every scale, especially in the venue city and the region-Kunming City and Yunnan Province; 2) it had corresponding impacts on other provinces; 3) the spatial distribution of Integrated Impact Index had a disaggregation with both plane extension and spotted decentralization; and 4) there was a distance decay law in all three scales of regions (Kunming City, Yunnan Province and the whole China), which incarnated the spatial extension law of the integrated impact of a special mega-event.

Impact of Mega-Events on Community Residents

The hosting of mega-events is an important driving force for the development of urban tourism. The recognition and support of local community residents are one of the most important factors in the success of mega-events. The study of the impact of mega-events on community residents is crucial to the success of the events. Taking the thesis Comparative Study on Residents' Perceptions to the Followup Impacts of the 2008 Olympics for example, this paper, from the perspective of the impact of megaevents on community residents, discussed the contribution of this thesis to Beijing and Zhangjiakou, the host city and co-host city for the 2022 Winter Olympics respectively, and the countermeasures that should be taken by event organizers.

The effect of hosting international mega-events on urban haze pollution in China:Based on a quasi-natural experiment

With the rapid economic and social development of China,more and more Chinese cities are hosting important international events.However,the long-term effects of hosting international events on urban haze pollution are rarely discussed in existing literature.Based on the quasi-natural experiment of China hosting the G20 Hangzhou Summit in 2016,this paper applies the synthetic control method (SCM) for the first time to evaluate the impact of the G20 Hangzhou Summit on urban haze pollution in China.Compared with the traditional method,SCM measures the long-term impact of hosting the G20 Summit on haze pollution more scientifically.The results show that hosting the G20 Summit did improve the haze pollution in Hangzhou.The effectiveness and robustness of the above conclusions are objectively confirmed by multi-dimensional tests such as placebo test,permutation test,iterative test and difference-in-differences model.Further mechanism analysis shows that foreign direct investment and technological innovation are important channels for the G20 Summit to curb haze pollution in Hangzhou.At the same time,this paper employs a series of methods to systematically evaluate the impact of the G20 Hangzhou Summit on haze pollution in both time and space dimensions.This paper provides a credible basis and empirical support for the impact of international mega-events on air pollution in China.

MEGA-PRESS序列定量检测在体人脑γ-氨基丁酸浓度

目的在临床GE 1.5 Tesla磁共振扫描仪上,实现MEGA-PRESS序列,并定量检测在体人脑γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)浓度。方法基于乘积算符和相干路径理论,在GE公司的EPIC软件包上将MEGA脉冲加入到PRESS序列中。使用3个分别装有纯肌酸(Cr)、Cr+GABA和纯GABA的模型验证MEGA-PRESS序列从肌酸背景中分离2.9 ppm处GABA的能力。使用上述序列检测4名健康志愿者大脑的GABA频谱,并结合外标准法和jMRUI 4.0软件定量检测GABA浓度。结果 MEGA-PRESS序列能在模型实验中较好地抑制3.0 ppm处的肌酸,提高分离2.9 ppm处GABA的效率,并能在临床实验中检测出健康志愿者大脑GABA的浓度。结论可通过EPIC软件包编程实现MEGA-PRESS序列,结合该序列和定量技术能有效检测在体脑内GABA浓度。

Impact of Tourists'Perceived Value on Behavioral Intention for Mega Events:Analysis of Inbound and Domestic Tourists at Shanghai World Expo

Based on the survey data for 2120 inbound and domestic tourists at the Shanghai World Expo,a structural equation model was constructed for the relationship among tourists' perceived value dimensions,behavioral intention and revisit intention.Additionally,the influence of tourists' perceived value dimensions on the behavioral intention and revisit intention was explored.The results show that the utilitarian value and enjoyment value significantly affect the inbound and domestic tourists' behavioral intention,while the convenience value and aesthetic value have no significant influence.The service value only significantly affects the domestic tourists' behavioral intention,and the aesthetic value only significantly affects the inbound tourists' behavioral intention.The utilitarian value,service value and enjoyment value significantly affect the inbound and domestic tourists' revisit intention,while the convenience value only significantly affects the domestic tourists' revisit intention.The utilitarian value is the primary factor affecting the inbound tourists' behavioral intention and revisit intention,and the perceived price has no significant effect on either inbound or domestic tourists' behavioral intention or revisit intention.The study explores the relationships between tourists' perceived value,behavioral intention and revisit intention,analyzes the divergence and causation,theoretically enriches the research field of tourism geography and behavioral geography,and has great practical significance to the sustainable development of mega events in China,including the further development of the Shanghai World Expo.

The Last 15,000 Years: Climate-Controlled and “Rare-Event”-Triggered/Rise and Fall of Holocene Cultures in the Near/Middle East and in Central Europe—Evidence and Background

Pushed by the results of a preceding publication on the possibly Quaternary Jebel Waqf as Suwwan Meteorite Crater, Jordan [5], where an amazing coincidence of Rapid Climate Changes (RCCs) with Rise and Fall of Neolithic and Bronze Age Cultures became evident for the Near/Middle East, this paper deals with the same subject, however, relating to the complete Holocene period in the same area and, additionally, in Central Europe as well. By application of modern climatic data [6] comprising isotope analysis (δ18O, 14C, 10Be), acid and aerosol events, and greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4) Greenland ice cores as well as other astro-/geophysical and geological parameters, an overwhelming coincidence/relation/interdependence of both natural and cultural evidences becomes obvious throughout the last 15,000 years across the Northern Hemisphere. Apart from solar output and other astrophysical processes, most important climate- and Earth-related parameters are Mega-Volcanism (i.e.Santorini Greece: ~3640 yr cal. B. P.), Impact Events (i.e. during Mesolithic: ~9600 yr cal. B. P), rapid oceanic current change (DO-Events), and Plate Tectonics (possibly Atlantis-Event: ~11,500 yr cal. B.P. = Pleistocene/Holocene boundary). The most essential parameter is a significant temperature change related to more or less restricted latitude realms of the Northern Hemisphere. Thus, glacier advance/retreat controls the mobility of peoples (i.e. Nations' Migration, Teutonic Empires) and the access to ore deposits (Au, Ag, Cu, Sn, Zn, Pb, Fe) located in Alpine Mountain Ranges (i.e. End-Neolithic, Early Bronze Age). Myths like the Gilgamesh Epos and John Apocalypse convincingly reveal realistic contents relating to natural hazards like tsunamis, impact and flooding events. They unmisunderstandably make obvious that Myths may provide valuable contributions, especially to Geosciences. Some of the controlling parameters interrelate with others or present a kind of hierarchy: Mega-Volcanism/impact events à ejecta à wildfires, heat storms à cosmic winter, sint winter à stop of photosynthesis à mass extinction environmental pollution à greenhouse effects. Significant events (21 cases in total) occurred on i.e.

El Nino and anti-El Nino events in 1854-1987

-Using the COADS data set of sea surface temperature in the Equatorial Eastern Pacific, thirty one El Nino events and twenty four anti -El Nino events were identified for the period from 1854 to 1987. The results were compared with those of the other authors. The El Nino events (or anti -El Nino events ) are classified into two groups according to the timing of occrrence of the events: one starts at the first half of a year, another begins at the second half of a year. Both 1982-1983 and 1986-1987 events fall into the second group, which are characterized by the eastward migration of the positive anomaly of the sea surface temperature and the significant increasing of the anomaly in September or October.

Heinrich events recorded in a loess-paleosol sequence from Hexigten,Inner Mongolia

We describe the last glaciation climatic history Marine Isotope Stage(MIS, 2-4) from 66.7 ka to 14.5 ka in Hexigten, northeast Inner Mongolia, North China. The climate of the region experienced frequent and significant fluctuations between dry-cold and less dry-cold during the late MIS4. The climate was generally warm and humid during early MIS3(MIS3 c) and late MIS3(MIS3 a), whereas it was cold and dry in middle MIS3(MIS3 b) and during MIS2. In this study, the cold and dry conditions were correlated with a stronger East Asian winter monsoon and strong dune activity; whereas, warm and humid conditions were related to a stronger East Asian summer monsoon(EASM) and weak dune activity. This study establishes six distinct dry and cold intervals during the last glacial period(66.7-14.5 ka) based on optically stimulated luminescence data, multi-proxies record(magnetic susceptibility, grain size analysis, Rb/Sr, SiO2/TiO2) and chemical index of alteration(CIA). The last glacial period may be correlated with Heinrich events 1 to 6 which were further confirmed by comparison with the Hulu cave stalagmites and Greenland ice core records. It is concluded that the study area was substantially affected by the EASM, as compared with the loess-desert transition zone of the Chinese Loess Plateau, especially in MIS3 c and suggested that the East Asian monsoon played a pivotal role in the last glacial period climate and dune activity.

A Structural Equation Model of Residents' Support for Mega Event

The aim of this article is to develop a structural equation model to assess key factors of residents' support for hosting mega event based on previous literature.The model consisted of five latent constructs and eight path hypotheses.A survey was conducted in Shanghai before 2010 World Expo.It was found that the support for mega events is affected directly and/or indirectly by four determinants factors:perceived benefits,perceived costs,personal benefits and community attachment,and support relies heavily on perceived benefits rather than costs.This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge in an attempt to understand local residents' support for a mega event in different economic and cultural settings.

A Diagnostic Analysis of Winter Atmospheric Circulation during the 1982-1983 ENSO Event

In this paper, the winter atmospheric circulation, the convection along the equator and their variations of 1982 and 1983 are investigated. It is suggested that there was a well organized three dimensional structure of anomalies of the atmospheric circulations during 1982 winter which may be related to the variations of the convection in the equatorial region.

基于改进结构的航空器Event模型碰撞风险分析

为了提高航路容量,科学缩小航空器间隔标准,通过将经典Event模型碰撞盒改进为圆柱体与三棱锥拼接模型,提出了针对航空器在航路飞行阶段对于碰撞风险计算更为精确的改进Event模型。分别从垂向、纵向两个方面入手改进航路碰撞风险公式,并以航路飞行阶段的塞斯纳172,B737-800为算例进行分析。结果表明:改进的Event模型对于小型固定翼飞机的碰撞风险计算结果约为经典Event模型的8.47%,约为椭球体Event模型的33.92%,约为两圆锥体拼接Event模型的50.5%。对于中型客机的碰撞风险计算结果约为经典Event模型的9.36%,约为椭球体Event模型的47.75%,约为两圆锥体拼接Event模型的70.93%。结果表明,论文所提出的改进Event模型有效降低了风险计算冗余,并且相较于以往球体、椭球体、拼接圆锥、拼接棱锥等改进Event模型,精度更高。

奥运后、世博前，共话会展节事与都市旅游--国际旅游学会第二届双年会综述

2008年11月在中国上海召开的国际旅游学会(ITSA)第二届双年会在"奥运后、世博前"的背景下集中探讨了大型会展节事活动对旅游业以及经济、社会、文化等方面的影响,特别是对都市旅游发展的动态影响,对中国、亚洲乃至全世界旅游及会展产业和会展、都市旅游研究产生重要影响。

中国企业赞助国内大型体育赛事的绩效研究--基于事件研究法

基于事件研究法,通过考察企业签约相关赛事赞助协议前后的股票价格是否存在异常收益以及如果存在其影响因素有哪些,研究了中国企业赞助国内大型体育赛事的绩效问题。研究对象为43家中国企业在A股和H股上市的57支股票,范围包括2007—2014年中国已经或即将举办的12次大型体育赛事的71次赞助商及以上级别的赞助。研究发现,中国企业通过赞助大型体育赛事总体上实现了正向绩效;绩效水平随着赛事级别和举办地经济水平提高而提高,随赞助级别提高而下降;总部在赛事举办地的企业绩效较好,赞助活动应当在赛事举办前9个月时开始;赛事举办季节、企业产权属性、主营业务是否为体育行业、累计赞助次数以及同一赛事其它同业赞助企业数量等因素对企业赞助绩效没有显著影响;相对于H股市场,A股市场对企业赞助事件存在短期炒作现象。

全球化语境中城市重大事件的区域关联响应--基于北京奥运会新闻信息流的实证研究

本文分析了全球化语境中城市重大事件在区域中新闻信息方面的空间传播效应。研究中,首先梳理了全球化语境中重大事件的地域新闻传播效应、新闻信息流的空间特征、流的网络分析工具等相关理论,揭示了重大事件在区域新闻信息的网络空间响应机制;其次,在实证部分,以2008年北京奥运会为研究标本,通过主因子分析来模拟测度大陆地区各主要城市对这一重大事件的绝对关联程度和相对关联程度;最后,研究通过逐步回归分析发现,地区经济发展状况、是否举办相关赛事、城市行政等级、是否为境外特定政治势力关注地均成为影响因素,而空间距离已经不再是区域关联响应的主要影响因素,并以此检视了流动空间视角下全球化与本土化的辩证关系。

大型国际体育赛事何以塑造国家认同——基于仪式视角的杭州亚运会个案分析

大型国际体育赛事不仅是运动竞技的比拼,也是构建国家认同的重要场域。大型国际体育赛事具备周期性、重复性、展演性、凝聚性特征,可视为一种独特的仪式性活动。杭州亚运会通过体育赛事仪式的氛围营造与记忆唤醒进行赛前动员,以营造体育赛事仪式的情境氛围,为国家认同建构张本。通过体育赛事仪式空间场馆的建造彰显国家在场,开闭幕式和颁奖仪式的展演塑造国家形象、展现国家实力。通过现代媒介技术的传播拓展体育赛事仪式的时空域限,在体育赛事人物群像刻画和媒介话语的建构传播中提升体育赛事的意义贡献,增进民众的情感共鸣和国家认同。

奥运会作为城市交往的媒介:体育赛事融入生产、生活和生态的巴黎实践

现代奥运会的历史是一部展现全球城市变迁的历史。本文聚焦奥运会为城市赋能的多元价值,以2024年巴黎奥运会筹办为个案,为探讨大型体育赛事对举办城市经济、文化和生态等产生的综合效应提供分析框架。巴黎在奥运会筹办过程中推动体育赛事融入生产、生活和生态,促进城市生产与更新,活跃市民生活与社群发展,助力赛事融入生态与人文遗产保护,展现了奥运会以赛营城、以赛聚人、以赛传承的发展新动向,为奥运助力可沟通城市建设,推动举办城市与奥运共生共荣提供有效路径。

基于HC-TC-LDA的重大事件趋势预测

提出了一种基于海量公开新闻数据的重大事件趋势预测框架.首先,对使用网络爬虫爬取的专题新闻数据进行时间片划分和趋势等级划分等处理;然后,考虑到数据有较大噪声和稀疏性强等特点,提出了一种融合层次聚类、单词贡献度和潜在Dirichlet分布(LDA)主题模型的特征抽取方法,抽取具有表征性的单词为特征,构建特征集合;最后,采用多项式逻辑回归方法构建重大事件趋势预测模型.以朝鲜核活动预测为例,验证了该框架的性能和有效性.

游客及本地居民对重大事件活动旅游期望的实证研究--以2010年上海世博会为例

文章以2010上海世博会为主题,以上海游客及当地居民为调查对象,分析了上海游客与居民对2010年世博会的旅游期望的差异,结果显示因子分析法萃取出上海游客与居民对2010年上海世博会旅游期望因子为5项(基础设施环境因子、态度肯定性因子、社会现象因子、经济因子和物价与房地产因子);社会人口结构特征中除性别外,其年龄、学历、婚姻状况、职业等变量均同其旅游期望的5个因子分别存在显著性的差异;T-检证法分析出上海游客与本地居民在旅游期望及参与意识中存在着显著性差异。文章最后提出了2010年上海世博会成功举办的部分建议及本研究的未来发展方向。