Imiquimod:A potential option for inhibition of repigmentation of congenital melanocytic nevus after laser ablation

Congenital melanocytic nevi(CMN) are common skin tumors. Large and specially located nevi cannot be completely removed by surgery, posing the risks of both cosmetic deformities and potential malignancy.Nonsurgical treatments, such as laser therapy and physical dermabrasion, can overcome the limitations of surgery;however, the high rate of repigmentation remains an unresolved global challenge. We conducted a self-controlled observational study of a patient with a nevus on the chest. Two areas of the lesion were treated with an Er:YAG laser and 5% imiquimod cream was applied to one of these areas. After nearly 7-months of follow-up, we observed a significant difference in color between the two areas, suggesting that topical imiquimod may inhibit repigmentation and significantly enhance the effectiveness of laser treatment.

A Case of Coexistence of Aplasia Cutis Congenita and Giant Congenital Melanocytic Nevus:Coexistence of Two Rare Skin Diseases

Aplasia cutis congenita(ACC)is a rare disease that is characterized by complete or partial absence of skin at birth,either in a localized or widespread region.Melanocytic nevi refers to tumor-like malformations of the skin or mucous membrane caused by benign proliferation of melanocytes.It is classified as a giant congenital melanocytic nevus(GCMN)when the diameter of the largest nevus exceeds 20 cm.The co-occurrence of ACC and GCMN is extremely rare,to the best of our knowledge.We report a case of coexistence of ACC and GCMN of infancy in a 2-month-old male infant.The lesions consisted of a large hyperpigmented plaque occupying most of the trunk and pelvic region,and smaller hyperpigmented plaques on the trunk,head,and extremities.Additionally,there were large,sharply marginated,triangular,depressed atrophic plaques covered by thin,translucent,glistening epithelial membranes in the center of the GCMN on the back.The presumptive diagnosis was coexistence of GCMN and ACC.This could be a manifestation of SCALP syndrome,a rare neuro-cutaneous condition characterized by the presence of Sebaceous nevus,Central nervous system(CNS)malformations,Aplasia cutis congenita,Limbal dermoid and Pigmented(giant melanocytic)nevus.

A retrospective study of 2228 cases with eyelid tumors

AIM： To describe the histopathologic and clinical features of eyelid tumor cases from Tianjin Eye Hospital during 2002 to 2015. METHODS： In this retrospective study, a total of 2228 cases of eyelid tumors with pathologic diagnoses were enrolled. The eyelid tumors were classified into three groups according to tumor origin： epidermal, adnexal and miscellaneous, including melanocytic, neural and vascular lesions. Inflammatory tumor-like lesions were excluded. The clinical characteristics of the eyelid tumors were analyzed, including age, gender and lesion location. RESULTS： Most eyelid tumors were epidermal in origin（1080, 48.5%）, followed by miscellaneous（885, 39.7%） and adnexal tumors（263, 11.8%）. Among all the tumors, 292（13.1%） were malignant lesions, 1910（85.7%） benign and 26（1.1%） premalignant lesions. Most malignant tumors originated from epidermal cells（60.0%）, followed by adnexal cells（34.6%）. The most common malignant tumors were basal cell carcinomas（56.5%） followed by sebaceous carcinoma（34.6%）, squamous cell carcinomas（3.8%） and lymphoma/plasmocytoma（1.7%）. The benign and premalignant eyelid lesions mostly originated from epidermal cells（46.4%） followed by miscellaneous cell sources（45.2%）, including melanocytic nevus（33.8%）, seborrheic keratosis（13.7%）, squamous cell papilloma（13.0%） and epidermal cysts（11.5%）. CONCLUSION： Eyelid tumors are mostly epithelial in origin. Benign tumors are significantly more common than malignant tumors with an obvious female predominance, and the most frequent malignant tumor are basal cell carcinoma, sebaceous carcinoma and squamous cell carcinomas. The tumor clinical features varied among the different subtypes.

Effect of Q-switched Alexandrite laser irradiation on epidermal melanocytes in treatment of Nevus of Ota

To investigate injury to epidermal melanocyte by Q-switched Alexandrite laser Methods Multiple biopsies were performed on 5 patients with nevus of Ota from before irradiation to 1 year after irradiation Fourteen specimens were obtained for light microscopy, and 17 for transmission electron microscopy Results Melanosomes in epidermal melanocytes were both smaller in size and fewer in number than those in dermal melanocytes Immediately after irradiation, focal extracellular vacuoles of the basal layer could be observed under light microscopy Most epidermal melanocytes underwent mild or moderate injury in the form of vacuolated melanosomes, swollen mitochondria, dilation of endoplasmic reticulum, and expansion of extracellular space, retaining intact cell membranes Normal structures were restored 5 months to 1 year after irradiation, with no depigmentation or hyperpigmentation as seen by light microscopy Conclusion Injury of melanosomes in epidermal melanocytes is reversible