New strain induced melt activated (new SIMA) method for preparing AZ91D magnesium alloy semi-solid billet is introduced by applying equal channel angular extrusion into strain induced step in SIMA method, by which sem...New strain induced melt activated (new SIMA) method for preparing AZ91D magnesium alloy semi-solid billet is introduced by applying equal channel angular extrusion into strain induced step in SIMA method, by which semi-solid billet with fine spheroidal grains and average grain size of 18 μm can be prepared. Furthermore, average grain size of semi-solid billet is reduced with increasing extrusion pass of AZ91D magnesium alloy obtained in ECAE process. By using semi-solid billet prepared by new SIMA, thixoforged magazine plates component with high mechanical properties such as yield strength of 201.4 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 321.8 MPa and elongation of 15.3%, can be obtained.展开更多
Using melting layer(ML)and non-melting layer(NML)data observed with the X-band dual linear polarization Doppler weather radar(X-POL)in Shunyi,Beijing,the reflectivity(ZH),differential reflectivity(ZDR),and correlation...Using melting layer(ML)and non-melting layer(NML)data observed with the X-band dual linear polarization Doppler weather radar(X-POL)in Shunyi,Beijing,the reflectivity(ZH),differential reflectivity(ZDR),and correlation coefficient(CC)in the ML and NML are obtained in several stable precipitation processes.The prior probability density distributions(PDDs)of the ZH,ZDR and CC are calculated first,and then the probabilities of ZH,ZDR and CC at each radar gate are determined(PBB in the ML and PNB in the NML)by the Bayesian method.When PBB>PNB the gate belongs to the ML,and when PBB<PNB the gate belongs to the NML.The ML identification results with the Bayesian method are contrasUsing melting layer(ML)and non-melting layer(NML)data observed with the X-band dual linear polarization Doppler weather radar(X-POL)in Shunyi,Beijing,the reflectivity(ZH),differential reflectivity(ZDR),and correlation coefficient(CC)in the ML and NML are obtained in several stable precipitation processes.The prior probability density distributions(PDDs)of the ZH,ZDR and CC are calculated first,and then the probabilities of ZH,ZDR and CC at each radar gate are determined(PBB in the ML and PNB in the NML)by the Bayesian method.When PBB>PNB the gate belongs to the ML,and when PBB<PNB the gate belongs to the NML.The ML identification results with the Bayesian method are contrasted under the conditions of the independent PDDs and joint PDDs of the ZH,ZDR and CC.The results suggest that MLs can be identified effectively,although there are slight differences between the two methods.Because the values of the polarization parameters are similar in light rain and dry snow,it is difficult for the polarization radar to distinguish them.After using the Bayesian method to identify the ML,light rain and dry snow can be effectively separated with the X-POL observed data.ted under the conditions of the independent PDDs and joint PDDs of the ZH,ZDR and CC.The results suggest that MLs can be identified effectively,although there are slight differences between the two methods.Because the values of the polarization parameters are similar in light rain and dry snow,it is difficult for the polarization radar to distinguish them.After using the Bayesian method to identify the ML,light rain and dry snow can be effectively separated with the X-POL observed data.展开更多
In this work,a Cu_(2)ZnSnS_(4)(CZTS)ingot is grown via a melting method,then cooled;the resulting molten stoichiomet-ric mixture is sealed off in a quartz ampoule under vacuum.The CZTS powder chemical composition anal...In this work,a Cu_(2)ZnSnS_(4)(CZTS)ingot is grown via a melting method,then cooled;the resulting molten stoichiomet-ric mixture is sealed off in a quartz ampoule under vacuum.The CZTS powder chemical composition analyses are determined us-ing energy dispersive spectroscopy,and revealing the slightly Cu-rich and Zn-poor character of the ingot.Powder X-ray diffrac-tion analysis reveals a crystalline structure with a kesterite phase formation,and a preferred orientation of(112)plane.The lat-tice constants of the a-and c-axes,calculated based on the XRD analyses,are a=5.40Åand c=10.84Å.Based on Hall measure-ments at room temperature,we find that the crystal exhibits p-type conductivity,with a high concentration of 1018 cm^(-3),a res-istivity of 1.7Ωcm,and a mobility of 10.69 cm^(2)V-1s-1.Activation energies are estimated based on an Arrhenius plot of conductiv-ity versus 1/T,for a temperature range of 80-350 K,measuring 35 and 160 meV in low-and high-temperature regimes,respect-ively,which is attributed to complex defects(2CuZn+SnZn)and antisite defects(CuZn),respectively.The observed scattering mech-anisms are attributed to ionized impurities and acoustic phonons at low and high temperatures,respectively.The extracted band-gap is 1.37 eV.展开更多
It was tried to prepare the thermosensitive microcapsules containing the water soluble solid powder by the melting dispersion cooling method and to establish the optimum preparation conditions. As a model water solubl...It was tried to prepare the thermosensitive microcapsules containing the water soluble solid powder by the melting dispersion cooling method and to establish the optimum preparation conditions. As a model water soluble solid powder, sodium hydrogen carbonate was adopted in order to generate carbon dioxide gas and as a thermosensitive shell material, olefin resin with the melting point of ca. 40°C was used. In the experiment, the concentration of olefin resin in the shell material solution was mainly changed together with the concentrations of the oil soluble surfactant species and the α-tocopherol as a modifier of shell. Addition of α-tocopherol into the shell material solution could prevent the core from breaking away during the microencapsulation process and result in the higher microencapsulation efficiency, because the dispersion stability of solid powder in the shell material solution could be increased due to the increase in affinity between the shell material solution and solid powder. Also, the microencapsulation efficiency increased with the concentration of olefin resin, became maximum at 50 wt% and then, decreased. The microcapsules were found to begin melting at 36°C and to generate carbon dioxide gas.展开更多
Microcapsules containing the aqueous solution of Azur B of a water soluble dye were prepared with the melting dispersion cooling method and applied to the amplification detector of plant DNA. Paraffin wax with melting...Microcapsules containing the aqueous solution of Azur B of a water soluble dye were prepared with the melting dispersion cooling method and applied to the amplification detector of plant DNA. Paraffin wax with melting temperature of 75°C was used as the shell material. In the experiment, the aqueous solution (W) of Azur B as the core material was dispersed in the melted paraffin wax (O) to form the (W/O) emulsion and then, the (W/O) emulsion was dispersed in the silicon oil (O’) as the continuous phase to form the (W/O)/O’ emulsion at 85°C. After formation of the (W/O)/O’ emulsion, the microcapsules were prepared by cooling the (W/O)/O’ emulsion to 50°C. The microcapsules were prepared by changing the concentration of oil soluble surfactant in the (W/O) emulsion and the volume of the (W/O) emulsion in the (W/O)/O’ emulsion. The microencapsulation efficiency increased with the concentration of oil soluble surfactant and finally became 100% under the optimum conditions. Furthermore, the microcapsules were melted down at temperature of 85°C to reveal the sharp thermal responsibility and to release the aqueous solution of Azur B. As a result, it was found that the microcapsules were able to be applied to the amplification detector of plant DNA by utilizing the reaction between DNA and Azur B.展开更多
The most simple method for solventless synthesis of supramolecular complex of CMCR·2BPY·BZP, [CMCR = C-methylcalix[4]resorcinarene, BPY = 4,4'-bipyridine, BZP = benzophenone], is proposed. Although CMCR ...The most simple method for solventless synthesis of supramolecular complex of CMCR·2BPY·BZP, [CMCR = C-methylcalix[4]resorcinarene, BPY = 4,4'-bipyridine, BZP = benzophenone], is proposed. Although CMCR by itself is high melting point compound (above 300°C), CMCR was found to be dissolved in melt mixture of BPY and BZPeven below 120°C. In the mixture of the three components, the reaction occurs to form CMCR·2BPY·BZP supramolecular complex.展开更多
Based on the current situation of studying the thermodynamic property of Fe-C-Cr melt using the carbon saturated solubility, an experimental data treatment method of the carbon saturated solubility was put forward. Wi...Based on the current situation of studying the thermodynamic property of Fe-C-Cr melt using the carbon saturated solubility, an experimental data treatment method of the carbon saturated solubility was put forward. With this method a linear relationship ex- pression of the carbon saturated solubility in Fe-C-Cr melt was obtained, which intercept is dependent on temperature and independent of third component [Cr], but which slope is dependent on third component [Cr] and independent of temperature. Through this expression activity interaction coefficients at different temperatures were calculated and the relationship between activity interaction coefficients and temperature is also obtained.展开更多
基金Project(50475029, 50605015) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘New strain induced melt activated (new SIMA) method for preparing AZ91D magnesium alloy semi-solid billet is introduced by applying equal channel angular extrusion into strain induced step in SIMA method, by which semi-solid billet with fine spheroidal grains and average grain size of 18 μm can be prepared. Furthermore, average grain size of semi-solid billet is reduced with increasing extrusion pass of AZ91D magnesium alloy obtained in ECAE process. By using semi-solid billet prepared by new SIMA, thixoforged magazine plates component with high mechanical properties such as yield strength of 201.4 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 321.8 MPa and elongation of 15.3%, can be obtained.
基金supported by a Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Project (Grant No. Z171100004417008)the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2018YFF0300102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41375038 and 41575050)
文摘Using melting layer(ML)and non-melting layer(NML)data observed with the X-band dual linear polarization Doppler weather radar(X-POL)in Shunyi,Beijing,the reflectivity(ZH),differential reflectivity(ZDR),and correlation coefficient(CC)in the ML and NML are obtained in several stable precipitation processes.The prior probability density distributions(PDDs)of the ZH,ZDR and CC are calculated first,and then the probabilities of ZH,ZDR and CC at each radar gate are determined(PBB in the ML and PNB in the NML)by the Bayesian method.When PBB>PNB the gate belongs to the ML,and when PBB<PNB the gate belongs to the NML.The ML identification results with the Bayesian method are contrasUsing melting layer(ML)and non-melting layer(NML)data observed with the X-band dual linear polarization Doppler weather radar(X-POL)in Shunyi,Beijing,the reflectivity(ZH),differential reflectivity(ZDR),and correlation coefficient(CC)in the ML and NML are obtained in several stable precipitation processes.The prior probability density distributions(PDDs)of the ZH,ZDR and CC are calculated first,and then the probabilities of ZH,ZDR and CC at each radar gate are determined(PBB in the ML and PNB in the NML)by the Bayesian method.When PBB>PNB the gate belongs to the ML,and when PBB<PNB the gate belongs to the NML.The ML identification results with the Bayesian method are contrasted under the conditions of the independent PDDs and joint PDDs of the ZH,ZDR and CC.The results suggest that MLs can be identified effectively,although there are slight differences between the two methods.Because the values of the polarization parameters are similar in light rain and dry snow,it is difficult for the polarization radar to distinguish them.After using the Bayesian method to identify the ML,light rain and dry snow can be effectively separated with the X-POL observed data.ted under the conditions of the independent PDDs and joint PDDs of the ZH,ZDR and CC.The results suggest that MLs can be identified effectively,although there are slight differences between the two methods.Because the values of the polarization parameters are similar in light rain and dry snow,it is difficult for the polarization radar to distinguish them.After using the Bayesian method to identify the ML,light rain and dry snow can be effectively separated with the X-POL observed data.
文摘In this work,a Cu_(2)ZnSnS_(4)(CZTS)ingot is grown via a melting method,then cooled;the resulting molten stoichiomet-ric mixture is sealed off in a quartz ampoule under vacuum.The CZTS powder chemical composition analyses are determined us-ing energy dispersive spectroscopy,and revealing the slightly Cu-rich and Zn-poor character of the ingot.Powder X-ray diffrac-tion analysis reveals a crystalline structure with a kesterite phase formation,and a preferred orientation of(112)plane.The lat-tice constants of the a-and c-axes,calculated based on the XRD analyses,are a=5.40Åand c=10.84Å.Based on Hall measure-ments at room temperature,we find that the crystal exhibits p-type conductivity,with a high concentration of 1018 cm^(-3),a res-istivity of 1.7Ωcm,and a mobility of 10.69 cm^(2)V-1s-1.Activation energies are estimated based on an Arrhenius plot of conductiv-ity versus 1/T,for a temperature range of 80-350 K,measuring 35 and 160 meV in low-and high-temperature regimes,respect-ively,which is attributed to complex defects(2CuZn+SnZn)and antisite defects(CuZn),respectively.The observed scattering mech-anisms are attributed to ionized impurities and acoustic phonons at low and high temperatures,respectively.The extracted band-gap is 1.37 eV.
文摘It was tried to prepare the thermosensitive microcapsules containing the water soluble solid powder by the melting dispersion cooling method and to establish the optimum preparation conditions. As a model water soluble solid powder, sodium hydrogen carbonate was adopted in order to generate carbon dioxide gas and as a thermosensitive shell material, olefin resin with the melting point of ca. 40°C was used. In the experiment, the concentration of olefin resin in the shell material solution was mainly changed together with the concentrations of the oil soluble surfactant species and the α-tocopherol as a modifier of shell. Addition of α-tocopherol into the shell material solution could prevent the core from breaking away during the microencapsulation process and result in the higher microencapsulation efficiency, because the dispersion stability of solid powder in the shell material solution could be increased due to the increase in affinity between the shell material solution and solid powder. Also, the microencapsulation efficiency increased with the concentration of olefin resin, became maximum at 50 wt% and then, decreased. The microcapsules were found to begin melting at 36°C and to generate carbon dioxide gas.
文摘Microcapsules containing the aqueous solution of Azur B of a water soluble dye were prepared with the melting dispersion cooling method and applied to the amplification detector of plant DNA. Paraffin wax with melting temperature of 75°C was used as the shell material. In the experiment, the aqueous solution (W) of Azur B as the core material was dispersed in the melted paraffin wax (O) to form the (W/O) emulsion and then, the (W/O) emulsion was dispersed in the silicon oil (O’) as the continuous phase to form the (W/O)/O’ emulsion at 85°C. After formation of the (W/O)/O’ emulsion, the microcapsules were prepared by cooling the (W/O)/O’ emulsion to 50°C. The microcapsules were prepared by changing the concentration of oil soluble surfactant in the (W/O) emulsion and the volume of the (W/O) emulsion in the (W/O)/O’ emulsion. The microencapsulation efficiency increased with the concentration of oil soluble surfactant and finally became 100% under the optimum conditions. Furthermore, the microcapsules were melted down at temperature of 85°C to reveal the sharp thermal responsibility and to release the aqueous solution of Azur B. As a result, it was found that the microcapsules were able to be applied to the amplification detector of plant DNA by utilizing the reaction between DNA and Azur B.
文摘The most simple method for solventless synthesis of supramolecular complex of CMCR·2BPY·BZP, [CMCR = C-methylcalix[4]resorcinarene, BPY = 4,4'-bipyridine, BZP = benzophenone], is proposed. Although CMCR by itself is high melting point compound (above 300°C), CMCR was found to be dissolved in melt mixture of BPY and BZPeven below 120°C. In the mixture of the three components, the reaction occurs to form CMCR·2BPY·BZP supramolecular complex.
文摘Based on the current situation of studying the thermodynamic property of Fe-C-Cr melt using the carbon saturated solubility, an experimental data treatment method of the carbon saturated solubility was put forward. With this method a linear relationship ex- pression of the carbon saturated solubility in Fe-C-Cr melt was obtained, which intercept is dependent on temperature and independent of third component [Cr], but which slope is dependent on third component [Cr] and independent of temperature. Through this expression activity interaction coefficients at different temperatures were calculated and the relationship between activity interaction coefficients and temperature is also obtained.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52272006,52371193,52001231)Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader(23XD1421200)+3 种基金Oriental Scholars of Shanghai Universities(TP2022122)Space Application System of China Manned Space Program,Shanghai Rising-star Program(23QA1403900)Chenguang Program supported by Shanghai Education Development Foundation&Shanghai Municipal Education CommissionOpen Research Fund of Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices,Ministry of Education。
