Stagnation-point flow of couple stress fluid with melting heat transfer

Melting heat transfer in the boundary layer flow of a couple stress fluid over a stretching surface is investigated. The developed differential equations are solved for homotopic solutions. It is observed that the velocity and the boundary layer thickness are decreasing functions of the couple stress fluid parameter. However, the temperature and surface heat transfer increase when the values of the couple stress fluid parameter increase. The velocity and temperature fields increase with an increase in the melting process of the stretching sheet.

Melting heat transfer with radiative effects and homogeneous–heterogeneous reaction in thermally stratified stagnation flow embedded in porous medium

The present article deals with thermally stratified stagnation-point flow saturated in porous medium on surface of variable thickness along with more convincing and reliable surface condition termed as melting heat transfer.Homogeneous–heterogeneous reaction and radiative effects have been further taken into account to reconnoiterproperties of heat transfer.Melting heat transfer and phenomenon of homogeneous–heterogeneous reaction have engrossed widespread utilization in purification of metals,welding process,electroslag melting,biochemical systems,catalysis and several industrial developments.Suitable transformations are utilized to attain a scheme of ordinary differential equations possessing exceedingly nonlinear nature.Homotopic process is employed to develop convergent solutions of the resulting problem.Discussion regarding velocity,thermal field and concentration distribution for several involved parameters is pivotal part.Graphical behaviors of skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number are also portrayed.Concentration of the reactants is found to depreciate as a result of strength of both heterogeneous and homogeneous reaction parameters.With existence of melting phenomenon,declining attitude of fluid temperature is observed for higher radiation parameter.

Melting heat transfer in Cu-water and Ag-water nanofluids flow with homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions

This article addresses melting heat transfer in magnetohydrodynamics(MHD)nanofluid flows by a rotating disk. The analysis is performed in Cu-water and Ag-water nanofluids. Thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, and chemical reactions impacts are added in the nanofluid model. Appropriate transformations lead to the nondimensionalized boundary layer equations. Series solutions for the resulting equations are computed.The role of pertinent parameters on the velocity, temperature, and concentration is analyzed in the outputs. It is revealed that the larger melting parameter enhances the velocity profile while the temperature profile decreases. The surface drag force and heat transfer rate are computed under the influence of pertinent parameters. Furthermore, the homogeneous reaction parameter serves to decrease the surface concentration.

MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN PULSED ARC WELDING BY MELTING ELECTRODE

In this paper the processes of melting and transfer of an electrode metal to the molten pool, hydrody- namics of molten pool in controlled pulsed arc welding in carbon dioxide have been investigated.The process of pulsed arc welding with systematic short - circuits of the arc gap is realized by adaptive algo- rithms of pulsed control over main energetic parameters of welding - arc current and voltage,arc heated efficiency,peak,short - circuiting current, which provide the dosage of energy for energy for melting and transfer of every for of an electrode metal, the control over fluidity of the weld pool. Physica and mathematical models describing such processes in CO2, origind software hare been developed.The re- sults of physical simulation and mathemaical modelling permit to determine the influence of energetic parameters of the process on the condition of the 'power source-electrode-arc-molten pool' electrodynamic system at each moment of time.

Heat and Mass Transfer of Upper Convected Maxwell Fluid Flow with Variable Thermo-Physical Properties over a Horizontal Melting Surface

The objective of this article is to present the dynamics of an Upper Convected Maxwell (UCM) fluid flow with heat and mass transfer over a melting surface. The influence of melting heat transfer, thermal and solutal stratification are properly accounted for by modifying the classical boundary conditions of temperature and concentration respectively. It is assumed that the ratio of inertia forces to viscous forces is high enough for boundary layer approximation to be valid. The corresponding influence of exponential space dependent internal heat source on viscosity and thermal conductivity of UCM is properly considered. The dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity of UCM are temperature dependent. Classical temperature dependent viscosity and thermal conductivity models were modified to suit the case of both melting heat transfer and thermal stratification. The governing non-linear partial differential equations describing the problem are reduced to a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations and completed the solution numerically using the Runge-Kutta method along with shooting technique. For accurate and correct analysis of the effect of variable viscosity on fluid flow in which (Tw or Tm) T∞ , the mathematical models of variable viscosity and thermal conductivity must be modified.

Impact of Melting Heat Transfer and Variable Characteristics on an MHD Non-Newtonian Shear-Thinning Fluid Flow with Gyrotactic Microorganisms over a Nonlinear Stretched Surface

The objective of this work is to examine how temperature-dependent thermal conductivity and concentration-dependent molecular diffusion affect Reiner-Philippoff nanofluid flow past a nonlinear stretching sheet. At the interface of the elongated surface zero-mass flux and melting heat condition are incorporated. The formulated mathematical problem is simplified by implementing suitable similarity transformations. For the numerical solution bvp4c is utilized. The parameters emerging in the model are discussed versus allied profiles through graphical illustrations. It is perceived that the velocity of the fluid decays on incrementing the Bingham number. The gyrotactic microorganism profile declines on amplifying the Peclet number. The validation of the proposed model is also added to this study. .

Application of In-Flight Melting Technology by RF Induction Thermal Plasmas to Glass Production

An innovative in-flight glass melting technology with induced thermal plasmas was developed for the purpose of energy conservation and environmental protection. Two-dimensional modeling was used to simulate the thermofluid fields in the plasma torch. The in-flight melting behavior of glass raw material was investigated by various analysis methods. Results showed that the plasma temperature was up to 10000 K with a maximum velocity over 30 m/s, which made it possible to melt the granulated glass raw material within milliseconds. The carbonates in the raw material decomposed completely and the compounds in the raw material attainted 100% vitrification during the in-flight time from the nozzle exit to substrate. The particle melting process is similar to the unreacted-core shrinking model.

Effect of Injection Position on In-Flight Melting Behavior of Granular Alkali-Free Glass Raw Material in 12-Phase AC Arc Plasma

An innovative in-flight glass melting technology with a multi-phase AC arc plasma was developed to save energy and reduce emissions for the glass industry. The effect of the injection position on the in-flight melting behavior of granulated powders was investigated. Results show that the injection position has a strong effect on the melting behavior of alkali-free glass raw material. With the increase in injection distance, the vitrification, decomposition, and particle shrinkage of initial powders are improved. Longer injection distance causes much energy to transfer to particles due to a longer residence time of powder in the high temperature zone. The high vitrification and decomposition degrees indicate that the new in-flight melting technology with 12-phase AC arc can substantially reduce the melting and refining time for glass production.

No-core-melt assessment for Canadian-SCWR under LOCA/LOECC

The safety analysis code SCTRAN for SCWR(Super Critical Water Reactor) is modified to own the capability to assess the radiation heat transfer with developing a two-dimensional heat conduction solution scheme and incorporating a radiation heat transfer model. The verification of the developed radiation heat transfer model is conducted through code-to-code comparison with CATHENA. The results show that the modified SCTRAN code is successful for that the maximum absolute error and relative error of the surface temperature between results of SCTRAN and CATHENA are 6.1°C and 0.9%, which are acceptable in temperature prediction. Then,with the modified SCTRAN code, the loss of coolant accident with a total loss of emergency core cooling system(LOCA/LOECC) of Canadian-SCWR is carried out to evaluate its "no-core-melt" concept. The following conclusions are achieved: 1) in the process of LOCA, the decay heat can be totally removed by the radiation heat transfer and the natural convection of the high-temperature coolant, even without an intervention of ECCS(Emergency Core Cooling System); 2) The peak cladding temperature of the fuel pins in the inner and outer rings of the high power group are 1236°C and 1177°C respectively, which are much lower than the melting point of the fuel sheath. It indicates that the Canadian-SCWR can achieve "no-core-melt" concept under LOCA/LOECC.

COUPLING PROCESS FOR Ti AND Si BETWEEN TITANIA SLAGS AND Cu MELTS AT 1500 ℃

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Numerical simulation on rapid melting and nonequilibrium solidification of pure metals and binary alloys

A heat and mass transfer modelling containing phase transformation dynamics is made for pure metals and binary alloys under pulsed laser processing. The nonequilibrium effects of processing parameters and physical properties are evaluated on the melting and solidification of pure metals (Al, Cu, Fe and Ni) and Al Cu alloys. It is shown that the energy intensity of laser beam and physical properties of metals and the solute concentration of alloys have important effect on the interface temperature, melting and solidification velocity, melting depth and non equilibrium partition coefficient. This situation is resulted from the interaction of heat transfer, redistribution of solute, solute trapping and growth kinetics.

微尺度下基于对流混合的充填不平衡影响因素数值模拟分析

针对流道中采用对流混合的充填不平衡新的调控方法,通过数值模拟研究了微尺度聚合物熔体流动因素对流道熔体温度分布调控特性的影响。以“H”型流道作为研究对象,在流道中布局了对流混合装置。采用单因素的实验方法研究熔体温度、对流换热系数、流道系统对熔体充填不平衡的影响。数值模拟结果表明:绝热边界条件时,升高熔体温度伴随着熔体自身黏度的下降,对称点之间的温差减小,改善了充填不平衡,对流换热边界时,升高熔体温度加大了熔体通过壁面散失的热量,对称点之间的温差加大,充填不平衡越明显;对流换热系数越小,熔体与壁面之间的导热效率越低,熔体平均温度较高,增加了对称点之间的温差,加剧了充填不平衡;随着流道系统的减小,微尺度效应减弱,可以降低对称点间的温差,充填不平衡的现象得到了较好的改善。其中对流换热系数对充填不平衡的影响最大,其次是流道系统,最后是熔体温度。

基于场协同原理的注射打印技术高效塑化螺杆设计

提出以挤出打印零件外壳为自身模具进行内部注射填充的注射打印增材制造策略,为实现高效高强熔融沉积成型提供了一种解决方案。基于场协同原理分析了普通小型低速螺杆塑化能力不足的问题,通过探讨不同场协同扭转元件排布及数量对螺杆塑化效率、熔融长度及温度标准差的影响,为小型高效塑化螺杆设计提供指导及技术支持,以解决注射打印技术小型注射装置与大容积注射以及小螺杆长径比与大塑化能力的矛盾。结果表明,场协同扭转元件引起的扭转螺旋流动,改善了螺槽内熔体的径向传质能力,提高了速度场与温度梯度场的协同作用,进而强化了螺杆塑化能力;增加场协同扭转元件的数量及分散程度可以提高螺杆塑化能力并减少螺杆末端温度标准差;具有更多分散布置的场协同扭转元件的螺杆F表现出更短的熔融长度和更小的螺杆末端温度标准差。场协同扭转元件的应用改善了打印阶段熔体塑化质量,延长了注射阶段螺杆注射行程,促进了注射打印技术在生产效率和产品质量方面的双重提升。

钢液真空处理过程中Mn挥发动力学研究

Mn作为提高钢材强度的主要元素之一,在钢液真空处理过程中的挥发会对钢材成分及质量控制产生不利影响,因此,明确钢液中Mn的挥发机理,并据此精确调控钢液中Mn含量,对于保证钢材质量显得尤为重要。本研究针对X80管线钢的真空精炼处理过程,分析了气相压强和熔炼温度对钢液中Mn挥发行为的影响。结果表明:随着熔炼温度的升高和气相压强的降低,钢液中Mn挥发速率明显加快;在熔炼温度1903 K、气相压强19 Pa、处理时间40 min条件下,Mn挥发率高达92.26%。在熔炼温度1823~1973 K、气相压强19~670 Pa条件下,Mn挥发遵循一级反应规律,其表观挥发速率常数在(0.41~26.56)×10^(-5)m/s范围内;在气相压强19~670 Pa、熔炼温度1903 K的条件下,Mn挥发主要受气相传质的限制;在气相压强226 Pa、熔炼温度1823~1973 K的条件下,Mn挥发的表观活化能达到120.20 kJ/mol,限制性环节为气-液界面反应;本研究条件下,液相传质对Mn挥发速率的影响较小。

强磁场影响下金属相变传热的MHD效应实验研究

通过搭建金属相变传热的综合实验系统,研究强磁场下金属镓的熔化过程,获得了磁场作用下金属镓的熔化换热特性。采用熔化过程中加热壁面与相界面的动态平均距离代替固定特征长度,以此研究熔化过程中对流换热与导热的相对强度随傅里叶数(Fo)的变化规律。结果表明:小哈特曼数(Ha)下,熔化前期具有促进熔化效果,后期则是抑制;大哈特曼数下磁场对金属镓的熔化过程中的对流具有抑制作用,熔化过程呈现层状均匀推进;磁场能够减小熔化过程中腔体底部导热主导区的高度并且抑制熔化过程中的温度波动,使熔化过程中的温度分布趋于均匀。

管壳式相变蓄热器鱼骨仿生肋片的传热特性研究

针对管壳式相变蓄热器相邻肋片间相变材料(PCM)融化效率低的问题,受到鱼类骨骼结构的启发,提出了一种鱼骨仿生肋片模型,数值研究鱼骨肋片结构参数、位置及角度对相变蓄热器蓄放热效率的影响,并对鱼骨肋片进行优化设计研究。结果表明:采用鱼骨仿生肋片可强化传热,提高PCM熔化速率,合理调整肋片长度、位置及角度,可有效改善蓄热器温度分布均匀性;所添加鱼骨仿生肋片装置相比同体积传统直肋装置,熔化时间减少50.89%;优化设计的鱼骨分支肋片装置相比鱼骨肋片装置,熔化时间减少22.08%。

欧拉-拉格朗日迭代固-液相变算法

在固-液相变过程中,外力可导致固体相变材料在液体相变材料中产生相对运动并严重影响相变流动传热。提出一种欧拉-拉格朗日迭代固-液相变算法,创新地将预测固体相对运动的拉格朗日迭代外置耦合于预测相变流动传热的欧拉迭代,能够稳定准确地耦合计算固-液相变的流动传热和固体相变材料的相对运动。采用本算法研究了方腔内的接触熔化过程,探讨不同糊状区系数和重力加速度对本算法的影响规律。结果表明,本算法预测液相体积分数的平均误差为4.93%,固体相对运动预测数值振荡降低51.42%。对于石蜡材料,推荐使用的糊状区系数为1010。增大重力加速度会提高熔化速率并加快相对运动,但对整体趋势影响较小。研究结果可作为相变储能装置的设计参考。

基于圆台波浪形换热管的潜热储热单元性能分析

为提高潜热储热单元(latent heat storage unit,LHSU)的储热性能,提出了三种优化换热管结构的新型LHSU,分别为圆台形换热管潜热储热单元、波浪形换热管潜热储热单元和圆台波浪形换热管潜热储热单元(frustum wavy heat transfer tube latent heat storage unit,FW-LHSU)。基于数值模拟方法,比较了传统圆柱形换热管潜热储热单元(cylindrical heat transfer tube latent heat storage unit,C-LHSU)和三种新型LHSU的储热性能。此外,针对FW-LHSU研究了换热管壁面倾斜角度对储热性能的影响。结果发现,所提出的三种新型换热管结构均能增强储热性能,其中FW-LHSU储热效果最好,与C-LHSU相比,FW-LHSU的熔化时间缩短了32.64%,储热速率密度提高了48.1%。当增加FW-LHSU的换热管壁面倾斜角度时,其储热性能可进一步提高。当换热管倾斜角度从2°增加到8°时,FW-LHSU的储热时间可缩短37.00%、储热速率密度可提高48.44%。

交流CMT动态电弧特征及熔滴过渡行为分析

为了研究交流CMT焊接过程中的电弧形态及熔滴过渡过程,采用高速摄像技术结合焊接电参数采集系统,拍摄了清晰的交流CMT电弧及熔滴图像,同步采集了电参数的波形数据,将二者结合起来分析.结果表明,交流CMT电弧经历燃弧—形成熔滴—熄弧过程;正极性阶段焊丝端头电弧集中,工件表面电弧发散,形成"钟罩"形电弧;负极性阶段电弧有"上爬"现象,该现象会加速焊丝熔化;熔滴过渡经历冷—热—冷的转换,无缩颈形成;负极性阶段的焊丝熔化速度相对较快,熔滴过渡周期小于正极性阶段,熔滴直径比正极性阶段的略大.