The Regional Integrated Environmental Model System （RIEMS 2.0） coupled with a chemistry-aerosol model and the Princeton Ocean Model （POM） is employed to simulate regional oceanic impact on atmospheric circulation ...The Regional Integrated Environmental Model System （RIEMS 2.0） coupled with a chemistry-aerosol model and the Princeton Ocean Model （POM） is employed to simulate regional oceanic impact on atmospheric circulation and the direct radiative effect （DRE） of aerosol over East Asia. The aerosols considered in this study include both major anthropogenic aerosols （e.g., sulfate, black carbon, and organic carbon） and natural aerosols （e.g., soil dust and sea salt）. The RIEMS 2.0 is driven by NCEP/NCAR reanalysis II, and the simulated period is from 1 January to 31 December 2006. The results show the following： （1） The simulated annual mean sea-level pressure by RIEMS 2.0 with POM is lower than without POM over the mainland and higher without POM over the ocean. （2） In summer, the subtropical high simulated by RIEMS 2.0 with POM is stronger and extends further westward, and the continental low is stronger than without POM in summer. （3） The aerosol optical depth （AOD） simulated by RIEMS 2.0 with POM is larger in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River than without POM. （4） The direct radiative effect with POM is stronger than that without POM in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and parts of southern China. Therefore, the authors should take account of the impact of the regional ocean model on studying the direct climate effect ＆aerosols in long term simulation.展开更多
目的：考察新疆青少年心理健康素质的现状及特点。方法：通过分层抽样方法，在新疆地区选取了2138名10~19岁在校中小学生（来自汉族、维吾尔族和哈萨克族），采用中国青少年心理健康素质调查表（Chinese Adolescent Mental Health Quali...目的：考察新疆青少年心理健康素质的现状及特点。方法：通过分层抽样方法，在新疆地区选取了2138名10~19岁在校中小学生（来自汉族、维吾尔族和哈萨克族），采用中国青少年心理健康素质调查表（Chinese Adolescent Mental Health Qualities Inventory，CAMHQI）进行调查，该调查表包含适应状况、人际沟通、个性素质、动力系统、自我、认知风格、归因风格和应对方式8个分量表。结果：（1）新疆青少年心理健康素质各项指标均值都在3分左右。新疆青少年的适应状况、人际沟通、个性素质、自我、认知风格、应对方式分量表分均高于全国青少年常模，而动力系统、归因风格分量表分均低于全国青少年常模。（2）哈萨克族青少年的认知风格及归因风格分量表分均高于汉族青少年；汉族和哈萨克族青少年的适应状况、人际沟通、个性素质、动力系统、自我以及归因风格分量表分均高于维吾尔族青少年。（3）小学五年级学生各分量表（除应对方式外）得分均高于其他年级学生；除认知风格分量表外，初三年级学生各分量表得分均高于初一学生；高二、高三年级学生的动力系统得分高于高一年级学生。（4）女生动力系统得分高于男生，而认知风格得分低于男生。结论：新疆地区青少年各方面心理健康素质的水平都比较高，有6种素质的水平高于全国平均水平；小学生五年级心理健康素质的发展水平最高，初中阶段呈先降后升，高中阶段的发展水平处于稳定状态；哈萨克族和汉族青少年心理健康素质的发展与维吾尔族青少年相比具有明显的优势。展开更多
基金supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.KZCX2-YW-Q11-03)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant Nos.2010CB950900 and 2009CB421100)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No. 91025003)the R&D Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry (Meteorology)(Grant No.GYHY200906020)
文摘The Regional Integrated Environmental Model System （RIEMS 2.0） coupled with a chemistry-aerosol model and the Princeton Ocean Model （POM） is employed to simulate regional oceanic impact on atmospheric circulation and the direct radiative effect （DRE） of aerosol over East Asia. The aerosols considered in this study include both major anthropogenic aerosols （e.g., sulfate, black carbon, and organic carbon） and natural aerosols （e.g., soil dust and sea salt）. The RIEMS 2.0 is driven by NCEP/NCAR reanalysis II, and the simulated period is from 1 January to 31 December 2006. The results show the following： （1） The simulated annual mean sea-level pressure by RIEMS 2.0 with POM is lower than without POM over the mainland and higher without POM over the ocean. （2） In summer, the subtropical high simulated by RIEMS 2.0 with POM is stronger and extends further westward, and the continental low is stronger than without POM in summer. （3） The aerosol optical depth （AOD） simulated by RIEMS 2.0 with POM is larger in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River than without POM. （4） The direct radiative effect with POM is stronger than that without POM in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and parts of southern China. Therefore, the authors should take account of the impact of the regional ocean model on studying the direct climate effect ＆aerosols in long term simulation.
