Assessing Barriers to Mental Healthcare Interventions for Deaf People in Ghana

While mental health issues are increasingly gaining attention in Ghana, little is known about the situation among deaf people. This study assessed the mental health care needs of deaf people in Ghana. A descriptive design, consisting of interviews and focus group discussions, was used to collect data from 97 participants. Findings indicated that participants had limited knowledge on mental health issues. Mental health stigma, inaccessible mental health information and exclusion from mental health programmes were the major barriers hindering access to mental health care services. This study bridges the knowledge gap and provides evidence for the implementation of deaf-friendly services.

Double Tragedy: Examining the Effects of Mental Health Stigma on Help Seeking Behaviour among Deaf People in Ghana

Background: Globally, mental health is recognized as one of the major public health issues, and mental health stigma is one of the main barriers to mental healthcare. While several studies have been conducted on the stigma associated with mental health, very little is known about the mental health stigma experienced by deaf persons with mental health conditions in Ghana. This study examines the experiences of double stigmatization by deaf people with mental health conditions in Ghana. Methodology: A descriptive, mixed method data collection was used for seventy-nine (79) participants. The paper presents findings from the only qualitative component of the study. Results: The findings from the study showed that deaf people with mental illness experienced double stigma, namely being stigmatized for being deaf and for having mental illness. This hindered access to mental health services for deaf people with mental health condition. Conclusion: Deaf people with mental health conditions experience double stigmatization which discourages them from seeking professional psychiatric care. This implies that efforts to reduce mental health stigma and create awareness on deafness should be improved upon. It is recommended that, in view of the impact of stigma on the provision and use of mental health care services, strategies to improve access to mental health care, should seriously consider concerns about stigma.

The Relationship between Mental Health Literacy and Subjective Well-Being of Young and Middle-Aged Residents: Perceived the Mediating Role of Social Support and Its Urban-Rural Differences

This study investigates mental health literacy among young and middle-aged urban and rural residents and the differences in mental health literacy,perceived social support and subjective well-being.From January to February 2022,620 participants(320 rural and 300 urban residents)from three provinces of China were selected by con-venience sampling.A general data questionnaire,mental health literacy scale,perceived social support scale and subjective well-being scale were administered.The mental health literacy scores of urban residents were 3.34±0.57 and those of rural residents were 2.73±0.79.The results of multiple regression analysis showed that the mental health literacy scores of rural residents were more significant than those of urban residents in terms of sex and age,while urban residents’mental health literacy scores were more significant than those of rural resi-dents in terms of monthly income.Mental health literacy,perceived social support and subjective well-being of young and middle-aged urban and rural residents were all positively correlated(P<0.01).While the level of mental health literacy is better among urban residents than rural residents,perceived social support plays a partial mediating role between mental health literacy and subjective well-being of both urban and rural residents,and should be the focus of researchers seeking to improve the level of well-being of residents.

Health Professionals’ Attitudes towards Electronic Psychosocial Assessments in Youth Mental Healthcare

Psychosocial assessments can help mental health professionals establish good therapeutic relationships while simultaneously conducting holistic assessments of their young clients. Using technology to conduct assessments may increase disclosure by young people;however, the uptake of new technologies into current face-to-face practice has been slow. In the current study, we were interested in exploring the attitudes of mental health workers to using an electronic psychosocial assessment tool (e-tool) within face-to-face service delivery with adolescents and young adults. An exploratory design was used to identify and qualitatively describe the views of 46 mental health workers from services across the ACT and Victoria, Australia. Data were coded using an inductive thematic approach. Comments indicated that mental health workers held both positive and negative views about the e-tool. Some participants believed that it would allow disclosure to occur in a stepped process, normalize questions, give youth greater input, and be time efficient. However, the majority believed that the e-tool would infringe on their work because they needed to respond to their clients immediately, it would not provide an accurate representation of the client, young people did not have the necessary capabilities to engage in the process, they would miss non-verbal cues from the young person, and they were more likely to gain information from organic conversations. The results suggest that many mental health professionals may be fearful of incorporating new technologies in current practice. Specific training and supportive implementation guidelines must be developed to support use of these new technologies and change practice.

Intervention Effects on the Willingness to Stop Smoking and Social Nicotine Dependence Based on Single-Session Group Therapy with Frequent Use of Role Play Targeting Smokers with Mental Disorders

Objective: We devised a “Smoking-Cessation Motivation Program” as a community welfare service aimed at making short-term improvements in social nicotine dependence and enhancing the willingness to stop smoking among people with mental disorders. Method: The study conducted a controlled trial to empirically examine the effects of the program on the willingness to stop smoking and social nicotine dependence among 26 smokers with mental disorders in the intervention group, who were compared with a control group of 16 individuals. Results: Results demonstrated the program’s effectiveness in reducing social nicotine dependence, and a variance analysis with age as the covariate evidenced a mutual interaction between social nicotine dependence and the willingness to stop smoking, confidence to stop smoking, and resisting the temptation to smoke. Conclusion: Future studies should examine longer-term program results, the impact of program duration, and other factors that influence the program’s effectiveness.

Study on the development of mental health services for the elderly in community

With the aging of the population and the change of family structure, the physical and mental health of the elderly has become the focus of attention at home and abroad. The traditional mental health service in our country is narrow and the form is single, which can not meet the needs of the elderly. This paper based on the analysis of characteristics of community, community mental health services with respect to the unique advantages of Chinese traditional psychological service mode in the maintenance of the mental health of the elderly, with a unique entry point to analyze the problems of psychological services in community elderly, puts forward a sound proposal, summed up the community mental health service is suitable to China＇s national conditions, the practical significance of the road,

Mindfulness,Smile,Choice,Practice:Thoughts Based on Improving the Mental Health of Adolescent Secondary Vocational Students

Through the results of observations,questionnaires,tests,and other aspects from students,parents,teachers,schools,and society,we deeply explored the reality in the current education process of secondary vocational students,and actively thought about how to improve the current reality.We also explored the views and concepts more suitable for current students and times,created better educational and teaching activities to enhance students’perception and experience,so that students can truly enjoy the process,accumulate psychological resources and energy,and successfully complete the tasks of adolescent personality identity and development.Students can follow the self-education path of mindfulness,smile,choice,and practice,truly improve the level of mental health,and lay a solid foundation for becoming high-quality and highly-skilled talents.

人工智能在消除脑、体劳动差别中的角色、作用及方法论启示

当前以人工智能为代表的新科技革命方兴未艾。在可预见的未来发展中,人工智能作为人类社会发展的特殊产物,本质上依然属于生产工具的范畴。人工智能在消除脑力劳动和体力劳动差别的过程中,能够通过对脑、体劳动的同步代替,促进新劳动形态的形成,但也有产生“无用阶级”的风险。因此,要贯彻以人为本的发展理念,把握好人工智能发展的正确方向以及人工智能代替人类劳动的节奏和速度。对人工智能的技术范式要进行全面审思,以人的主体性矫正人工智能的“任性”,积极引导其发展向善,在消除脑、体劳动差别的实践中彰显技术正义,形塑人的自由全面发展。

社会支持对失能老人心理健康的影响研究

基于CLHLS 2011-2018年3期调查数据,使用多元Logistic回归方法,从生活支持、经济支持、情感支持、医学支持等4个层面分析社会支持对失能老人心理健康的影响机制。实证分析结果表明:在控制了失能老人的社会经济特征后,各层面的社会支持对失能老人的心理健康水平产生影响,对不同特征失能老人心理健康的影响存在一定差异;各层面的社会支持对失能老人心理健康影响的贡献度不同,政府以及社区所提供的正式支持更能显著改善失能老人的心理健康状况;照料满意度在社会支持对失能老人心理健康影响中具有中介效应,生活照料和医疗保障为其最基本的需求,当基本需求得到有效满足时,其心理健康水平将会得到相应提高。基于此,建议切实提高失能老人的生活支持服务水平,社会和家庭给予失能老人更多情感慰藉,改进对失能老人的医疗服务方式,提高失能老人的心理健康水平。

子代支持和社区环境对老年人心理健康的影响

研究基于生态系统理论,使用2018年中国老年社会追踪调查数据,运用分层线性模型分析子代支持、社区环境对老年人心理健康状况的影响。研究结果表明:(1)子代支持对老年人的心理健康状况有显著影响,其经济支持、生活照料和精神慰藉对老年人的心理健康具有显著促进作用。(2)社区环境直接影响老年人的心理健康,社区休闲娱乐环境和个人发展环境越好,老年人的心理健康状况越好。(3)社区环境在子代支持对老年人心理健康的影响中发挥调节作用。社区休闲娱乐环境对于子代经济支持处于低水平的老年人的心理健康具有更强的保护作用;休闲娱乐环境能够强化子代精神慰藉对老年人心理健康的积极作用。因此,要以老年人的需求为中心,系统性、针对性地改善社区环境、增强子代支持,探索创建子代和社区联动模式,构建代际和谐的家庭环境和老年友好的社区环境。

精神病患者与智障者性权利保护的基本问题

精神病患者与智障者因在认识能力和防卫能力方面的缺陷,其性权利受到侵犯的事件屡有发生。性权利是一项天赋的权利,精神病患者与智障者当然享有性权利,但因为生理上的特殊性,其性权利的实现和保护存在着一些现实难题。加强对精神病患者与智障者性权利的保护,应当完善支持精神病患者与智障者婚育权实现的制度体系,推动对性防卫能力鉴定以及性同意能力判断的个案化,对符合条件的适用推定同意理论,建立精神病患者与智障者遭受性侵后的救助补偿制度,为精神病患者与智障者的性权利保护打造一个从法律到社会、从教育到救助的全方位的制度体系。

黎月恒教授以人为本论治小细胞肺癌的经验

小细胞肺癌(small cell lung cancer,SCLC)是一种异质性强、恶性程度高的肿瘤。黎月恒教授认为,其主要病机为气阴两虚、邪毒郁肺,治以益气养阴、化痰散瘀解毒,临证中强调以人为本、身心同调。疗人之疾,先医其心:补肺为医心之本,常用黄芪、党参;养心为医心之主,常用百合、合欢花;健脾为医心之基,常用党参、鸡内金;疏肝为医心之要,常用柴胡、白芍;调肾为医心之佐,常用龙骨、牡蛎。以自拟经验方肺复方加减分阶段治疗SCLC:手术后,补气生血,培一身之本;放疗期,益气养阴,护周身津液;化疗期,补脾益肾,固先天后天;维持治疗期,祛瘀散结,先安未受邪之地。总结黎月恒教授以人为本论治SCLC的临床经验,并附医案一则加以佐证。

人民教育家精神的时代蕴含与落地培育

教育家精神是隐藏在教育家集体人格及其实践背后的精神共相,从教育家的人格“长相”入手来透视教育家精神是精准定义教育家精神的科学之道。教育家是“梦想、思想、创想”的时代杰作,教育家精神是教育家实践旨趣的精神镜像,人民教育家精神是为民“立德、立学、立教”实践的意义浓缩与精神镜像。新时代人民教育家精神的时代蕴含是:“家国天下”的立德精神、“知行统一”的立学精神与“仁智兼修”的立教精神。从“三修”,即修身、修心、修业入手,升华教师的师魂、睿化教师的心智、精化教师的技艺,是人民教育家精神落地培育的现实路径。

上海市青年男男性行为人群焦虑现状及影响因素分析

目的:了解上海市青年男男性行为人群(MSM)焦虑现状,寻找影响其焦虑的主要因素,为MSM健康促进及为艾滋病防控干预提高参考。方法:于2022年6~9月在上海市徐汇区、松江区、长宁区3个地区进行匿名调查,收集有效问卷1689份,并采用多元线性回归模型分析青年男男性行为人群焦虑的主要因素。结果:上海市男男性行为人群焦虑总评分为(44.60±0.40)分,高于国内常模(29.8±10.1)分。检出焦虑症状375人(22.17%),其中,轻度焦虑146人(8.64%),中度焦虑134人(7.93%),重度焦虑95人(5.63%)(t=16.110,P<0.05);多元线性回归结果显示,年龄、配偶、月收入、性取向、固定性伴侣、是否使用过精神类药品、艾滋病防治素养、是否接受预防艾滋病服务、是否定期检测、心理压力、社会态度对焦虑状态的影响具有统计学差异(P均<0.05)。结论:相比于普通人群,上海市MSM队列焦虑水平较高,要重点关注男男性行为人群的心理健康,通过个人-家庭-社会联动,从个人行为、家庭关乎社会支持多方努力,排解MSM焦虑情绪,促进其健康发展。

社区居家老年人心理健康与活力老化、身体活动的关系

目的:探讨社区居家老年人心理健康与活力老化、身体活动的关系。方法:采用方便抽样法选取河北省邢台市3个社区581名老年人作为调查对象,采用人口学特征调查表、杜克活动状况指数(DASI)、活力老化量表、心理健康量表进行调查。结果:单因素分析显示,不同性别、民族、婚姻状况、居住情况老年人的身体活动评分、活力老化评分、积极情绪评分及消极情绪评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同年龄段老年人的身体活动评分、活力老化评分、积极情绪评分及消极情绪评分比较,差异有统计学意义(t=35.719,16.411,9.524,22.569;P<0.001);不同文化程度老年人的活力老化评分、积极情绪评分及消极情绪评分比较,差异有统计学意义(t=7.036,13.293,20.706;P<0.001);不同月收入老年人的积极情绪评分、消极情绪评分比较,差异有统计学意义(t=16.119,11.723;P<0.001);是否患慢性疾病的老年人的身体活动评分、活力老化评分、积极情绪评分及消极情绪评分比较,差异有统计学意义(t=5.532,2.474,6.947,7.033;P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示,积极情绪与消极情绪、活力老化呈负相关(r=-0.471,-0.356;P<0.05),与身体活动呈正相关(r=0.518,P<0.05);消极情绪与活力老化呈正相关(r=0.592,P<0.05),与身体活动呈负相关(r=-0.343,P<0.05)。以积极情绪评分、消极情绪评分为因变量,结合单因素分析,按纳入(α=0.05)、排除(β=0.10)标准,将6个自变量(年龄、文化程度、月收入、慢性疾病、身体活动、活力老化)纳入方程,进行多元线性回归分析。结果显示,高龄、低文化程度、低月收入、患慢性疾病、身体活动评分低及活力老化评分高,则社区老年人消极情绪越强,积极情绪体验越少(t=-3.107,2.871,6.541,-4.006,8.769,-7.507,-9.142,8.724,6.883,-5.589,-8.190,6.706;P<0.05)。结论:社区居家老年人心理健康状态受年龄、文化程度、月收入及慢性疾病影响,且与其身体活动、活力老化现状有关,高龄、低文化程度、低月收入、患慢性疾病、身体活动少及活力老化高,会导致社区居家老年人消极情绪体验增加,积极情绪体验减少,不利于其心理健康。

马克思恩格斯的人民健康观:科学内涵、理论特质与实践启示

人民健康是马克思恩格斯人本主义思想中的重要论题。马克思恩格斯的人民健康观蕴含着作为自然维度的身体健康、价值维度的精神健康以及社会维度的人格健康等深层次内涵。同时,基于古典哲学中健康理念的承续审视、从现象到本质的健康联系构建以及人类整体健康问题的世界历史观省察,折射出马克思恩格斯健康观的批判性、辩证性和整体性等理论特质。在梳理马克思恩格斯人民健康观的基础上,深入探索打造人类生命健康场域的方法论,为新时代大力推进健康中国建设和构建人类卫生健康共同体提供实践启示。

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of young people:A comparison between China and the United Kingdom

Purpose:As COVID-19 spreads globally and affects people's health,there are concerns that the pandemic and control policies may have psychological effects on young people(age from 17 to 35 years).This psychological impact might vary in different countries,and thus we compared the prevalence of self-reported psychological distress,loneliness and posttraumatic stress symptoms(PTSS)among young people in the United Kingdom(UK)and China at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods:Data of this study came from two sources.One source was the first wave of COVID-19 study in Understanding Society,a special wave of the UK household longitudinal study,which provided the high-quality,national-wide representative panel data.The sample comprised 1054 young people.The other source was an online survey on the mental health of 1003 young people from Shanghai,a highly developed area in China.The questionnaire included questions on the prevalence of common mental disorders(cut-off score≥4),loneliness and potential PTSS(cut-off≥33).Univariable analyses were conducted to test the differences in the self-reported prevalence of psychological distress and loneliness between the two groups.Multivariable logistic regression analyses were run to explore the predictors of psychological distress and loneliness among all the young people from England and Shanghai.Results:Among the samples with self-reported psychological distress,the UK sample accounted for 34.4%(n=1054)and the Chinese sample accounted for 14.1%(n=1003).The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(p<0.001).Additionally,57.1%of people in the UK and 46.7%in China reported that they sometimes or often felt lonely,of which the difference is statistically significant(p<0.001).Regression analysis of the entire samples showed that nationality,gender,psychotherapy and loneliness were significant predictors of 12-item General Health Questionnaire scores,while the variables of age and living alone were not.Significant predictors of self-reported loneliness were the nationality,gender,age,living alone and psychotherapy.In China,123(12.3%)young people,49 men(11.3%)and 74 women(13.0%),met the criteria of PTSS symptoms(cut-off scores≥33).These scores were only collected in China.Conclusion:This evidence suggests that mental health and loneliness reported by young people were lower in China than that in the UK during the studied period.More research is needed to understand these differences.If the differential negative psychological impacts are confirmed,country-specific measures of prevention and intervention should be adopted to improve the mental health of young people under the ongoing impact of the pandemic.

意义世界视域下丰富人民精神世界的价值旨归与实践路向

人对于意义世界的追寻与创造,是人之所以为人的本质特征。解决当下人们精神世界存在的现代性危机,就要关注人的意义生存,构筑人民安身立命的精神家园。意义世界视域下,丰富人民精神世界,需要从构建更为稳定和谐的情感生态、提升内圣修身的道德境界、建构更为有序规范的价值秩序、追寻并确立生命的终极意义四个方面着力,为构筑人民安身立命的精神家园提供情感寄托、道德基点、价值支撑与终极关怀。为此,需要从文化入手,坚持以文化人的实践原则,以中国式现代化的文化形态立意寻根,即以中国式现代化的文化形态构建起主体精神的文化世界,确立丰富人民精神世界的生长脉络、意义指向与具体路径。

基于“五态人”理论探讨围绝经期综合征防治

围绝经期综合征是女性常见的身心疾病,以焦虑抑郁为主的精神症状和以月经紊乱、血管舒缩症状、自主神经失调等为主的躯体症状共同影响着女性的生活质量。整体观念是中医学的核心思想之一,《内经》阴阳“五态人”理论充分体现这一思想,按照阴阳偏颇将人分为太阴之人、少阴之人、太阳之人、少阳之人、阴阳平和之人五种,并揭示每种分型的生理特征及心理特征,以及疾病易感性。文章将“五态人”理论应用到围绝经期综合征的防治中,辨体、辨病、辨证论治相结合,探讨临床治疗围绝经期综合征的新思路。

成年精神障碍者意定监护的国内实践及完善

《中华人民共和国民法典》第三十三条构建了我国成年意定监护制度,将意定监护适用范围规制为所有具有完全民事行为能力的成年人。成年精神障碍者如能通过意定监护协议,跨越时空选定自己失能时的监护人,无疑是赋能和积极的。从国内精神障碍者意定监护司法案件切入,分析意定监护制度适用于精神障碍的本土逻辑与突破,反思其中凸显的问题,认为成年精神障碍者意定监护制度在主体资格、订立与启动、权利义务、退出机制等方面,都需予以规范性、解释性、限制性的细化规定。