Recommendations for Development of Rural Labor Service Economy from the Perspective of Urban and Rural Integration

Rural labor service economy is a method turning rural surplus human resources to economic resources,to realize increase of social wealth. Developing the rural labor service economy has profound influence on promoting transfer and employment of rural surplus labor,and speeding up industrialization and urbanization. Rural labor service economy is a huge and complex systematic project for promoting urban and rural integrated development and increasing farmers' income. This paper firstly analyzed importance and urgency of accelerating the development of rural labor service economy. From the perspective of urban and rural integration,it came up with pertinent recommendations,including establishing security mechanism and improving rural labor security mechanism,creating preferential conditions and encouraging farmers to return to hometown,exploring potential and promoting nearby labor transfer to promote rapid economic development,improving public employment service system,and cultivating and developing labor market. It is expected to provide certain references.

Gap between Urban and Rural Economic Development in Less Developed Areas——A Case of Northern Jiangsu Area,China

Taking northern Jiangsu area as an example,economic disparity between urban and rural areas is described according to the data in 2000-2009 Jiangsu Statistical Yearbook.Result shows that there are significant differences in the rural and urban economic development in less developed areas,which are mainly reflected in the differences in per capita income,living standard,and Engel coefficient.Reasons for urban and rural economic disparity in less developed areas are analyzed.The asymmetry and immobility of rural and urban resources have objectively caused the income gap between urban and rural residents;urban industrial development,which is faster than agricultural development,has widened the income gap between urban and rural residents;and the differences in comparative labor productivity in rural and urban areas have enlarged their income gap.Countermeasures to minimize the urban and rural economic development gap are put forward,such as deepening the reform,realizing the free flow of economic resources between urban and rural areas,developing rural areas through urban development,exerting the function of urban areas in the coordinated development of urban and rural areas,paying attention to the agriculture and rural areas,and improving the comparative labor productivity of agriculture.

Effects of the Development of Township Enterprises on the Urban-Rural Dual Economic Structure Based on Cointegration Theory

The gross output value of township enterprises(XGDP)is used as a variable of township enterprises development.And CXEY is a variable of urban-rural dual economic structure.According to the 1986-2006 Statistical Yearbook of Chinese Township Enterprises and the 2006 China Statistical Yearbook,effects of the development of township enterprises on the urban-rural dual economic structure are studied by the cointegration analysis.Result shows that without considering other influencing factors,township enterprise development in the years 1979-2005 is the key factor to improve the dual economic structure in urban and rural areas in China.

Changes and development plans in the mountain villages of South Korea:Comparison of the first and second national surveys

Owing to the geographic disadvantages of mountain villages, the social, cultural, and economic conditions of mountain villagers are inferior to those of urban dwellers in South Korea. Thus, in 1995, the The government of South Korea launched a mountain village development support program to promote agriculture and forestry, balance national land development, and preserve cultural heritage. The program was effectively implemented, improving the income, population size, and living conditions of villagers in addition to setting up a system for stable project implementation. However, concerns were raised about long-term development planning, the creation and marketing of specialty brands, facility management/operation, and follow-up support. The government conducted surveys of mountain villagers in 2003 and 2014, obtaining basic data to address these issues. This study evaluates the outcomes of these two surveys, suggesting areas requiring focusedaction, concentrating on village development projects, forest resource distribution and use, demographic trends, the economy, exchange with urban areas, green tourism, and master planning. We find that despite growth in the forest labor force, forest ownership is diminishing in terms of the number and scale of holdings. Consequently, it is necessary to commercialize forest resources, establish favorable settlement conditions, and expand government support for village-run projects. In addition, systematic forest management for older tree age classes would benefit the public and provide assets for future mountain village development. Our results are expected to provide baseline information for the establishment and efficient implementation of mountain village development policy.

How does Street Vending Economy Help Rural to Urban Migrants Integrate into Cities?

Street vending is a form of informal economy.The main participants of street vending economy consist of exploited workers,rural-urban migrants who are in low level of socioeconomic households,common workers,and some individual households.Most of the studies and articles have explored how to regulate the street vending economy and how to facilitate the relationship between vendors and city authorities,but the important constitute of street vending economies,rural migrants,has received little attention from scholars and there is little research about it.What role does street vending economy play in the lives of this segment of this population which itself faces a number of challenges in migrating and integrating into the city?We have found out that street vending functions as a platform which helps these people to better integrate into the cities.Through desktop research and case studies,this paper explores how street vending economy helps rural to urban migrants integrate into the city from four perspectives:identity integration,integrating in economic level,integrating in social level,and females'empowerment.

Analysis of the Impacts of Nongovernmental Economy on Nonagricultural Employment Growth in China

The importance of solving the employment problems by nongovernmental economy in China has aroused the concern of many scholars widely. However, few literatures could be found to deal with the impacts on nonagricultural employment growth in China by nongovernmental economy from several levels such as the whole nation, urban and rural. Based on the research accessed on the relationships between nongovernmental economy and em-ployment, the impacts of the development of nongovernmental economy on non-agricultural employment growth in China are emphasized in this paper. Taking time series data of non-agricultural employment in China’s different economy types in 1992–2005 as study objects, by establishing econometric re-gression models, some meaningful points are found as follows, the impacts of nongovernmental economy on the nonagricultural employment in either national or urban-rural level are rather sig-nificant although their impacts’ degrees are different. Based on the research findings above, some countermeasures are proposed to accelerate the nongovernmental economic development and im-prove its ability to absorb nonagricultural employment.

分割还是融合:数字经济如何影响中国城乡劳动力就业市场

中国经济步入新时代后,数字经济的快速发展为城乡劳动力就业市场带来了新的挑战。区别于以往在传统经济发展情境下对城乡劳动力就业市场的研究,本文将数字经济发展与中国城乡劳动力就业市场纳入同一研究框架,以探究数字经济冲击对城乡劳动力就业市场的影响。在理论上,构建数字经济冲击背景下城乡边际劳动生产力分割和劳动力流动的理论模型;实证上,基于2013~2020年中国省级面板数据,检验了数字经济对城乡劳动力就业市场的影响与机制,并进一步分析了数字金融的效能。研究发现:第一,数字经济显著促进了城乡劳动力就业市场的分割,这一结论在利用多种方法进行稳健性检验后依然成立;第二,数字经济对城乡劳动力市场分割的影响具有区域异质性差异,所有制分割是数字经济推动城乡劳动力市场分割的重要条件;第三,数字经济相关产业的发展及区域产业结构的转型升级是数字经济影响城乡劳动力就业市场分割的有效机制;第四,数字金融作为产业数字化融合的典范,显著抑制了城乡劳动力就业市场分割。此结论可为探讨数字经济为城乡劳动力就业市场带来何种改变,以及带来这种改变的机制为何提供有益参考。

数字经济赋能城乡融合的内在逻辑与实现路径

在数字经济迅猛发展的时代背景下,其对城乡融合的推动作用愈发显著,如何利用数字经济加速城乡融合已成为当前亟待探讨的重要议题。数字经济在推动城乡融合发展的进程中,通过多维度的深度融合机制发挥了至关重要的作用。具体而言,数字经济在促进人口流动与融合、推动经济结构优化与升级、实现空间布局的均衡与协调、提升社会服务的普及水平,以及改善生态环境与推动可持续发展等方面,均展现出显著的成效,为城乡一体化提供了坚实的支撑。然而,在数字经济赋能城乡融合的过程中也面临着数字鸿沟、创新动力不足、人才短缺等挑战与问题。因此,应当从加快数字经济发展均衡化进程、提升全社会数字创新意识与能力、强化数字高端人才培养与引进等方面入手,加快数字经济赋能城乡融合的进程,实现城乡融合发展的战略目标。

农业农村数字经济对城乡共同富裕的影响研究——基于电子商务进农村综合示范县准自然实验的证据

以2010—2022年中国2843个县域面板数据作为样本,借助多时点双重差分模型与调节效应模型,实证检验农业农村数字经济对城乡共同富裕的直接效应与作用机制。结果显示,农业农村数字经济对城乡共同富裕产生正向推动作用,该结论经过多种形式稳健性检验与考虑内生性问题后依旧成立。中介效应结果表明,农业农村数字经济可通过提升区域创新能力与促进农村产业融合,间接赋能城乡共同富裕。调节效应结果表明,普惠金融可正向放大农业农村数字经济对城乡共同富裕的推动作用。异质性结果显示,相较于贫困县、粮食主产区,农业农村数字经济对非贫困县地区、非粮食主产区城乡共同富裕的推动作用较强。

工业机器人应用会加剧中国城乡收入差距吗?

基于IFR数据库中国工业机器人数据,在科学测度2007—2019年中国31个省级区域工业机器人渗透度及城乡收入差距的基础上,细致刻画工业机器人应用对城乡收入差距的作用机制。研究发现:工业机器人应用显著加剧了中国城乡收入差距,因而有效处理机器人应用的收入分配效应能为高质量增长和共同富裕战略的协同共进提供重要支撑;工业机器人应用会通过提升就业技术结构高级化水平和资本利润率两个渠道,加剧中国城乡居民收入差距,且工业机器人应用在高劳动收入份额区域内引致的城乡收入差距效应较为显著;工业机器人应用有利于激发产业结构服务化及合理化的演进动力,并对制造业与生产性服务业协同集聚具有催化剂作用。为此,中国政府应及时和准确地预判工业机器人应用对中国目前及未来较长一段时间内经济与社会发展的动态影响,并在享受人工智能时代红利的同时,平抑其对城乡收入差距造成的负面冲击。

共同富裕背景下被撤并乡镇驻地集镇打造城乡融合节点思路研究——以浙江省为例

被撤并乡镇原政府驻地集镇作为“由镇变村”逆向城镇化发展的特殊类型,分布量大面广,是城乡融合、差异互动的重要节点。通过对浙江省不同地区50个被撤并乡镇原政府驻地集镇发展情况的实地调查研究,发现其面临美丽城镇和美丽乡村“两不靠”的尴尬困境,未能发挥在特色产业、居住功能、文化价值、资源利用等方面的应有价值,发展严重滞后。在浙江高质量发展建设共同富裕示范区战略背景下,发挥好老集镇城乡融合节点作用,加快推动转型发展,对于消除新型城镇化发展盲区、优化城乡发展格局,实现乡村振兴共同富裕具有重要意义。

数字经济发展能否缩小城乡收入差距?——基于287个地级市的实证研究

基于2010年—2019年全国287个地级市的面板数据,构建门槛效应、中介效应和调节效应模型,探讨数字经济对城乡收入差距的影响及机制.研究发现:一、数字经济发展抑制了城乡收入差距的扩大,但存在门槛效应;二、数字经济通过打破城乡数字鸿沟以及带动地区创新创业来缩小城乡间的收入差距;三、数字经济对城乡收入差距的影响存在区域异质性.因此,一方面应当大力发展数字经济,加快产业数字化转型;另一方面也要缩小城乡数字鸿沟,鼓励地区创新创业,并以科学技术为核心,因地制宜实行差异化发展,以期更好地发挥数字经济发展对缩小城乡收入差距的作用.

数字经济能提高农业转移人口市民化水平吗?

文章利用2018年CLDS数据,从理论机制和实证分析两个方面分析数字经济对农业转移人口市民化的影响作用。研究结果表明,数字经济对农业转移人口的市民化存在显著的促进作用,且通过分样本回归和半参数回归等稳健性检验后,这一效应仍然存在。分位数回归显示,在市民化的不同分位点上,数字经济的边际贡献存在较大的差异。数字经济对农业转移人口市民化的影响存在非线性单一门槛效应。此外,通过传导机制分析证实社会资本与个体年龄分别在数字经济促进农业转移人口市民化提升中发挥出中介作用和调节效应。由此提出提高城市数字经济水平,搭建数字化政务平台,推广数字化服务,探索数字化新模式;农业转移人口提升自身的数字素养,提高其应用数字化基础设施的意识、意愿和能力的建议措施,以更好地推进农业转移人口市民化。

城乡融合进程中的乡村半工业化与县域经济发展方向

半市场中心地带依靠距离市场中心近、用地成本低和半劳动力资源充足的优势,优先具备了承接东部发达地区产业转移的条件,呈现出乡村半工业化发展路径。乡村半工业化不同于东部发达地区成熟的完全工业化路径,在厂房布局、用工安排和企业管理等方面表现出乡土嵌入性特点,满足了本地剩余劳动力就近务工需求。乡村半工业化发展嵌入到乡村社会发展秩序中,与农民家庭生计模式、家庭发展目标相契合。工业园区化建设一定程度上挤压了嵌入在地方社会中的乡村工业发展,造成了工农互斥和城乡分离。县域经济应根据客观条件,维护内生于县域空间的中小规模半工业化产业,走以农民为主体的产业化和县域城镇化良性互动的发展道路。

数字经济与城乡收入差距——基于中国31个省份的面板数据分析

数字经济的快速发展,有助于消除城乡间信息壁垒,促进建设现代化乡村与共同富裕目标的实现。从2011—2020这十年间的中国除港澳台以外的31个省份的面板数据入手,采用面板数据个体时间固定效应模型,实证探究数字经济对于城乡间共同富裕的影响,并将对外开放水平、城镇化和市场化作为中介变量,探究中介变量对于数字经济影响城乡间共同富裕的作用。得出结论如下:数字经济的发展对于城乡收入差距的影响呈先上升后下降的倒“U”型趋势。按照东部、西部、中部和东北地区的划分,东部已经到达倒“U”型趋势的右侧,数字经济的发展开始促进城乡居民收入差距的缩小。3个变量对于数字经济影响城乡收入差距均具有中介效应,但中介效应都不过半,整体上数字经济影响城乡收入差距中还是直接效应占据主导地位。

基于基尼系数分解的城乡公共交通不平等测度:以浙江省海宁市为例

探明城乡公共交通不平等来源及其变化特征对缩小城乡差距有重要意义,以浙江省海宁市为例,将站点可达性作为公共交通服务指标,以交通小区作为分析单元计算公共交通可达性,分别计算2011—2020年研究区域总体、城区、农村及城乡间的基尼系数,将总体基尼系数按城区和农村两个子群进行分解,分析城乡公共交通不平等来源及其演变特征。结果发现:总体基尼系数为0.7204~0.7736,城区基尼系数为0.5718~0.6058,农村基尼系数为0.5955~0.6390,城乡间基尼系数为0.8131~0.8710,研究区域公共交通严重不平等,城乡间不平等程度最大;2011—2020年间总体、城区、农村和城乡间的基尼系数分别下降了5.62%、6.88%、5.21%和6.65%,公共交通不平等不断改善;城乡间不平等对总体不平等的贡献率为63.03%~67.58%,是总体不平等的主要来源。研究表明,基尼系数分解能有效测度城乡公共交通不平等来源,缩小城乡间不平等是城乡客运均等化发展的重要任务。

数字经济、生态保护与城乡融合发展的耦合协调效应——来自省域面板数据的实证检验

数字经济-生态保护-城乡融合发展的耦合协调效应是检视经济与社会高质量发展的重要维度。基于2011-2021年中国省域面板数据,采用熵值法、耦合协调度模型、探索性空间数据分析法以及灰色关联度模型,探究三者耦合协调发展的时空分异特征和驱动因素。研究结果表明:三个子系统的评价指数存在一定差异,城乡融合发展最高,生态保护居中,数字经济最低;从时间上看,研究期内三大系统的耦合协调度在低水平段位呈上升状态;从空间上看,三大系统耦合协调度表现为“东部>中部>西部”,且存在显著的正向空间自相关特征,局部空间自相关类型以“高-高”和“低-低”集聚为主;作为制约三大系统耦合协调发展的重要因素,产业结构、人口素质、经济驱动、政府调控、科技支撑的驱动效果依次递减。因此,要制定差异化区域协调发展战略,建构跨区域协作机制,实现数字经济、生态保护与城乡融合发展的互构式发展。

数字经济发展对城乡收入差距的影响研究

文章采用主成分分析法测度了2004-2019年全国29个省份的数字经济发展水平,通过固定效应模型、中介效应模型和面板门槛模型从流通业视角实证分析了数字经济与城乡收入差距之间的关系及其作用机制。结果发现,数字经济发展对我国城乡收入差距具有显著正向影响,数字经济能够通过促进流通业发展拉近城乡收入差距,且流通业发展水平越高,数字经济拉近城乡收入差距的作用越强。

城乡融合背景下我国县域富民产业发展动力机制与培育路径

城乡融合发展内在蕴含实现共同富裕的价值目标,县域富民产业为以城乡融合促进共同富裕提供了重要载体。县域富民产业根植于县域,以富民为价值取向,立足要素禀赋结构形成比较优势,基于城乡组织配置生产要素,通过产业跨界融合实现多业态创新发展。县城富民产业发展主要受制度供给和政策创新、城乡要素创新性配置、现代技术创新赋能、市场需求牵引等因素共同作用影响。县域富民产业发展整体层次和水平不高,区域间发展不平衡,在发展体制机制、产业科技创新能力、要素保障能力、带动效益与带动能力等方面存在短板。要将县域富民产业培育融入产业转型升级整体进程和县域经济发展全过程来谋划推进,坚持分类施策,加强制度供给,强化技术赋能,提升平台载体,强化利益联结,因地制宜发展壮大各具特色的县域富民产业。

数字经济促进城乡融合发展了吗?

文章基于熵权TOPSIS法分别测度了2011—2020年省际数字经济发展、乡村振兴与新型城镇化水平,采用耦合协调函数测算了城乡融合发展水平,实证考察了数字经济对城乡融合发展的影响。结果表明:数字经济对城乡融合发展具有显著的促进作用,在选取工具变量与更换估计方法的稳健性检验后该结论仍然成立。进一步分析发现,数字经济通过加快城乡产业融合升级和促进要素双向自由流动两方面来推动城乡融合发展。基于以上结论,提出深度利用城乡产业协同发展数字平台来激发城乡产业资源潜力并加强农村信息网络基础设施建设的建议。