Effect of exogenous free N^(ε)-(carboxymethyl)lysine on diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction:neuroinflammation,and metabolic disorders

Diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction has already been attracted considerable attention.Advanced glycation end products(AGEs)from daily diets are thought to be a vital contributor to the development of this diseases.However,the effect of one of the best-characterized exogenous AGEs N^(ε)-(carboxymethyl)lysine(CML)on cognitive function is not fully reported.In the present study,diabetical Goto-Kakizaki(GK)rats were treated with free CML for 8-weeks.It was found that oral consumption of exogenous CML significantly aggravated diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction in behavioral test.In details,exogenous CML increased levels of oxidative stress,promoted the activation of glial cells in the brain,up-regulated the release of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6,inhibited the protein expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor and thus led to neuroinflammation.Furthermore,exogenous CML promoted the amyloidogenesis in the brain of GK rats,and inhibited the expression of GLUT4.Additionally,several tricarboxylic acid cycle and glutamate-glutamine/γ-aminobutyric acid cycle intermediates including pyruvate,succinic acid,glutamine,glutamate were significantly changed in brain of GK rats treated with exogenous free CML.In conclusion,exogenous free CML is a potentially noxious compounds led to aggravated diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction which could be possibly explained by its effects on neuroinflammation,energy and neurotransmitter amino acid homeostasis.

白细胞介素抑制剂与肿瘤坏死因子-α抑制剂治疗银屑病的有效性及安全性比较的Meta分析

银屑病是一种慢性、复发性、炎症性、系统性疾病,斑块状银屑病是其常见的类型。目前认为辅助性T细胞与白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-23/IL-17轴是其发病的关键免疫学机制[1]。目前,治疗银屑病的生物制剂主要分为两大类,一类是肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor,TNF)-α抑制剂,主要包括依那西普、阿达木单抗、英夫利西单抗和培塞利珠单抗;另一类是IL抑制剂,主要包括IL-12/23抑制剂(乌司奴单抗).

抗白细胞介素-5单克隆抗体治疗哮喘效果的Meta分析

目的:系统评价抗白细胞介素-5(IL-5)单克隆抗体治疗哮喘的临床效果。方法:在PubMed、Embase和Cochrane对照试验中央注册中心检索有关抗IL-5单克隆抗体治疗哮喘的随机对照试验文献,检索时间为截至2024年3月,对数据采用CMA 2.0软件进行Meta分析。结果:纳入21篇文献,共8717例患者,试验组4593例,对照组4124例。Meta分析结果显示,在第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、哮喘生活质量问卷评分、不良事件发生情况方面,试验组优于对照组。结论:抗IL-5单克隆抗体治疗哮喘的临床效果较好,可改善患者FEV1、生活质量,且安全性较高。

扶正化瘀散结法联合西药治疗厌食-恶病质综合征有效性的Meta分析

目的系统评价扶正化瘀散结法联合西药治疗厌食-恶病质综合征的有效性。方法系统检索维普(VIP)、中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据知识服务平台(Wan Fang)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、PubMed、Web of Science、Embase数据库、Cochrane Library数据库,利用Jadad、Cochrane协作网RCT质量评价标准对纳入文献的研究质量进行评价,Meta分析提取数据。结果1)共纳入17个随机对照研究(RCT),患者1423例,纳入研究质量一般;2)Meta分析合并RR值包括体重变化[RR=1.36,95%CI(1.08,1.71),P=0.009]、KPS评分变化[RR=1.44,95%CI(1.29,1.60),P<0.00001]、进食量变化[RR=1.33,95%CI(1.15,1.55),P=0.0002]、白蛋白变化[MD=3.01,95%CI(2.10,3.93),P<0.00001]以及血红蛋白变化[MD=10.74,95%CI(1.91,19.58),P=0.02]。结论本研究证实扶正化瘀散结法在厌食-恶病质综合征应用的有效性优于单纯西药治疗或结合营养支持治疗。

An empirical study on Zhuang Nationalities'Meta-cognitive Strategy Use and Listening Achievement

The present research aims to find out(1) What are Zhuang Nationalities'Meta-cognitive Strategy Use and Listening Achievement(2) What are the correlation between successful and unsuccessful Zhuang subjects' meta-cognitive strategy use and their listening achievement.120 Zhuang subjects in a medical university located in Guangxi participate in the research.The results show:(1) all Zhuang students have an intermediate level at their meta-cognitive strategies use and compensating use but a bit low listening ability;(2) there exist significant differences between successful and unsuccessful Zhuang students'overall meta-cognitive strategy,listening and compensating;(3) significant correlations can merely be discovered between unsuccessful Zhuang students'monitoring and listening,yet significant correlations appear between successful students'overall meta-cognitive strategy,planning,evaluating and listening.

On Gender Differences of the Relationships between Meta-cognitive Strategy Use and Listening Achievement

The present research aims to find out(1) What are gender differences of Meta-cognitive Strategy Use and Listening Achievement(2) What are the correlation between male and female students'meta-cognitive strategy use and their listening achievement.236 subjects,including 153 girls and 83 boys,in a medical university located in Guangxi participate in the research.The results show:(1) both male and female have significant differences in their use of meta-cognition,planning and evaluating but this is not the case in their listening achievement.Moreover,female obtains higher means in meta-cognitive strategies use and gets higher listening achievement than male;(2) male and female's overall meta-cognition and planning significantly correlate with their listening proficiency and male's correlations are slightly higher than female's;(3) only male high-achievers highly correlates their listening with meta-cognition,monitoring and evaluating at a significant level and just female low-achievers significantly correlate their listening achievement with meta-cognition.

伤科接骨片治疗骨折临床效果的Meta分析及其“病-症-方”关联功效机制

目的系统评价伤科接骨片干预骨折的临床疗效,并从“病-症-方”关联角度,探索该中成药品种的作用机制及其各功效组的配伍特点。方法首先检索中文数据库(中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库)和英文数据库(PubMed、Cochrane Library、EMbase)自建库至2024年1月伤科接骨片干预骨折的临床研究文献,应用风险评价工具对文献研究内容进行质量评价,提取数据并采用Stata 16.0版软件进行分析。利用中医药整合药理学研究平台(TCMIP v2.0)获得骨折临床症状表型相关基因集,再利用GEO数据库获得临床骨折相关的差异表达基因集。同时,从TCMIP v2.0收集伤科接骨片所含化学成分及其候选靶标谱。构建“骨折相关基因-伤科接骨片候选靶标”互作网络,通过计算网络拓扑特征值,筛选核心网络靶标,并通过功能富集分析,解析该中成药品种各功效组的作用机制。结果Meta分析共纳入14篇文献,样本量共计1293例,提示伤科接骨片对骨折的总有效率(RR=1.24,95%CI:1.18~1.31,P<0.001);“病-症-方”关联网络分析结果显示,伤科接骨片候选靶标所参与的通路主要分布于骨损伤的愈合、神经、血液系统调节和“免疫-炎症”调节等功能模块,且方药中不同功效组的作用特点各有侧重。结论伤科接骨片具有良好的促进骨折愈合疗效,并可通过调节血液循环系统和神经系统、矫正“免疫-炎症”失衡、维持骨和能量代谢稳态而发挥其活血化瘀、消肿止痛、续筋接骨、清热解毒的综合功效。相关研究结果为明确伤科接骨片的优势疗效环节和临床定位奠定基础。

肿瘤坏死因子-α、超敏C反应蛋白与突发性耳聋关系的Meta分析

目的利用Meta分析方法分析肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-alpha,TNF-α)、超敏C反应蛋白(high sensitivity c-reactive protein,hs-CRP)与突发性耳聋(sudden sensorineural hearing loss,SSNHL)的关系。方法用计算机检索中国知网、万方数据、维普网、CBM、PubMed、Embase、Cochrane library、Web of Science等中英文数据库,搜集有关TNF-α、hs-CRP与SSNHL相关研究,时间范围为建库起至2022年4月。由2位独立评价者筛选文献、提取资料,采用RevMan5.3软件、Stata软件对符合质量标准的研究进行Meta分析。结果纳入16篇文献研究,SSNHL患者血清TNF-α、hs-CRP浓度均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论SSNHL患者血清TNF-α、hs-CRP升高,对疾病诊疗有一定临床指导价值。

超声卵巢-附件影像报告和数据系统鉴别诊断卵巢肿瘤良恶性的Meta分析

目的 系统评价超声卵巢-附件影像报告和数据系统(O-RADS)鉴别诊断卵巢肿瘤良恶性的临床价值。方法 计算机检索Cochrane Library、Embase、Web of Science及Pubmed数据库,搜索O-RADS鉴别诊断卵巢肿瘤良恶性的相关文献,检索时间均为建库至2023年9月19日。由3名研究者独立筛查文献、提取资料,然后利用QUADAS-2量表对纳入文献质量进行评价;应用Stata 17.0、Meta-Disc 1.4及RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果 最终纳入18篇文献,包括10 944例患者,共计11 189个肿瘤。Meta分析结果显示,O-RADS鉴别诊断卵巢肿瘤良恶性的合并灵敏度、特异度、阳性似然比、阴性似然比、诊断得分及诊断比值比分别为0.95[95%可信区间(CI):0.93~0.98]、0.79(95%CI:0.73~0.84)、4.59(95%CI:3.57~5.89)、0.05(95%CI:0.03~0.09)、4.52(95%CI:3.91~5.13)及91.79(95%CI:49.79~169.27);综合受试者工作特征曲线分析显示,O-RADS鉴别诊断卵巢肿瘤良恶性的曲线下面积为0.94(95%CI:0.92~0.96)。结论 O-RADS在鉴别诊断卵巢肿瘤良恶性方面具有较好的临床应用价值。

钠—葡萄糖协同转运蛋白-2抑制剂治疗2型糖尿病有效性和安全性的Meta分析

目的系统评价钠—葡萄糖协同转运蛋白-2抑制剂(SGLT2i)治疗2型糖尿病的有效性和安全性。方法计算机检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、Embase、Web of Science及中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台上公开发表的SGLT2i治疗2型糖尿病患者有效性及安全性的随机对照试验(RCTs),文献检索时限从建库至2022年5月1日。对照组给予安慰剂治疗,试验组给予SGLT2i治疗。根据Cochrane偏倚风险评价工具对纳入文献进行质量评价,采用RevMan 5.3软件和Stata软件进行Meta分析。结果最终纳入5篇文献,共包含40205例患者,文献整体质量较高。Meta分析结果显示,与对照组相比,试验组心血管死亡或首次心力衰竭住院风险[HR=0.75,95%CI(0.61,0.92),P=0.005]、首次心力衰竭住院风险[HR=0.70,95%CI(0.60,0.82),P<0.001]显著降低,但2组心血管死亡风险[HR=0.99,95%CI(0.84,1.16),P=0.86]、全因死亡风险[HR=0.92,95%CI(0.83,1.01),P=0.09]、严重不良反应发生率[HR=1.01,95%CI(0.93,1.09),P=0.84]、急性损伤发生率[HR=0.84,95%CI(0.63,1.12),P=0.24]比较差异无统计学意义。Egger检验结果显示,报道心血管死亡或首次心力衰竭住院风险、首次心力衰竭住院风险的文献无明显发表偏倚(P值分别为0.22、0.37)。结论基于现有证据表明,SGLT2i可降低2型糖尿病患者心血管死亡或首次心力衰竭住院综合风险和首次心力衰竭住院风险,且无严重不良反应和急性肾损伤发生。

Effect of Recurrent Severe Hypoglycemia on Cognitive Performance in Adult Patients with Diabetes: A Meta-analysis

The purpose of this study was to investigate the existence and extent of cognitive impairment in adult diabetes mellitus（DM） patients with episodes of recurrent severe hypoglycemia, by using meta-analysis to synthesize data across studies. PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane library search engines were used to identify studies on cognitive performance in DM patients with recurrent severe hypoglycemia.Random-effects meta-analysis was performed on seven eligible studies using an inverse-variance method. Effect sizes, which are the standardized differences between the experimental group and the control group, were calculated. Of the 853 studies, 7 studies met the inclusion criteria. Compared with control subjects, the adult DM patients with episodes of recurrent severe hypoglycemia demonstrated a significantly lowered performance on memory in both types of DM patients, and poor performance of processing speed in type 2 DM patients. There was no significant difference between adult DM patients with and those without severe hypoglycemia in other cognitive domains such as general intelligence,executive function, processing speed and psychomotor efficiency. Our results seem to confirm the hypothesis that cognitive dysfunction is characterized by worse memory and processing speed in adult DM patients with a history of recurrent severe hypoglycemia, whereas general intelligence, executive function,and psychomotor efficiency are spared.

γ-干扰素诱导蛋白10鉴别结核分枝杆菌不同感染状态效能的Meta分析

目的:评价γ-干扰素诱导蛋白10(IP-10)鉴别结核分枝杆菌不同感染状态的诊断效能.方法:检索Cochrane Library、PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网、维普、万方等数据库,检索自建库至2023年1月的相关文献,进行数据提取和质量评价,采用RevMan 5.3和Stata 17.0软件进行统计分析.结果:共纳入75篇文献,96项研究,共11116例患者.Meta分析结果为IP-10用于鉴别结核感染和非结核感染的合并敏感度为0.82(95%CI:0.79~0.84),特异度为0.87(95%CI:0.84~0.90),阳性似然比为6.40(95%CI:5.20~8.00),阴性似然比为0.21(95%CI:0.18~0.24),诊断比数比为31(95%CI:23~420),受试者工作曲线的曲线下面积为0.91(95%CI:0.88~0.93).结论:IP-10有助于鉴别结核不同感染状态,但最终确诊需要结合病史、症状等进行综合诊断.

Meta-Analysis of Risk Factors of Vascular Cognitive Disorder in Acute Cerebral Infarction Patients

Objectives: To identify the main risk factors of vascular cognitive impairment in patients with acute cerebral infarction by Meta-analysis, and provide references for the effective prevention of the cognitive impairment in stroke patients. Methods: To retrieve the observational research literatures that refer to the risk factors of vascular cognitive impairment in patients with ischemic stroke, which are published on China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang and Weipu Chinese databases. The screening and data extraction of these literatures are independently completed by two researchers, who also give the quality evaluation of the literatures according to the evaluation criterion of the Australian JBI Evidence-Based Health Care Center. Then, Meta-analysis is conducted by using Revman5.3 software. Results: There are twenty-eight articles selected from 1507 literatures, with a total of 10,711 cases and 50 risk factors included. Among them, there are combined effects of ten factors which have statistical significance, such as infarction area, alcohol consumption, smoking, hyper homocysteinemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, age, history of cerebral infarction, hyperlipoidemia and education level. The relational merging OR value and 95% CI between the type-variable factors and cognitive impairment are 3.25 (1.84, 5.76);2.98 (2.58, 3.45);2.79 (1.69, 4.59);2.35 (1.93, 2.85);2.25 (1.86, 2.71);2.14 (2.10, 2.18);1.82 (1.62, 2.03);1.54 (1.24, 1.92);1.45 (1.34, 1.56);0.83 (0.78, 0.89). Conclusion: Infarction area, alcohol consumption, smoking, hyper homocysteinemia, hypertension, diabetesmellitus, age, history of cerebral infarction, hyperlipoidemia and low education level are the main risk factors for vascular cognitive impairment in patients with acute cerebral infarction. Clinical nursing staff should include it into the routine assessment of patients with acute cerebral infarction and actively prevent and intervene.

Comparative efficacy and safety of cognitive enhancers for treating vascular cognitive impairment: systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis

Objective: To assess and compare the clinical efficacy and safety of cognitive enhancers(donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, and memantine) on cognition, behavior, function, and global status in patients with vascular cognitive impairment.Data sources: The initial literature search was performed with PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Methodology Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health(CINAHL) from inception to January 2018 for studies regarding donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, and memantine for treatment of vascular cognitive impairment.Data selection: Randomized controlled trials on donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, and memantine as monotherapy in the treatment of vascular cognitive impairment were included. A Bayesian network meta-analysis was conducted. Outcome measures: Efficacy was assessed by changes in scores of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale, cognitive subscale, Mini-Mental State Examination, Neuropsychiatric Inventory scores and Clinician's Interview-Based Impression of Change Scale Plus Caregiver's Input, Activities of Daily Living, the Clinical Dementia Rating scale. Safety was evaluated by mortality, total adverse events(TAEs), serious adverse events(SAEs), nausea, vomiting. diarrhea, or cerebrovascular accidents(CVAs). Results: After screening 1717 citations, 12 randomized controlled trials were included. Donepezil and rivastigmine(mean difference(e) = –0.77, 95% confidence interval(CI): 0.25–1.32; MD = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.18–1.79) were significantly more effective than placebo in reducing Mini-Mental State Examination scores. Donepezil, galantamine, and memantine(MD = –1.30, 95% CI: –2.27 to –0.42; MD = –1.67, 95% CI: –3.36 to –0.06; MD = –2.27, 95% CI: –3.91 to –0.53) showed superior benefits on the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale–cognitive scores compared with placebo. Memantine(MD = 2.71, 95% CI: 1.05–7.29) improved global status(Clinician's Interview-Based Impression of Change Scale Plus Caregiver's Input) more than the placebo. Safety results revealed that donepezil 10 mg(odds ratio(OR) = 3.04, 95% CI: 1.86–5.41) contributed to higer risk of adverse events than placebo. Galantamine(OR = 5.64, 95% CI: 1.31–26.71) increased the risk of nausea. Rivastigmine(OR = 16.80, 95% CI: 1.78–319.26) increased the risk of vomiting. No agents displayed a significant risk of serious adverse events, mortality, cerebrovascular accidents, or diarrhea.Conclusion: We found significant efficacy of donepezil, galantamine, and memantine on cognition. Memantine can provide significant efficacy in global status. They are all safe and well tolerated.

Comparison of Meta-Cognitive Beliefs with Regard to Depressed, Obsessive-Compulsive and Normal Individuals

The main purpose of the present study was to investigate and compare the meta-cognitive beliefs of three groups consisting of depressed, obsessive-compulsive and normal individuals. This expost facto study was carried out on 174 individuals (58 depressed, 58 obsessive-compulsive, and 58 normal). The depressed and obsessive-compulsive patients were selected from psychological clinics in central and southern Tehran using purposive sampling. The normal group was randomly selected from the staff of the related clinics. Participants completed three questionnaires including the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), the Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (MOCI), and the Meta-CognitionsQuestionnaire-30 (MCQ-30). The MANOVA test was used to analyze the statistical data. There were significant differences between the mean scores with regard to the meta-cognitive beliefs in normal individuals and in patients with depression or obsessive-compulsive disorders. Furthermore, with regard to cognitive confidence and cognitive self-consciousness subscales, there were significant differences between depressed and obsessive-compulsive patients. The mean scores of these two subscales were higher in obsessive-compulsive patient, in comparison with depressed individuals. There was no significant difference between the depressed and obsessive-compulsive groups regarding the three subscales of positive beliefs about worry, uncontrollability and need to control thoughts.

基于网络Meta分析对比不同钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白2抑制剂对慢性心力衰竭患者预后的影响

目的运用贝叶斯网状Meta分析对比不同钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白2抑制剂(sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor,SGLT2i)对慢性心力衰竭患者预后的影响。方法利用计算机全面检索CNKI、CBM、Wanfang、VIP、Pubmed、Web of Science、Embase、Cochrane Library。检索时间从建库至2022年12月1日。收集SGLT2i治疗心力衰竭的临床随机对照试验。由3名研究者独立进行筛选、提取数据。依据Cochrane系统评价手册进行偏倚风险评价。以RevMan 5.4软件进行异质性检验及直接Meta分析,ADDIS 1.16.6软件进行网状Meta分析。结果共纳入9项随机对照研究,包含3种不同的SGLT2i,共涉及23285例患者。与安慰剂相比,3种SGLT2i均能降低心血管死亡/心力衰竭住院复合终点的发生率,从优到劣排序为索格列净>达格列净>恩格列净>安慰剂。与安慰剂相比,3种SGLT2i中仅达格列净能降低心血管死亡或全因死亡发生率。3种SGLT2i与安慰剂在降低低血糖事件发生率方面差异无统计学意义。结论SGLT2i能降低慢性心力衰竭患者心血管死亡/心力衰竭住院复合终点发生率,且不增加低血糖事件发生率,而在降低心血管死亡和全因死亡方面,达格列净可能优于恩格列净和索格列净。

体力活动、久坐与高尿酸血症风险关联及剂量-反应关系Meta分析

目的:探讨体力活动、久坐行为与成年人高尿酸血症(Hyperuricemia,HUA)风险关联及剂量-反应关系,为高尿酸血症的预防提供循证依据。方法:检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、EMbase、Web of Science、中国知网(CNKI)、万方(Wanfang)、中国生物医学文献服务系统(SinoMed)等数据库2023年7月15日前发表的体力活动、久坐行为与高尿酸血症风险关联性的相关文献,运用Cochrane偏倚风险评估工具进行文献质量评价、Stata 15.0软件进行Meta分析和剂量-反应关系Meta分析。研究结果:共纳入13项前瞻性队列研究或病例对照研究,包含750678名受访者,平均随访年限5.9年。风险关系Meta分析结果表明:①MVPA显著降低成年人发病风险。女性、≥45岁、亚洲人群HUA发病风险可能对MVPA更敏感。②久坐行为显著增加成年人发病风险。男性、≥45岁、欧美人群HUA发病风险可能对久坐行为最敏感。剂量-反应Meta分析发现:①MVPA与HUA发病风险存在负相关非线性剂量-反应关系。MVPA与罹患HUA的风险阈值为15MET-h/w。②久坐行为与HUA存在正相关非线性剂量-反应关系。久坐时间与罹患HUA的风险阈值为25h/w。研究结论:MVPA与HUA存在负相关“对数”剂量-反应关系,久坐行为与HUA存在正相关“指数”剂量-反应关系。

ER+/HER2-转移性乳腺癌内分泌治疗联合靶向治疗方案的定量评估:基于模型的meta分析

目的定量比较CDK4/6抑制剂与PI3K/AKT/mTOR抑制剂治疗ER+/HER2-转移性乳腺癌的疗效和安全性。方法采用参数化生存函数模型分析总生存期(OS)和无进展生存期(PFS)的时间进程,在单臂meta分析中使用随机效应模型汇总任意级别和3~5级不良事件发生率。结果本研究纳入48篇文献,包括7881例患者。结果显示,CDK4/6抑制剂的中位OS为40.7个月,中位PFS为14.8个月;而PI3K/AKT/mTOR抑制剂的中位OS为29.8个月,中位PFS为8.3个月。此外,内脏转移患者的比例和联合使用的内分泌治疗药物类型显著影响疗效。在不良事件方面,CDK4/6抑制剂表现出相对较高的血液学不良事件发生率。结论CDK4/6抑制剂的疗效显著优于PI3K/AKT/mTOR抑制剂。本研究为CDK4/6抑制剂在ER+/HER2-转移性乳腺癌临床诊疗指南中的一线推荐使用提供了可靠的定量证据。

A Meta-cognitive Research on Middle School Students

After meta-cognitive being proposed masses of researches came to the identical result that one's meta-cognition ability has a direct relation to his/her language acquisition ability. Meta-cognition strategy training is helpful for the language learner to acknowledge how to study, how to monitor, evaluating and adjusting one's study process. This research tried to study the present situation of meta-cognitive strategy usage status of students from minority areas base on the data collected by the questionnaire.