Background: To compare the mortality rates and benefits of norepinephrine and vasopressin in patients with septic shock. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library database were searched from database inception...Background: To compare the mortality rates and benefits of norepinephrine and vasopressin in patients with septic shock. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library database were searched from database inception to December 2013. We selected randomized controlled trials in adults with septic shock and compared norepinephrine with vasopressin. After assessing the heterogeneity of treatment effects across trials using the I2 statistic, we used a fixed effects model(P≥0.1) and expressed the results as risk ratios(RRs) for dichotomous outcomes or as standardized mean differences(SMDs) for continuous data with 95% confidence intervals(CIs). Meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.1 software.Results: Seven trials(n=2323) met the inclusion criteria. Overall, the mortality rate in these seven trials was 36.2%(840/2323). There was no difference in mortality following the use of norepinephrine or vasopressin(RR 1.07; 95%CI 0.97-1.20; P=0.19). Compared to norepinephrine, vasopressin had no significant effect on heart rate(HR)(SMD 0.21; 95%CI-0.08-0.50; P=0.15), mean arterial pressure(MAP)(SMD 0.15; 95%CI-0.15-0.44; P=0.33), cardiac index(CI)(SMD-0.10; 95%CI-0.64-0.44; P=0.73), systemic vascular resistance index(SVRI)(SMD 0.15; 95%CI-0.39-0.70; P=0.58), oxygen delivery(DO2)(SMD-0.06; 95%CI-0.62-0.49; P=0.82), oxygen consumption(VO2)(SMD 0.03; 95%CI-0.52-0.59; P=0.91) or lactic acid(SMD 0.07; 95%CI-0.23-0.36; P=0.66). No significant heterogeneity was found in these comparisons(P≥0.1).Conclusions: There is not sufficient evidence to prove conclusively that norepinephrine is superior to vasopressin in terms of mortality and hemodynamics. The effects of norepinephrine and vasopressin on patients with septic shock require further study in large randomized controlled trials.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the impact of off-farm employment of agricultural labor on grain production. [Method] Impact of off-farm employment of agricultural labor on grain production was investigate...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the impact of off-farm employment of agricultural labor on grain production. [Method] Impact of off-farm employment of agricultural labor on grain production was investigated based on path analysis by using data from 200 counties and cities in Shandong Province and Henan Province in 2000 and 2008. [Result] Off-farm employment of agricultural labor affects grain production through agricultural land use patterns, off-farm employment of agricultural labor has negative impacts on grain production through multiple cropping index and positive impacts through the proportion of grain planting area. The positive impacts were greater in 2008. [Conclusion] Prerequisite of the positive impacts of off-farm employment on grain production is the substitution of agricultural mechanization development and agricultural technology advancement for agricultural labor. Orderly land circulation and scale land use should be promoted to avoid the lack of agricultural labor due to off-farm employment.展开更多
Intracranial hemorrhage(I)is a major problem of neonatal intensive care.The incidence of Iistypically asymptomatic and'canmot be effectively detected by standard diagnostic methods.The mechanisms underlying IH are...Intracranial hemorrhage(I)is a major problem of neonatal intensive care.The incidence of Iistypically asymptomatic and'canmot be effectively detected by standard diagnostic methods.The mechanisms underlying IH are unknown but there is evidence that stress-induced disorders inadrenergic regulation of cerebral venous blood flow (CVBF) are among the main reasons.Quantitative and qualitative:could significantly advance understanding ofthe nature of I in newbornslth1sions of CVBF in newborn rats withan experimental model of stinjection.Our analysis is bas ed on theDoppler optical coheavelet-based approachthat provides sensitiv external factors.Theobtained resultsccompanied by asupprectivity to adrenaline.Weintroducd show that the values0<1.23 estimated ithelodinto the sympathicusindicate abnormal reactions associated with the developent of I.We conclude that t he revealed areactivity of the cerebral veins to adrenaline represents a possible mechanism responsible forpat hological changes in CVBF.展开更多
A fundamental goal in cellular signaling is to understand allosteric communication, the process by which sig-nals originating at one site in a protein propagate reliably to affect distant functional sites. The general...A fundamental goal in cellular signaling is to understand allosteric communication, the process by which sig-nals originating at one site in a protein propagate reliably to affect distant functional sites. The general principles of protein structure that underlie this process remain unknown. Statistical coupling analysis （SCA） is a statistical technique that uses evolutionary data of a protein family to measure correlation between distant functional sites and suggests allosteric communication. In proteins, very distant and small interactions between collections of amino acids provide the communication which can be important for signaling process. In this paper, we present the SCA of protein alignment of the esterase family （pfam ID： PF00756） containing the sequence of antigen 85C secreted by Mycobacterium tuberculosis to identify a subset of interacting residues. Clustering analysis of the pairwise correlation highlighted seven important residue positions in the esterase family alignments. These resi-dues were then mapped on the crystal structure of antigen 85C （PDB ID： 1DQZ）. The mapping revealed corre-lation between 3 distant residues （Asp38, Leu123 and Met125） and suggests allosteric communication between them. This information can be used for a new drug against this fatal disease.展开更多
Rare earth elements (REEs), especially heavy rare earth elements (HREEs), are in demand for their current and emerging applications in advanced technologies. Here we perform computer-driven micro-mapping at the millim...Rare earth elements (REEs), especially heavy rare earth elements (HREEs), are in demand for their current and emerging applications in advanced technologies. Here we perform computer-driven micro-mapping at the millimeter scale of the minerals that comprise Round Top Mountain, in west Texas, USA. This large rhyolite deposit is enriched in HREEs and such other critical elements as Li, Be, and U. Electron probe microanalysis of 2 × 2 mm areas of thin sections of the rhyolite produced individual maps of 16 elements. These were superimposed to generate a 16-element composition at each pixel. Principal components analysis of elements at each pixel identified the specific mineral at that site. The pixels were then relabeled as the appropriate minerals, thereby producing a single mineral map. The overall mineral composition of the 7 studied samples compared favorably with prior analyses of the Round Top deposit available in the literature. Likewise the range of porosity in the maps was consistent with that of previous direct measurements by water saturation. This new statistical and GIS-based technique provides a robust and unbiased approach to electron microprobe mapping. The study further showed that the high-value yttrofluorite grains exhibited little tendency to cluster with other late-stage trace minerals and that the samples extended the previously documented overall homogeneity of the deposit at field scale to this microscopic scale.展开更多
Fungal pathogen of asparagus stem blight was isolated. No significant genetic difference was detected among the three strains with 492 bp long ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequence. It was then identified through colony growth, con...Fungal pathogen of asparagus stem blight was isolated. No significant genetic difference was detected among the three strains with 492 bp long ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequence. It was then identified through colony growth, conidia morphology, and molecular characterization. The physiological response to oxidation and osmosis stress, and virulence to Asparagus officinalis L. were analyzed. The results showed that the pathogen causing asparagus stem blight for A. officinalis L. in Jiangxi Province is Phomopsis asparagri (Sacc.) Bubák. Under pure culture conditions, the conidia were oval-shaped (α-type), with colorless single spore and single nucleus, containing 0-2 oil balls. Its vegetative growth rate was higher when cultured on 0.2 × potato dextrose agar (0.2 × PDA) medium than that on oatmeal agar (OA) medium. However, the pycnidia appeared earlier on OA medium than on 0.2 earlier PDA medium. The vegetative growth rate was depressed under oxidation (H2O2) or osmosis (NaCl) stress conditions, and totally inhibited under 7 mmol/L H2O2 or 2.4 mol/L NaCl. All the strains caused typical pathogenic symptoms to Asparagus officinalis L. at 7 days-post-inoculation (dpi) with conidia.展开更多
目的:对中医药治疗肠易激综合征(irritable bowel syndrome,IBS)的系统评价/Meta分析进行再评价研究.方法:计算机检索Cochrane Library、PubMed、AMED、E M b a s e、C B M、C N K I、V I P和WanFang Data,收集中医药治疗IBS的系统评价/...目的:对中医药治疗肠易激综合征(irritable bowel syndrome,IBS)的系统评价/Meta分析进行再评价研究.方法:计算机检索Cochrane Library、PubMed、AMED、E M b a s e、C B M、C N K I、V I P和WanFang Data,收集中医药治疗IBS的系统评价/Meta分析文章,检索时限均从建库至2013-11.由2位研究者按照纳入标准独立筛选文献、提取资料后,采用AMSTAR评价纳入研究质量,同时采用GRADE系统对主要研究结果进行证据质量分级.结果:共纳入14个相关系统评价/Meta分析,10篇研究评价了中草药疗效,4篇研究评价了针灸疗法,AMSTAR评分在2-10分之间,再评价主要结果显示,中医药治疗IBS较常规西药具有一定优势,但证据质量等级普遍较低.结论:本研究为中医药临床治疗IBS提供一定参考,但基于GRADE证据质量等级,建议证据使用者根据临床实践的具体情况进行循证决策.此外,中医药临床研究需根据自身特点,选择合适的研究设计方法,进一步开展高质量的临床研究,为评价中医药治疗IBS的临床疗效提供高质量的证据.展开更多
目的:应用诊断试验Meta分析方法评价瞬时弹性成像技术(fibroscan,FS)诊断慢性病毒性肝炎肝纤维化的准确性以及研究其准确性是否受病因影响.方法:检索万方数据-学术期刊全文库、中国期刊全文数据库(Chinese Journal Full-Text Database,C...目的:应用诊断试验Meta分析方法评价瞬时弹性成像技术(fibroscan,FS)诊断慢性病毒性肝炎肝纤维化的准确性以及研究其准确性是否受病因影响.方法:检索万方数据-学术期刊全文库、中国期刊全文数据库(Chinese Journal Full-Text Database,CJFD)、中国生物医学文献数据库(Chinese Biomedical Literature Database,C B M)、P u b M e d(M e d l i n e)、C o c h r a n e library、EMBASE数据库中有关FS评价慢性病毒性肝炎肝纤维化的中英文文献,进行严格筛选和评价,应用Meta-disc1.4和Stata12.0软件进行统计学分析.结果:共纳入28篇中英文文献.FS诊断慢性病毒性肝炎明显肝纤维化(≥F2)和肝硬化(F=4)的合并敏感度、合并特异度、合并诊断比值比、综合受试者工作特征(summary receiver operating characteristic,SROC)曲线下面积分别为0.72(0.70-0.73)、0.85(0.83-0.87)、18.51(13.28-25.80)、0.88和0.86(0.84-0.88)、0.86(0.85-0.87)、49.14(30.53-79.09)、0.94.Meta分析对所有慢性病毒性肝炎所得的结果,与按慢性丙型肝炎(chronic hepatitis C,CHC)或慢性乙型肝炎(chronic hepatitis B,CHB)病因分类后Meta分析所得的结果相比,未见明显差异.结论:FS诊断肝纤维化分级的准确性良好,尤其对诊断肝硬化.不论是CHC或CHB,FS诊断肝纤维化分级的准确性无明显差别.展开更多
文摘Background: To compare the mortality rates and benefits of norepinephrine and vasopressin in patients with septic shock. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library database were searched from database inception to December 2013. We selected randomized controlled trials in adults with septic shock and compared norepinephrine with vasopressin. After assessing the heterogeneity of treatment effects across trials using the I2 statistic, we used a fixed effects model(P≥0.1) and expressed the results as risk ratios(RRs) for dichotomous outcomes or as standardized mean differences(SMDs) for continuous data with 95% confidence intervals(CIs). Meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.1 software.Results: Seven trials(n=2323) met the inclusion criteria. Overall, the mortality rate in these seven trials was 36.2%(840/2323). There was no difference in mortality following the use of norepinephrine or vasopressin(RR 1.07; 95%CI 0.97-1.20; P=0.19). Compared to norepinephrine, vasopressin had no significant effect on heart rate(HR)(SMD 0.21; 95%CI-0.08-0.50; P=0.15), mean arterial pressure(MAP)(SMD 0.15; 95%CI-0.15-0.44; P=0.33), cardiac index(CI)(SMD-0.10; 95%CI-0.64-0.44; P=0.73), systemic vascular resistance index(SVRI)(SMD 0.15; 95%CI-0.39-0.70; P=0.58), oxygen delivery(DO2)(SMD-0.06; 95%CI-0.62-0.49; P=0.82), oxygen consumption(VO2)(SMD 0.03; 95%CI-0.52-0.59; P=0.91) or lactic acid(SMD 0.07; 95%CI-0.23-0.36; P=0.66). No significant heterogeneity was found in these comparisons(P≥0.1).Conclusions: There is not sufficient evidence to prove conclusively that norepinephrine is superior to vasopressin in terms of mortality and hemodynamics. The effects of norepinephrine and vasopressin on patients with septic shock require further study in large randomized controlled trials.
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the impact of off-farm employment of agricultural labor on grain production. [Method] Impact of off-farm employment of agricultural labor on grain production was investigated based on path analysis by using data from 200 counties and cities in Shandong Province and Henan Province in 2000 and 2008. [Result] Off-farm employment of agricultural labor affects grain production through agricultural land use patterns, off-farm employment of agricultural labor has negative impacts on grain production through multiple cropping index and positive impacts through the proportion of grain planting area. The positive impacts were greater in 2008. [Conclusion] Prerequisite of the positive impacts of off-farm employment on grain production is the substitution of agricultural mechanization development and agricultural technology advancement for agricultural labor. Orderly land circulation and scale land use should be promoted to avoid the lack of agricultural labor due to off-farm employment.
基金supported in part by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research(grants1l-02-00560-a,12-02-31204)by the RF Ministry of Educationand Sciences with in the Federal program"Scientific and scientific-pedagogic staff of innovative Russia for 2009-2013"(contracts14.B37.21.0216,14.B37.21.0853).
文摘Intracranial hemorrhage(I)is a major problem of neonatal intensive care.The incidence of Iistypically asymptomatic and'canmot be effectively detected by standard diagnostic methods.The mechanisms underlying IH are unknown but there is evidence that stress-induced disorders inadrenergic regulation of cerebral venous blood flow (CVBF) are among the main reasons.Quantitative and qualitative:could significantly advance understanding ofthe nature of I in newbornslth1sions of CVBF in newborn rats withan experimental model of stinjection.Our analysis is bas ed on theDoppler optical coheavelet-based approachthat provides sensitiv external factors.Theobtained resultsccompanied by asupprectivity to adrenaline.Weintroducd show that the values0<1.23 estimated ithelodinto the sympathicusindicate abnormal reactions associated with the developent of I.We conclude that t he revealed areactivity of the cerebral veins to adrenaline represents a possible mechanism responsible forpat hological changes in CVBF.
文摘A fundamental goal in cellular signaling is to understand allosteric communication, the process by which sig-nals originating at one site in a protein propagate reliably to affect distant functional sites. The general principles of protein structure that underlie this process remain unknown. Statistical coupling analysis （SCA） is a statistical technique that uses evolutionary data of a protein family to measure correlation between distant functional sites and suggests allosteric communication. In proteins, very distant and small interactions between collections of amino acids provide the communication which can be important for signaling process. In this paper, we present the SCA of protein alignment of the esterase family （pfam ID： PF00756） containing the sequence of antigen 85C secreted by Mycobacterium tuberculosis to identify a subset of interacting residues. Clustering analysis of the pairwise correlation highlighted seven important residue positions in the esterase family alignments. These resi-dues were then mapped on the crystal structure of antigen 85C （PDB ID： 1DQZ）. The mapping revealed corre-lation between 3 distant residues （Asp38, Leu123 and Met125） and suggests allosteric communication between them. This information can be used for a new drug against this fatal disease.
文摘Rare earth elements (REEs), especially heavy rare earth elements (HREEs), are in demand for their current and emerging applications in advanced technologies. Here we perform computer-driven micro-mapping at the millimeter scale of the minerals that comprise Round Top Mountain, in west Texas, USA. This large rhyolite deposit is enriched in HREEs and such other critical elements as Li, Be, and U. Electron probe microanalysis of 2 × 2 mm areas of thin sections of the rhyolite produced individual maps of 16 elements. These were superimposed to generate a 16-element composition at each pixel. Principal components analysis of elements at each pixel identified the specific mineral at that site. The pixels were then relabeled as the appropriate minerals, thereby producing a single mineral map. The overall mineral composition of the 7 studied samples compared favorably with prior analyses of the Round Top deposit available in the literature. Likewise the range of porosity in the maps was consistent with that of previous direct measurements by water saturation. This new statistical and GIS-based technique provides a robust and unbiased approach to electron microprobe mapping. The study further showed that the high-value yttrofluorite grains exhibited little tendency to cluster with other late-stage trace minerals and that the samples extended the previously documented overall homogeneity of the deposit at field scale to this microscopic scale.
文摘Fungal pathogen of asparagus stem blight was isolated. No significant genetic difference was detected among the three strains with 492 bp long ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequence. It was then identified through colony growth, conidia morphology, and molecular characterization. The physiological response to oxidation and osmosis stress, and virulence to Asparagus officinalis L. were analyzed. The results showed that the pathogen causing asparagus stem blight for A. officinalis L. in Jiangxi Province is Phomopsis asparagri (Sacc.) Bubák. Under pure culture conditions, the conidia were oval-shaped (α-type), with colorless single spore and single nucleus, containing 0-2 oil balls. Its vegetative growth rate was higher when cultured on 0.2 × potato dextrose agar (0.2 × PDA) medium than that on oatmeal agar (OA) medium. However, the pycnidia appeared earlier on OA medium than on 0.2 earlier PDA medium. The vegetative growth rate was depressed under oxidation (H2O2) or osmosis (NaCl) stress conditions, and totally inhibited under 7 mmol/L H2O2 or 2.4 mol/L NaCl. All the strains caused typical pathogenic symptoms to Asparagus officinalis L. at 7 days-post-inoculation (dpi) with conidia.
文摘目的:对中医药治疗肠易激综合征(irritable bowel syndrome,IBS)的系统评价/Meta分析进行再评价研究.方法:计算机检索Cochrane Library、PubMed、AMED、E M b a s e、C B M、C N K I、V I P和WanFang Data,收集中医药治疗IBS的系统评价/Meta分析文章,检索时限均从建库至2013-11.由2位研究者按照纳入标准独立筛选文献、提取资料后,采用AMSTAR评价纳入研究质量,同时采用GRADE系统对主要研究结果进行证据质量分级.结果:共纳入14个相关系统评价/Meta分析,10篇研究评价了中草药疗效,4篇研究评价了针灸疗法,AMSTAR评分在2-10分之间,再评价主要结果显示,中医药治疗IBS较常规西药具有一定优势,但证据质量等级普遍较低.结论:本研究为中医药临床治疗IBS提供一定参考,但基于GRADE证据质量等级,建议证据使用者根据临床实践的具体情况进行循证决策.此外,中医药临床研究需根据自身特点,选择合适的研究设计方法,进一步开展高质量的临床研究,为评价中医药治疗IBS的临床疗效提供高质量的证据.
文摘目的:应用诊断试验Meta分析方法评价瞬时弹性成像技术(fibroscan,FS)诊断慢性病毒性肝炎肝纤维化的准确性以及研究其准确性是否受病因影响.方法:检索万方数据-学术期刊全文库、中国期刊全文数据库(Chinese Journal Full-Text Database,CJFD)、中国生物医学文献数据库(Chinese Biomedical Literature Database,C B M)、P u b M e d(M e d l i n e)、C o c h r a n e library、EMBASE数据库中有关FS评价慢性病毒性肝炎肝纤维化的中英文文献,进行严格筛选和评价,应用Meta-disc1.4和Stata12.0软件进行统计学分析.结果:共纳入28篇中英文文献.FS诊断慢性病毒性肝炎明显肝纤维化(≥F2)和肝硬化(F=4)的合并敏感度、合并特异度、合并诊断比值比、综合受试者工作特征(summary receiver operating characteristic,SROC)曲线下面积分别为0.72(0.70-0.73)、0.85(0.83-0.87)、18.51(13.28-25.80)、0.88和0.86(0.84-0.88)、0.86(0.85-0.87)、49.14(30.53-79.09)、0.94.Meta分析对所有慢性病毒性肝炎所得的结果,与按慢性丙型肝炎(chronic hepatitis C,CHC)或慢性乙型肝炎(chronic hepatitis B,CHB)病因分类后Meta分析所得的结果相比,未见明显差异.结论:FS诊断肝纤维化分级的准确性良好,尤其对诊断肝硬化.不论是CHC或CHB,FS诊断肝纤维化分级的准确性无明显差别.
