目的:颈前路减压融合术是治疗退行性颈椎病的经典手术方式,钉板的使用增加了融合率及稳定性的同时,间接导致了邻近椎体退变和术后吞咽困难的发生。文章通过Meta分析方法比较ROI-C^(TM)自锁系统和传统融合器联合钉板内固定治疗退行性颈...目的:颈前路减压融合术是治疗退行性颈椎病的经典手术方式,钉板的使用增加了融合率及稳定性的同时,间接导致了邻近椎体退变和术后吞咽困难的发生。文章通过Meta分析方法比较ROI-C^(TM)自锁系统和传统融合器联合钉板内固定治疗退行性颈椎病患者的临床结果和并发症情况,为颈前路减压融合术中内固定方式的选择提供循证学支持。方法:检索中国知网、万方、维普、PubMed、Cochrane Library、Web of Science和Embase数据库,检索关于颈前路减压融合术中应用ROI-C^(TM)自锁系统与融合器联合钉板内固定治疗退行性颈椎病的中英文文献。检索时间范围为各数据库建库至2023年7月。由2名研究者严格按照纳入与排除标准选择文献,采用Cochrane偏倚风险工具对随机对照试验进行质量评价,NOS量表对队列研究进行质量评价。采用RevMan 5.4软件进行Meta分析。结局指标包括手术时间、术中出血量、日本骨科协会(Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scores,JOA)评分、颈椎功能障碍指数、C_(2)-C_(7)Cobb角、融合率、邻近椎体退变发生率、融合器沉降率和吞咽困难发生率。结果:共纳入13项研究,其中回顾性队列研究11项,随机对照试验2项,共1136例患者,ROI-C组569例,融合器联合钉板组567例。Meta分析结果显示:ROI-C组与融合器联合钉板组在手术时间(MD=-15.52,95%CI:-18.62至-12.42,P<0.00001),术中出血量(MD=-24.53,95%CI:-32.46至-16.61,P<0.00001),术后邻近节段退变率(RR=0.40,95%CI:0.27-0.60,P<0.00001)和术后总吞咽困难发生率(RR=0.18,95%CI:0.13-0.26,P<0.00001)均具有显著性差异。两者在术后JOA评分、颈椎功能障碍指数、C_(2)-C_(7)Cobb角、融合率和融合器沉降率方面无显著性差异(P≥0.05)。结论:在颈椎前路减压融合术中应用ROI-C^(TM)自锁系统与传统融合器联合钉板内固定治疗退行性颈椎病均可达到满意的临床效果,ROI-C^(TM)自锁系统操作更加简单,相比融合器联合钉板内固定能明显减少手术时间及术中出血量,在减少术后吞咽困难及邻近节段退变发生率等方面具有明显优势,对于跳跃型颈椎病及邻椎病翻修患者,更加推荐使用ROI-C^(TM)自锁系统。但鉴于其可能存在较高的沉降率,对于多节段且合并融合器沉降高危因素如骨质疏松、椎体终板破损的退行性颈椎病患者,仍建议使用融合器联合钉板内固定。展开更多
目的:神经肌肉训练是近年来较新的一种综合康复治疗方法,对膝骨关节炎的疗效尚存在争议。此次研究通过系统Meta分析评价神经肌肉训练治疗膝骨关节炎的临床疗效。方法:全面检索中国知网、维普、万方、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、We...目的:神经肌肉训练是近年来较新的一种综合康复治疗方法,对膝骨关节炎的疗效尚存在争议。此次研究通过系统Meta分析评价神经肌肉训练治疗膝骨关节炎的临床疗效。方法:全面检索中国知网、维普、万方、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、EBSCO和Embase文献数据库中有关神经肌肉训练治疗膝骨关节炎的临床随机对照试验,时间从各数据库建库至2023年10月,神经肌肉训练组(试验组)使用神经肌肉训练或以神经肌肉训练为主要干预方式;对照组为空白组或采用常规康复治疗。结局指标包括西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数评分(The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index,WOMAC)、行走计时、膝关节稳定性、30 s内膝关节最大弯曲次数。采用Cochrane偏倚风险评估工具和物理治疗证据数据库量表确定纳入文献质量,使用RevMan5.4软件进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入11项临床随机对照试验,纳入样本量628例。Meta分析结果显示:①WOMAC疼痛评分试验组优于对照组(SMD=0.38,95%CI:0.08-0.69,P=0.01);②膝关节稳定性和30s内膝关节最大弯曲次数试验组均优于对照组(膝关节稳定性:SMD=0.57,95%CI:0.23-0.92,P=0.001;30 s内膝关节最大弯曲次数:SMD=0.35,95%CI:0.05-0.65,P=0.02);两组均可提高膝骨关节炎患者行走速度,改善行走能力,但差异无显著性意义(行走计时:SMD=-0.22,95%CI:-0.48-0.03,P=0.09);③WOMAC身体功能评分试验组优于对照组(SMD=-0.79,95%CI:-1.30至-0.28,P=0.002)。结论:神经肌肉训练可以有效改善膝骨关节炎患者的疼痛,增强膝关节稳定性,促进功能恢复,但仍需要更多高质量随机对照试验进一步研究证实。展开更多
This article explores the dead universe theory as a novel interpretation for the origin and evolution of the universe, suggesting that our cosmos may have originated from the remnants of a preceding universe. This per...This article explores the dead universe theory as a novel interpretation for the origin and evolution of the universe, suggesting that our cosmos may have originated from the remnants of a preceding universe. This perspective challenges the conventional Big Bang theory, particularly concerning dark matter, the expansion of the universe, and the interpretation of phenomena such as gravitational waves.展开更多
Olbers’s paradox, known as the dark night paradox, is an argument in astrophysics that the darkness of the night sky conflicts with the assumption of an infinite and eternal static universe. Big-Bang theory was used ...Olbers’s paradox, known as the dark night paradox, is an argument in astrophysics that the darkness of the night sky conflicts with the assumption of an infinite and eternal static universe. Big-Bang theory was used to partially explain this paradox, while introducing new problems. Hereby, we propose a better theory, named Sun Matters Theory, to explain this paradox. Moreover, this unique theory supports and extended the Einstein’s static universe model proposed by Albert Einstein in 1917. Further, we proposed our new universe model, “Sun Model of Universe”. Based on the new model and novel theory, we generated innovative field equation by upgrading Einstein’s Field Equation through adding back the cosmological constant, introducing a new variable and modifying the gravitationally-related concepts. According to the Sun Model of Universe, the dark matter and dark energy comprise the so-called “Sun Matters”. The observed phenomenon like the red shift is explained as due to the interaction of ordinary light with Sun Matters leading to its energy and frequency decrease. In Sun Model, our big universe consists of many universes with ordinary matter at the core mixed and surrounded with the Sun Matters. In those universes, the laws of physics may be completely or partially different from that of our ordinary universe with parallel civilizations. The darkness of night can be easily explained as resulting from the interaction of light with the Sun Matters leading to the sharp decrease in the light intensity. Sun Matters also scatter the light from a star, which makes it shining as observed by Hubble. Further, there is a kind of Sun Matters named “Sun Waters”, surrounding every starts. When lights pass by the sun, the Sun Waters deflect the lights to bend the light path. According to the Sun Model, it is the light bent not the space bent that was proposed in the theory of relativities.展开更多
The article considers a conceptual universe model as a periodic lattice (network) with nodes defined by the wave function in a background-independent Hamiltonian based on their relations and interactions. This model g...The article considers a conceptual universe model as a periodic lattice (network) with nodes defined by the wave function in a background-independent Hamiltonian based on their relations and interactions. This model gives rise to energy bands, similar to those in semiconductor solid-state models. In this context, valence band holes are described as dark matter particles with a heavy effective mass. The conducting band, with a spontaneously symmetry-breaking energy profile, contains particles with several times lighter effective mass, which can represent luminous matter. Some possible analogies with solid-state physics, such as the comparison between dark and luminous matter, are discussed. Additionally, tiny dark energy, as intrinsic lattice Casimir energy, is calculated for a lattice with a large number of lattice nodes.展开更多
Fast Radio Bursts from far away galaxies have travelled through the IGM and provide a tool to study its composition. Presently there are 23 FRB’s whose host galaxies have been identified and the redshift found. This ...Fast Radio Bursts from far away galaxies have travelled through the IGM and provide a tool to study its composition. Presently there are 23 FRB’s whose host galaxies have been identified and the redshift found. This gives us the opportunity to test Dispersion Measure versus redshift predictions made by two models. The Macquart relation for an expanding Universe and the New Tired Light relationship in a static universe. In New Tired Light, redshifts are produced when a photon is absorbed and re-emitted by the electrons in the IGM which recoil on both occasions. Some of the energy of the photon has been transferred to the kinetic energy of the recoiling electron. The photon has less energy, a lower frequency and a longer wavelength. It has been redshifted. Since dispersion is due to an interaction between radio signals and these same electrons one would expect a direct relationship between DM and redshift in the New Tired light model. The relation is DM=(mec/2hre)ln(1+z)and contains no adjustable parameters—just a combination of universal constants related to the electron and photon. Notice that the relation is independent of the electron number density ne since a change in ne affects both the DM and redshift equally. A graph of DM versus ln(1 + z) will be a straight line of gradient (mec/2hre)and, using SI units, substituting for the constants gives 7.318 × 1025 m−2. Using the data from the 23 well localized FRB’s, with the weighting of the DM’s for expansion removed (so that the data corresponds to a static universe), a graph of DM versus ln(1 + z) has a gradient of 6.7 × 1025 m−2—9% below the predicted (mec/2hre). The Macquart relation involves highly processed data and adjustable parameters to allow for “dark energy” and “dark matter” (neither of which has yet been found) and can be reduced to DM = 850z (in units of pc∙cm−3). Using the data from this set of localized FRB’s gives a trendline with gradient 1.10 × 103 pc∙cm−3—almost 30% higher than that predicted in an expanding universe model. The FRB data clearly comes down in favour of a static universe rather than an expanding one. Combining the DM-z relationship for the 23 well localized FRB’s, with the Hubble diagram, drawn using the NED-D compilation of redshift independent extragalactic distances, produces a value of “ne” the mean electron number density of the IGM, of ne=0.48 m−3close to the value ne=0.5 m−3, long since predicted by NTL.展开更多
Why cannot Newton’s theory of gravitation be used to describe the motion of micro particles? This article summarizes and clarifies that Newton’s theory of gravitation is subjectively a statistical description for na...Why cannot Newton’s theory of gravitation be used to describe the motion of micro particles? This article summarizes and clarifies that Newton’s theory of gravitation is subjectively a statistical description for natural phenomena, while its essence is the expansion tendency of particles in the new universe formed after the orthogonal collision (the Big Bang) of objects in the old universe. The new particles formed by the Big Bang exhibit the accelerating expansion and local convergence in the spacetime of the new universe. The force of the accelerating expansion for the new particles comes from the shear stress produced by the orthogonal collision. There is only a one-way conversion from the mass in the old universe to the energy in the new universe without any exchange of information between them. Orthogonal collision forms maximum energy density and accelerates motion of new particles. The theory that orthogonal collision produces a new universe can be used to explain the phenomena of three scales. On the cosmic scale, it can explain the Big Bang, the early celestial formation, and their movements. On the macro scale, it can explain the early Earth’s surface mountain uplift and current atmospheric vortices. At the micro scale, it can explain aurora and other astronomical optical phenomena as well as the generation of new particles. The idea of orthogonal collision attempts to use shear stress and particle potential energy to find a theory of everything that can fully explain all aspects of the universe.展开更多
Bayesian inference model is an optimal processing of incomplete information that, more than other models, better captures the way in which any decision-maker learns and updates his degree of rational beliefs about pos...Bayesian inference model is an optimal processing of incomplete information that, more than other models, better captures the way in which any decision-maker learns and updates his degree of rational beliefs about possible states of nature, in order to make a better judgment while taking new evidence into account. Such a scientific model proposed for the general theory of decision-making, like all others in general, whether in statistics, economics, operations research, A.I., data science or applied mathematics, regardless of whether they are time-dependent, have in common a theoretical basis that is axiomatized by relying on related concepts of a universe of possibles, especially the so-called universe (or the world), the state of nature (or the state of the world), when formulated explicitly. The issue of where to stand as an observer or a decision-maker to reframe such a universe of possibles together with a partition structure of knowledge (i.e. semantic formalisms), including a copy of itself as it was initially while generalizing it, is not addressed. Memory being the substratum, whether human or artificial, wherein everything stands, to date, even the theoretical possibility of such an operation of self-inclusion is prohibited by pure mathematics. We make this blind spot come to light through a counter-example (namely Archimedes’ Eureka experiment) and explore novel theoretical foundations, fitting better with a quantum form than with fuzzy modeling, to deal with more than a reference universe of possibles. This could open up a new path of investigation for the general theory of decision-making, as well as for Artificial Intelligence, often considered as the science of the imitation of human abilities, while being also the science of knowledge representation and the science of concept formation and reasoning.展开更多
背景随着人口老龄化加深,失能成为老年人较突出的健康问题之一。我国老年慢性病群体庞大,且有多病共存特点,存在巨大的失能风险,而既往失能率研究结果不一。目的系统评价中国老年慢性病患者失能状况。方法计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Web...背景随着人口老龄化加深,失能成为老年人较突出的健康问题之一。我国老年慢性病群体庞大,且有多病共存特点,存在巨大的失能风险,而既往失能率研究结果不一。目的系统评价中国老年慢性病患者失能状况。方法计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、Scopus、中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据知识服务平台、维普中文科技期刊库(VIP)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中华医学期刊全文数据库共计10个数据库中关于中国老年慢性病患者失能状况的观察性研究,检索时限截至2023年8月。由2名研究者独立进行文献筛选、数据提取及质量评价,采用Stata 16.0软件对纳入文献进行Meta分析。结果共纳入32篇文献(34项研究),样本量为221~16566例,失能率为6.9%~82.8%。Meta分析结果表明,老年慢性病患者失能率为43.2%(95%CI=32.9%~53.5%)。亚组分析结果表明,女性失能率(36.6%,95%CI=27.0%~46.2%)高于男性(33.9%,95%CI=23.9%~43.9%);年龄越大,失能率越高(60~69岁:24.2%,95%CI=14.3%~34.0%;70~79岁:34.9%,95%CI=24.1%~45.7%;≥80岁:47.7%,95%CI=36.3%~59.1%);患慢性病种类失能率位列前3的为痴呆/帕金森病(56.3%,95%CI=40.9%~71.7%)、精神疾病(53.9%,95%CI=46.0%~61.7%)、脑血管疾病(49.2%,95%CI=33.5%~64.8%);老年人群失能率随合并慢性病种数增多而增高(1种:33.1%,95%CI=20.8%~45.3%;2种:36.3%,95%CI=22.6%~50.0%;≥3种:49.7%,95%CI=31.3%~68.0%)。结论我国老年慢性病人群失能率较高,慢性病种类和患病数量均对失能率有影响。建议加强对老年慢性病人群的监测和管理,以预防和减少失能的发生,促进健康老龄化。展开更多
The article collectively proposes a revolutionary perspective on the universe, intertwining concepts of time, spatial positioning, and cosmic dynamics. We introduce the idea of a rotating universe centered around Mega...The article collectively proposes a revolutionary perspective on the universe, intertwining concepts of time, spatial positioning, and cosmic dynamics. We introduce the idea of a rotating universe centered around Mega Central Energy Pools (MCEPs), where time varies relative to the distance from the universe’s center, potentially enabling time travel. This model challenges conventional notions of time and cosmology, suggesting that black holes and white holes act as cosmic recycling factories. Additionally, this model unveils a novel theory of dark matter, positing photons as its constituents and highlighting their role in energy transfer across the cosmos. Furthermore, the investigation into Venus’s unique day-length-to-year-length ratio unveils a microscopic mechanism involving swirling energy droplets, charged particles, and field interactions, offering insights into planetary dynamics on both micro and macro scales.展开更多
The black hole model of the Universe evolution, accompanied by matter creation, already successfully accounting for many features of the past is discussed and further justified. It is once more stressed that even a ve...The black hole model of the Universe evolution, accompanied by matter creation, already successfully accounting for many features of the past is discussed and further justified. It is once more stressed that even a very large object but with a big mass is in its own right a black hole. As a consequence, the extrapolation of the past predicts for the future no big crunch, nor big bounce but a steady expansion with smaller matter density.展开更多
背景遗尿症是儿科常见疾病之一,近年来,遗尿症对儿童青少年身心健康造成了极大的威胁,严重影响患儿的生活质量,给社会和家庭带来严重的负担。目前,关于儿童青少年遗尿症的影响因素还存在争议,且国内外鲜见相关的系统评价。目的利用Meta...背景遗尿症是儿科常见疾病之一,近年来,遗尿症对儿童青少年身心健康造成了极大的威胁,严重影响患儿的生活质量,给社会和家庭带来严重的负担。目前,关于儿童青少年遗尿症的影响因素还存在争议,且国内外鲜见相关的系统评价。目的利用Meta分析探讨国内儿童青少年遗尿症的患病率和影响因素。方法计算机检索中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据知识服务平台(Wanfang Data)、维普网(VIP)、中国生物医学文献服务系统(SinoMed)、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library数据库中的相关研究,检索时间从建库至2024年5月。由2名研究者独立筛选并交叉核对,横断面研究采用美国医疗保健研究与质量机构进行评估,采用Stata17.0软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入27篇文献,包括243530例患儿。Meta分析结果显示,中国儿童青少年遗尿症患病率为6.1%(95%CI=5.1%~7.2%),其中,男性(OR=1.52,95%CI=1.41~1.64)、遗尿症家族史(OR=3.46,95%CI=2.01~5.93)、便秘(OR=2.32,95%CI=1.59~3.40)、尿路感染史(OR=2.33,95%CI=1.81~3.01)、睡眠障碍(OR=2.01,95%CI=1.10~3.67)、尿频(OR=1.90,95%CI=1.43~2.52)、尿急(OR=1.67,95%CI=1.31~2.12)、尿失禁(OR=4.85,95%CI=2.78~8.45)是儿童青少年遗尿症的危险因素(P<0.05);排尿训练(OR=0.11,95%CI=0.02~0.46)是儿童青少年遗尿症的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论中国儿童青少年遗尿症患病率较高,性别、遗尿症家族史、便秘、尿路感染史、排尿训练、睡眠障碍、尿频、尿急、尿失禁是儿童青少年遗尿症的主要影响因素。因此,未来应对儿童青少年遗尿症进行早期识别和干预,提高家长对遗尿症的重视,做好疾病宣教普及,减少遗尿症患病率,提高患儿及家庭生活质量。展开更多
The main aim of the paper is to present (and at the same time offer) a differ-ent perspective for the analysis of the accelerated expansion of the Universe. A perspective that can surely be considered as being “in pa...The main aim of the paper is to present (and at the same time offer) a differ-ent perspective for the analysis of the accelerated expansion of the Universe. A perspective that can surely be considered as being “in parallel” to the tradition-al ones, such as those based, for example, on the hypotheses of “Dark Matter” and “Dark Energy”, or better as a “com-possible” perspective, because it is not understood as being “exclusive”. In fact, it is an approach that, when con-firmed by experimental results, always keeps its validity from an “operative” point of view. This is because, in analogy to the traditional perspectives, on the basis of Popper’s Falsification Principle the corresponding “Generative” Logic on which it is based has not the property of the perfect induction. The basic difference then only consists in the fact that the Evolution of the Universe is now modeled by considering the Universe as a Self-Organizing System, which is thus analyzed in the light of the Maximum Ordinality Principle.展开更多
The two universes multi-granularity fuzzy rough set model is an effective tool for handling uncertainty problems between two domains with the help of binary fuzzy relations. This article applies the idea of neighborho...The two universes multi-granularity fuzzy rough set model is an effective tool for handling uncertainty problems between two domains with the help of binary fuzzy relations. This article applies the idea of neighborhood rough sets to two universes multi-granularity fuzzy rough sets, and discusses the two-universes multi-granularity neighborhood fuzzy rough set model. Firstly, the upper and lower approximation operators are defined in the two universes multi-granularity neighborhood fuzzy rough set model. Secondly, the properties of the upper and lower approximation operators are discussed. Finally, the properties of the two universes multi-granularity neighborhood fuzzy rough set model are verified through case studies.展开更多
文摘目的:颈前路减压融合术是治疗退行性颈椎病的经典手术方式,钉板的使用增加了融合率及稳定性的同时,间接导致了邻近椎体退变和术后吞咽困难的发生。文章通过Meta分析方法比较ROI-C^(TM)自锁系统和传统融合器联合钉板内固定治疗退行性颈椎病患者的临床结果和并发症情况,为颈前路减压融合术中内固定方式的选择提供循证学支持。方法:检索中国知网、万方、维普、PubMed、Cochrane Library、Web of Science和Embase数据库,检索关于颈前路减压融合术中应用ROI-C^(TM)自锁系统与融合器联合钉板内固定治疗退行性颈椎病的中英文文献。检索时间范围为各数据库建库至2023年7月。由2名研究者严格按照纳入与排除标准选择文献,采用Cochrane偏倚风险工具对随机对照试验进行质量评价,NOS量表对队列研究进行质量评价。采用RevMan 5.4软件进行Meta分析。结局指标包括手术时间、术中出血量、日本骨科协会(Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scores,JOA)评分、颈椎功能障碍指数、C_(2)-C_(7)Cobb角、融合率、邻近椎体退变发生率、融合器沉降率和吞咽困难发生率。结果:共纳入13项研究,其中回顾性队列研究11项,随机对照试验2项,共1136例患者,ROI-C组569例,融合器联合钉板组567例。Meta分析结果显示:ROI-C组与融合器联合钉板组在手术时间(MD=-15.52,95%CI:-18.62至-12.42,P<0.00001),术中出血量(MD=-24.53,95%CI:-32.46至-16.61,P<0.00001),术后邻近节段退变率(RR=0.40,95%CI:0.27-0.60,P<0.00001)和术后总吞咽困难发生率(RR=0.18,95%CI:0.13-0.26,P<0.00001)均具有显著性差异。两者在术后JOA评分、颈椎功能障碍指数、C_(2)-C_(7)Cobb角、融合率和融合器沉降率方面无显著性差异(P≥0.05)。结论:在颈椎前路减压融合术中应用ROI-C^(TM)自锁系统与传统融合器联合钉板内固定治疗退行性颈椎病均可达到满意的临床效果,ROI-C^(TM)自锁系统操作更加简单,相比融合器联合钉板内固定能明显减少手术时间及术中出血量,在减少术后吞咽困难及邻近节段退变发生率等方面具有明显优势,对于跳跃型颈椎病及邻椎病翻修患者,更加推荐使用ROI-C^(TM)自锁系统。但鉴于其可能存在较高的沉降率,对于多节段且合并融合器沉降高危因素如骨质疏松、椎体终板破损的退行性颈椎病患者,仍建议使用融合器联合钉板内固定。
文摘目的:神经肌肉训练是近年来较新的一种综合康复治疗方法,对膝骨关节炎的疗效尚存在争议。此次研究通过系统Meta分析评价神经肌肉训练治疗膝骨关节炎的临床疗效。方法:全面检索中国知网、维普、万方、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、EBSCO和Embase文献数据库中有关神经肌肉训练治疗膝骨关节炎的临床随机对照试验,时间从各数据库建库至2023年10月,神经肌肉训练组(试验组)使用神经肌肉训练或以神经肌肉训练为主要干预方式;对照组为空白组或采用常规康复治疗。结局指标包括西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数评分(The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index,WOMAC)、行走计时、膝关节稳定性、30 s内膝关节最大弯曲次数。采用Cochrane偏倚风险评估工具和物理治疗证据数据库量表确定纳入文献质量,使用RevMan5.4软件进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入11项临床随机对照试验,纳入样本量628例。Meta分析结果显示:①WOMAC疼痛评分试验组优于对照组(SMD=0.38,95%CI:0.08-0.69,P=0.01);②膝关节稳定性和30s内膝关节最大弯曲次数试验组均优于对照组(膝关节稳定性:SMD=0.57,95%CI:0.23-0.92,P=0.001;30 s内膝关节最大弯曲次数:SMD=0.35,95%CI:0.05-0.65,P=0.02);两组均可提高膝骨关节炎患者行走速度,改善行走能力,但差异无显著性意义(行走计时:SMD=-0.22,95%CI:-0.48-0.03,P=0.09);③WOMAC身体功能评分试验组优于对照组(SMD=-0.79,95%CI:-1.30至-0.28,P=0.002)。结论:神经肌肉训练可以有效改善膝骨关节炎患者的疼痛,增强膝关节稳定性,促进功能恢复,但仍需要更多高质量随机对照试验进一步研究证实。
文摘This article explores the dead universe theory as a novel interpretation for the origin and evolution of the universe, suggesting that our cosmos may have originated from the remnants of a preceding universe. This perspective challenges the conventional Big Bang theory, particularly concerning dark matter, the expansion of the universe, and the interpretation of phenomena such as gravitational waves.
文摘Olbers’s paradox, known as the dark night paradox, is an argument in astrophysics that the darkness of the night sky conflicts with the assumption of an infinite and eternal static universe. Big-Bang theory was used to partially explain this paradox, while introducing new problems. Hereby, we propose a better theory, named Sun Matters Theory, to explain this paradox. Moreover, this unique theory supports and extended the Einstein’s static universe model proposed by Albert Einstein in 1917. Further, we proposed our new universe model, “Sun Model of Universe”. Based on the new model and novel theory, we generated innovative field equation by upgrading Einstein’s Field Equation through adding back the cosmological constant, introducing a new variable and modifying the gravitationally-related concepts. According to the Sun Model of Universe, the dark matter and dark energy comprise the so-called “Sun Matters”. The observed phenomenon like the red shift is explained as due to the interaction of ordinary light with Sun Matters leading to its energy and frequency decrease. In Sun Model, our big universe consists of many universes with ordinary matter at the core mixed and surrounded with the Sun Matters. In those universes, the laws of physics may be completely or partially different from that of our ordinary universe with parallel civilizations. The darkness of night can be easily explained as resulting from the interaction of light with the Sun Matters leading to the sharp decrease in the light intensity. Sun Matters also scatter the light from a star, which makes it shining as observed by Hubble. Further, there is a kind of Sun Matters named “Sun Waters”, surrounding every starts. When lights pass by the sun, the Sun Waters deflect the lights to bend the light path. According to the Sun Model, it is the light bent not the space bent that was proposed in the theory of relativities.
文摘The article considers a conceptual universe model as a periodic lattice (network) with nodes defined by the wave function in a background-independent Hamiltonian based on their relations and interactions. This model gives rise to energy bands, similar to those in semiconductor solid-state models. In this context, valence band holes are described as dark matter particles with a heavy effective mass. The conducting band, with a spontaneously symmetry-breaking energy profile, contains particles with several times lighter effective mass, which can represent luminous matter. Some possible analogies with solid-state physics, such as the comparison between dark and luminous matter, are discussed. Additionally, tiny dark energy, as intrinsic lattice Casimir energy, is calculated for a lattice with a large number of lattice nodes.
文摘Fast Radio Bursts from far away galaxies have travelled through the IGM and provide a tool to study its composition. Presently there are 23 FRB’s whose host galaxies have been identified and the redshift found. This gives us the opportunity to test Dispersion Measure versus redshift predictions made by two models. The Macquart relation for an expanding Universe and the New Tired Light relationship in a static universe. In New Tired Light, redshifts are produced when a photon is absorbed and re-emitted by the electrons in the IGM which recoil on both occasions. Some of the energy of the photon has been transferred to the kinetic energy of the recoiling electron. The photon has less energy, a lower frequency and a longer wavelength. It has been redshifted. Since dispersion is due to an interaction between radio signals and these same electrons one would expect a direct relationship between DM and redshift in the New Tired light model. The relation is DM=(mec/2hre)ln(1+z)and contains no adjustable parameters—just a combination of universal constants related to the electron and photon. Notice that the relation is independent of the electron number density ne since a change in ne affects both the DM and redshift equally. A graph of DM versus ln(1 + z) will be a straight line of gradient (mec/2hre)and, using SI units, substituting for the constants gives 7.318 × 1025 m−2. Using the data from the 23 well localized FRB’s, with the weighting of the DM’s for expansion removed (so that the data corresponds to a static universe), a graph of DM versus ln(1 + z) has a gradient of 6.7 × 1025 m−2—9% below the predicted (mec/2hre). The Macquart relation involves highly processed data and adjustable parameters to allow for “dark energy” and “dark matter” (neither of which has yet been found) and can be reduced to DM = 850z (in units of pc∙cm−3). Using the data from this set of localized FRB’s gives a trendline with gradient 1.10 × 103 pc∙cm−3—almost 30% higher than that predicted in an expanding universe model. The FRB data clearly comes down in favour of a static universe rather than an expanding one. Combining the DM-z relationship for the 23 well localized FRB’s, with the Hubble diagram, drawn using the NED-D compilation of redshift independent extragalactic distances, produces a value of “ne” the mean electron number density of the IGM, of ne=0.48 m−3close to the value ne=0.5 m−3, long since predicted by NTL.
文摘Why cannot Newton’s theory of gravitation be used to describe the motion of micro particles? This article summarizes and clarifies that Newton’s theory of gravitation is subjectively a statistical description for natural phenomena, while its essence is the expansion tendency of particles in the new universe formed after the orthogonal collision (the Big Bang) of objects in the old universe. The new particles formed by the Big Bang exhibit the accelerating expansion and local convergence in the spacetime of the new universe. The force of the accelerating expansion for the new particles comes from the shear stress produced by the orthogonal collision. There is only a one-way conversion from the mass in the old universe to the energy in the new universe without any exchange of information between them. Orthogonal collision forms maximum energy density and accelerates motion of new particles. The theory that orthogonal collision produces a new universe can be used to explain the phenomena of three scales. On the cosmic scale, it can explain the Big Bang, the early celestial formation, and their movements. On the macro scale, it can explain the early Earth’s surface mountain uplift and current atmospheric vortices. At the micro scale, it can explain aurora and other astronomical optical phenomena as well as the generation of new particles. The idea of orthogonal collision attempts to use shear stress and particle potential energy to find a theory of everything that can fully explain all aspects of the universe.
文摘Bayesian inference model is an optimal processing of incomplete information that, more than other models, better captures the way in which any decision-maker learns and updates his degree of rational beliefs about possible states of nature, in order to make a better judgment while taking new evidence into account. Such a scientific model proposed for the general theory of decision-making, like all others in general, whether in statistics, economics, operations research, A.I., data science or applied mathematics, regardless of whether they are time-dependent, have in common a theoretical basis that is axiomatized by relying on related concepts of a universe of possibles, especially the so-called universe (or the world), the state of nature (or the state of the world), when formulated explicitly. The issue of where to stand as an observer or a decision-maker to reframe such a universe of possibles together with a partition structure of knowledge (i.e. semantic formalisms), including a copy of itself as it was initially while generalizing it, is not addressed. Memory being the substratum, whether human or artificial, wherein everything stands, to date, even the theoretical possibility of such an operation of self-inclusion is prohibited by pure mathematics. We make this blind spot come to light through a counter-example (namely Archimedes’ Eureka experiment) and explore novel theoretical foundations, fitting better with a quantum form than with fuzzy modeling, to deal with more than a reference universe of possibles. This could open up a new path of investigation for the general theory of decision-making, as well as for Artificial Intelligence, often considered as the science of the imitation of human abilities, while being also the science of knowledge representation and the science of concept formation and reasoning.
文摘背景随着人口老龄化加深,失能成为老年人较突出的健康问题之一。我国老年慢性病群体庞大,且有多病共存特点,存在巨大的失能风险,而既往失能率研究结果不一。目的系统评价中国老年慢性病患者失能状况。方法计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、Scopus、中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据知识服务平台、维普中文科技期刊库(VIP)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中华医学期刊全文数据库共计10个数据库中关于中国老年慢性病患者失能状况的观察性研究,检索时限截至2023年8月。由2名研究者独立进行文献筛选、数据提取及质量评价,采用Stata 16.0软件对纳入文献进行Meta分析。结果共纳入32篇文献(34项研究),样本量为221~16566例,失能率为6.9%~82.8%。Meta分析结果表明,老年慢性病患者失能率为43.2%(95%CI=32.9%~53.5%)。亚组分析结果表明,女性失能率(36.6%,95%CI=27.0%~46.2%)高于男性(33.9%,95%CI=23.9%~43.9%);年龄越大,失能率越高(60~69岁:24.2%,95%CI=14.3%~34.0%;70~79岁:34.9%,95%CI=24.1%~45.7%;≥80岁:47.7%,95%CI=36.3%~59.1%);患慢性病种类失能率位列前3的为痴呆/帕金森病(56.3%,95%CI=40.9%~71.7%)、精神疾病(53.9%,95%CI=46.0%~61.7%)、脑血管疾病(49.2%,95%CI=33.5%~64.8%);老年人群失能率随合并慢性病种数增多而增高(1种:33.1%,95%CI=20.8%~45.3%;2种:36.3%,95%CI=22.6%~50.0%;≥3种:49.7%,95%CI=31.3%~68.0%)。结论我国老年慢性病人群失能率较高,慢性病种类和患病数量均对失能率有影响。建议加强对老年慢性病人群的监测和管理,以预防和减少失能的发生,促进健康老龄化。
文摘The article collectively proposes a revolutionary perspective on the universe, intertwining concepts of time, spatial positioning, and cosmic dynamics. We introduce the idea of a rotating universe centered around Mega Central Energy Pools (MCEPs), where time varies relative to the distance from the universe’s center, potentially enabling time travel. This model challenges conventional notions of time and cosmology, suggesting that black holes and white holes act as cosmic recycling factories. Additionally, this model unveils a novel theory of dark matter, positing photons as its constituents and highlighting their role in energy transfer across the cosmos. Furthermore, the investigation into Venus’s unique day-length-to-year-length ratio unveils a microscopic mechanism involving swirling energy droplets, charged particles, and field interactions, offering insights into planetary dynamics on both micro and macro scales.
文摘The black hole model of the Universe evolution, accompanied by matter creation, already successfully accounting for many features of the past is discussed and further justified. It is once more stressed that even a very large object but with a big mass is in its own right a black hole. As a consequence, the extrapolation of the past predicts for the future no big crunch, nor big bounce but a steady expansion with smaller matter density.
文摘背景遗尿症是儿科常见疾病之一,近年来,遗尿症对儿童青少年身心健康造成了极大的威胁,严重影响患儿的生活质量,给社会和家庭带来严重的负担。目前,关于儿童青少年遗尿症的影响因素还存在争议,且国内外鲜见相关的系统评价。目的利用Meta分析探讨国内儿童青少年遗尿症的患病率和影响因素。方法计算机检索中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据知识服务平台(Wanfang Data)、维普网(VIP)、中国生物医学文献服务系统(SinoMed)、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library数据库中的相关研究,检索时间从建库至2024年5月。由2名研究者独立筛选并交叉核对,横断面研究采用美国医疗保健研究与质量机构进行评估,采用Stata17.0软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入27篇文献,包括243530例患儿。Meta分析结果显示,中国儿童青少年遗尿症患病率为6.1%(95%CI=5.1%~7.2%),其中,男性(OR=1.52,95%CI=1.41~1.64)、遗尿症家族史(OR=3.46,95%CI=2.01~5.93)、便秘(OR=2.32,95%CI=1.59~3.40)、尿路感染史(OR=2.33,95%CI=1.81~3.01)、睡眠障碍(OR=2.01,95%CI=1.10~3.67)、尿频(OR=1.90,95%CI=1.43~2.52)、尿急(OR=1.67,95%CI=1.31~2.12)、尿失禁(OR=4.85,95%CI=2.78~8.45)是儿童青少年遗尿症的危险因素(P<0.05);排尿训练(OR=0.11,95%CI=0.02~0.46)是儿童青少年遗尿症的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论中国儿童青少年遗尿症患病率较高,性别、遗尿症家族史、便秘、尿路感染史、排尿训练、睡眠障碍、尿频、尿急、尿失禁是儿童青少年遗尿症的主要影响因素。因此,未来应对儿童青少年遗尿症进行早期识别和干预,提高家长对遗尿症的重视,做好疾病宣教普及,减少遗尿症患病率,提高患儿及家庭生活质量。
文摘The main aim of the paper is to present (and at the same time offer) a differ-ent perspective for the analysis of the accelerated expansion of the Universe. A perspective that can surely be considered as being “in parallel” to the tradition-al ones, such as those based, for example, on the hypotheses of “Dark Matter” and “Dark Energy”, or better as a “com-possible” perspective, because it is not understood as being “exclusive”. In fact, it is an approach that, when con-firmed by experimental results, always keeps its validity from an “operative” point of view. This is because, in analogy to the traditional perspectives, on the basis of Popper’s Falsification Principle the corresponding “Generative” Logic on which it is based has not the property of the perfect induction. The basic difference then only consists in the fact that the Evolution of the Universe is now modeled by considering the Universe as a Self-Organizing System, which is thus analyzed in the light of the Maximum Ordinality Principle.
文摘The two universes multi-granularity fuzzy rough set model is an effective tool for handling uncertainty problems between two domains with the help of binary fuzzy relations. This article applies the idea of neighborhood rough sets to two universes multi-granularity fuzzy rough sets, and discusses the two-universes multi-granularity neighborhood fuzzy rough set model. Firstly, the upper and lower approximation operators are defined in the two universes multi-granularity neighborhood fuzzy rough set model. Secondly, the properties of the upper and lower approximation operators are discussed. Finally, the properties of the two universes multi-granularity neighborhood fuzzy rough set model are verified through case studies.
