动态联盟中企业建模的Meta-Model

虚拟组织的两个主要组成 :1 )虚拟的办公环境 ,如个体之间不受地理位置限制的电子通讯交流方式和个体之间基于信息技术支持的文件存储、检索或数据处理等系统 .2 )功能虚拟化 ,发展自己的核心业务能力 ,弱项实行外包 ( outsourcing) .因此 ,信息技术和信息系统的有效支持是虚拟企业的重要特征之一 .如何在构建虚拟企业动态联盟的企业建模时 ,考虑整体的信息系统构架值得研究 .文章利用战略依赖 /原理模型等面向目标 ( goal-oriented,GO)的分析方法—OO( object-oriented)方法的延伸 ,研究了虚拟企业动态联盟中企业建模的 Meta-Model。

企业流程重构的Meta-Model建模方法

本文介绍了企业流程重构的经济背景和基本概念．由于企业流程是企业流程重构的核心概念，文中引入了企业流程的定义，并对重构后的企业流程所具有的特点进行了深入的分析．最后本文提出了一种离散数学模型———ｍｅｔａｍｏｄｅｌ建模方法，对企业流程进行数学建模。

Parameter identification and global sensitivity analysis of Xin'anjiang model using meta-modeling approach

Parameter identification, model calibration, and uncertainty quantification are important steps in the model-building process, and are necessary for obtaining credible results and valuable information. Sensitivity analysis of hydrological model is a key step in model uncertainty quantification, which can identify the dominant parameters, reduce the model calibration uncertainty, and enhance the model optimization efficiency. There are, however, some shortcomings in classical approaches, including the long duration of time and high computation cost required to quantitatively assess the sensitivity of a multiple-parameter hydrological model. For this reason, a two-step statistical evaluation framework using global techniques is presented. It is based on （1） a screening method （Morris） for qualitative ranking of parameters, and （2） a variance-based method integrated with a meta-model for quantitative sensitivity analysis, i.e., the Sobol method integrated with the response surface model （RSMSobol）. First, the Morris screening method was used to qualitatively identify the parameters＇ sensitivity, and then ten parameters were selected to quantify the sensitivity indices. Subsequently, the RSMSobol method was used to quantify the sensitivity, i.e., the first-order and total sensitivity indices based on the response surface model （RSM） were calculated. The RSMSobol method can not only quantify the sensitivity, but also reduce the computational cost, with good accuracy compared to the classical approaches. This approach will be effective and reliable in the global sensitivity analysis of a complex large-scale distributed hydrological model.

Conversion between solid and beam element solutions of finite element method based on meta-modeling theory:development and application to a ramp tunnel structure

In this study, a new method for conversion of solid finite element solution to beam finite element solution is developed based on the meta-modeling theory which constructs a model consistent with continuum mechanics. The proposed method is rigorous and efficient compared to a typical conversion method which merely computes surface integration of solid element nodal stresses to obtain cross-sectional forces. The meta-modeling theory ensures the rigorousness of proposed method by defining a proper distance between beam element and solid element solutions in a function space of continuum mechanics. Results of numerical verification test that is conducted with a simple cantilever beam are used to find the proper distance function for this conversion. Time history analysis of the main tunnel structure of a real ramp tunnel is considered as a numerical example for the proposed conversion method. It is shown that cross-sectional forces are readily computed for solid element solution of the main tunnel structure when it is converted to a beam element solution using the proposed method. Further, envelopes of resultant forces which are of primary importance for the purpose of design, are developed for a given ground motion at the end.

Performance Comparison of Two Meta-Model for the Application to Finite Element Model Updating of Structures

To investigate the application of meta-model for finite element( FE) model updating of structures,the performance of two popular meta-model,i. e.,Kriging model and response surface model( RSM),were compared in detail. Firstly,above two kinds of meta-model were introduced briefly. Secondly,some key issues of the application of meta-model to FE model updating of structures were proposed and discussed,and then some advices were presented in order to select a reasonable meta-model for the purpose of updating the FE model of structures. Finally,the procedure of FE model updating based on meta-model was implemented by updating the FE model of a truss bridge model with the measured modal parameters. The results showed that the Kriging model was more proper for FE model updating of complex structures.

Application of experimental design techniques to structural simulation meta-model building using neural network

Neural networks are being used to construct meta-models in numerical simulation of structures.In addition to network structures and training algorithms,training samples also greatly affect the accuracy of neural network models.In this paper,some existing main sampling techniques are evaluated,including techniques based on experimental design theory, random selection,and rotating sampling.First,advantages and disadvantages of each technique are reviewed.Then,seven techniques are used to generate samples for training radial neural networks models for two benchmarks:an antenna model and an aircraft model.Results show that the uniform design,in which the number of samples and mean square error network models are considered,is the best sampling technique for neural network based meta-model building.

Dynamic Meta-Modeling Method to Assess Stochastic Flutter Behavior in Turbomachinery

With increasing design demands of turbomachinery,stochastic flutter behavior has become more prominent and even appears a hazard to reliability and safety.Stochastic flutter assessment is an effective measure to quantify the failure risk and improve aeroelastic stability.However,for complex turbomachinery with multiple dynamic influencing factors(i.e.,aeroengine compressor with time-variant loads),the stochastic flutter assessment is hard to be achieved effectively,since large deviations and inefficient computing will be incurred no matter considering influencing factors at a certain instant or the whole time domain.To improve the assessing efficiency and accuracy of stochastic flutter behavior,a dynamic meta-modeling approach(termed BA-DWTR)is presented with the integration of bat algorithm(BA)and dynamic wavelet tube regression(DWTR).The stochastic flutter assessment of a typical compressor blade is considered as one case to evaluate the proposed approach with respect to condition variabilities and load fluctuations.The evaluation results reveal that the compressor blade has 0.95% probability to induce flutter failure when operating 100% rotative rate at t=170 s.The total temperature at rotor inlet and dynamic operating loads(vibrating frequency and rotative rate)are the primary sensitive parameters on flutter failure probability.Bymethod comparisons,the presented approach is validated to possess high-accuracy and highefficiency in assessing the stochastic flutter behavior for turbomachinery.

Creation of a Meta-Model for the Generation of a Webmapping Application

Our research focuses on creating a meta-model for generating a web mapping application. It was difficult for non-geomatics developers to implement a webmapping application. Indeed, this type of application uses geospatial data that require geomatics skills. For this reason, in order to help non-geomatics developers to set up a webmapping application, we have designed a meta-model that automatically generates a webmapping application using model-driven engineering. The created meta-model is used by non-geomatics developers to explicitly write the concrete syntax specific to the webmapping application using the xtext tool. This concrete syntax is automatically converted into source code using the xtend tool without the intervention of the non-geomatics developers.

An institution theory of formal meta-modelling in graphically extended BNF

Meta-modelling plays an important role in model driven software development. In this paper, a graphic exten- sion of BNF （GEBNF） is proposed to define the abstract syn- tax of graphic modelling languages. From a GEBNF syntax definition, a formal predicate logic language can be induced so that meta-modelling can be performed formally by spec- ifying a predicate on the domain of syntactically valid mod- els. In this paper, we investigate the theoretical foundation of this meta-modelling approach. We formally define the se- mantics of GEBNF and its induced predicate logic languages, then apply Goguen and Burstall＇s institution theory to prove that they form a sound and valid formal specification lan- guage for meta-modelling.

Robust optimization of aircraft weapon delivery trajectory using probability collectives and meta-modeling

Conventional trajectory optimization techniques have been challenged by their inability to handle threats with irregular shapes and the tendency to be sensitive to control variations of aircraft. Aiming to overcome these difficulties, this paper presents an alternative approach for trajectory optimization, where the problem is formulated into a parametric optimization of the maneuver variables under a tactics template framework. To reduce the size of the problem, global sensitivity analysis （GSA） is performed to identify the less-influential maneuver variables. The probability collectives （PC） algorithm, which is well-suited to discrete and discontinuous optimization, is applied to solve the trajectory optimization problem. The robustness of the trajectory is assessed through multiple sampling around the chosen values of the maneuver variables. Meta-models based on radius basis function （RBF） are created for evaluations of the means and deviations of the problem objectives and constraints. To guarantee the approximation accuracy, the meta-models are adaptively updated during optimization. The proposed approach is demonstrated on a typical airground attack mission scenario. Results reveal that the proposed approach is capable of generating robust and optimal trajectories with both accuracy and efficiency.

An enhanced hybrid and adaptive meta-model based global optimization algorithm for engineering optimization problems

Due to the good balance between high efficiency and accuracy, meta-model based optimization algorithm is an important global optimization category and has been widely applied. To better solve the highly nonlinear and computation intensive en- gineering optimization problems, an enhanced hybrid and adaptive meta-model based global optimization （E-HAM） is first proposed in this work. Important region update method （IRU） and different sampling size strategies are proposed in the opti- mization method to enhance the performance. By applying self-moving and scaling strategy, the important region will be up- dated adaptively according to the search results to improve the resulting precision and convergence rate. Rough sampling strategy and intensive sampling strategy are applied at different stages of the optimization to improve the search efficiently and avoid results prematurely gathering in a small design space. The effectiveness of the new optimization algorithm is verified by comparing to six optimization methods with different variables bench mark optimization problems. The E-HAM optimization method is then applied to optimize the design parameters of the practical negative Poisson＇s ratio （NPR） crash box in this work. The results indicate that the proposed E-HAM has high accuracy and efficiency in optimizing the computation intensive prob- lems and can be widely used in engineering industry.

MDA-Based 3G Service Creation Approach and Telecom Service Domain Meta-Model

This paper presents a model-driven 3G service creation approach based on model driven architecture technology. The focus of the paper is the methodology of designing telecommunication service-related meta-model and its profile implementation mechanism. This approach enhances the reusability of applications through separation of service logic models from concrete open application programming interface technologies and implementation technologies.

Prediction meta-models for the responses of a circular tunnel during earthquakes

Three uncertain parameters(peak ground acceleration,soil density,and soil modulus of elasticity)have been studied with regard to their effects on the stability and damage of a circular tunnel during an earthquake.A time history of an actual earthquake in the literature with modification has been adopted in the numerical simulation and analysis of the tunnel responses.Meta-models have been constructed based on an experimental method with quadratic and interaction terms using matlab codes in order to predict the compressive damage,tensile damage,and the overall displacement of the tunnel.The results of the meta-models predicted a highly reasonable response of the tunnel with regard to the maximum principal stresses in the tunnel lining and predicted a remarkable response of the tunnel with respect to the overall displacement of the tunnel.Moreover,the peak ground acceleration was observed to exert the highest effect on the overall displacement of the tunnel,compared to the soil density and soil modulus of elasticity.Furthermore,the metamodels revealed the inverse relationship between the soil modulus of elasticity and the compressive and tensile damages of the tunnel lining.The meta-models exhibited high efficiency of representation of the behavior of the structural system during earthquakes.

Hybrid Meta-Model Based Design Space Differentiation Method for Expensive Problems

In this work,a hybrid meta-model based design space differentiation（HMDSD）method is proposed for practical problems.In the proposed method,an iteratively reduced promising region is constructed using the expensive points,with two different search strategies respectively applied inside and outside the promising region.Besides,the hybrid meta-model strategy applied in the search process makes it possible to solve the complex practical problems.Tested upon a serial of benchmark math functions,the HMDSD method shows great efficiency and search accuracy.On top of that,a practical lightweight design demonstrates its superior performance.

“EII META-MODEL” ON INTEGRATION FRAMEWORK FOR VIABLE ENTERPRISE SYSTEMS——CITY PLANNING METAPHOR BASED ON STRUCTURAL SIMILARITY

Enterprise systems must have the structure to adapt the change of business environment. When rebuilding enterprise system to meet the extended operational boundaries, the concept of IT city planning is applicable and effective. The aim of this paper is to describe the architectural approach from the integrated information infrastructure (In3) standpoint and to propose for applying the 'City Planning' concept for rebuilding 'inter-application spaghetti' enterprise systems. This is mainly because the portion of infrastructure has increased with the change of information systems from centralized systems to distributed and open systems. As enterprise systems have involved heterogeneity or architectural black box in them, it may be required the integration framework (meta-architecture) as a discipline based on heterogeneity that can provide comprehensive view of the enterprise systems. This paper proposes 'EII Meta-model' as the integration framework that can optimize the overall enterprise systems from the IT city planning point of view. EII Meta-model consists of 'Integrated Information Infrastructure Map (In3-Map)', 'Service Framework' and 'IT Scenario'. It would be applicable and effective for the viable enterprise, because it has the mechanism to adapt the change. Finally, we illustrate a case of information system in an online securities company and demonstrate applicability and effectiveness of EII Meta-model to meet their business goals.

Risk analysis for the highly pathogenic avian influenza in China's Mainland using meta-modeling

A logistic model was employed to correlate the outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) with related environmental factors and the migration of birds. Based on MODIS data of the normalized difference vegetation index, environmental factors were considered in generating a probability map with the aid of logistic regression. A Bayesian maximum entropy model was employed to explore the spatial and temporal correlations of HPAI incidence. The results show that proximity to water bodies and national highways was statistically relevant to the occurrence of HPAI. Migratory birds, mainly waterfowl, were important infection sources in HPAI transmission. In addition, the HPAI outbreaks had high spatiotemporal autocorrelation. This epidemic spatial range fluctuated 45 km owing to different distribution patterns of cities and water bodies. Furthermore, two outbreaks were likely to occur with a period of 22 d. The potential risk of occurrence of HPAI in China's Mainland for the period from January 23 to February 17, 2004 was simulated based on these findings, providing a useful meta-model framework for the application of environmental factors in the prediction of HPAI risk.

基于元模型订单的联合作战仿真协同建模机制

研究了不同层次作战实验室协同开展联合作战仿真建模的问题。分析了联合作战仿真建模需求,并运用元模型建模原理及其特点,建立了一种基于元模型订单的联合作战仿真协同建模机制。基于该机制,战役层与战术层作战实验室围绕元模型订单的下发与提交,在统一作战想定下进行了元模型功能分解、参数确定、试验构建和聚合应用等活动,从而实现了联合作战协同建模。以面向海上封锁作战效能评估的联合作战仿真建模为例,验证了该机制的有效性。

基于Meta-SEM的建筑工人安全行为影响机制研究

为梳理建筑工人安全行为的前因变量并分析其影响机制,基于从众动机和计划行为理论,构建了建筑工人安全行为影响机制理论模型,运用元分析-结构方程模型(Meta-Structural Equation Modeling,Meta-SEM)法对国内外64项实证研究中的128个独立样本进行系统分析,以明确各前因变量与建筑工人安全行为的相互作用关系并探讨企业规模的调节作用。结果表明:在个体层面,安全意识、安全态度、安全动机与建筑工人安全行为的相关系数分别为0.663、0.513、0.509;在组织管理层面,安全氛围与建筑工人安全行为的相关系数为0.678;安全意识、安全态度、安全动机是安全氛围与建筑工人安全行为之间的中介变量;企业规模对安全意识、安全动机、安全氛围与建筑工人安全行为的关系间存在显著调节作用,其中,中小型企业的影响更显著。研究结论可为后续建筑工人安全行为研究提供一定的理论基础,也为建筑业管理者提供了管理依据。