Joint Association of Metabolic Health and Obesity with Ten-Year Risk of Cardiovascular Disease among Chinese Adults

Objective This study aims to investigate the association of metabolic phenotypes that are jointly determined by body mass index(BMI)or fat mass percentage and metabolic health status with the tenyear risk of cardiovascular disease(CVD)among Chinese adults.Methods Data were obtained from a cross-sectional study.BMI and body fat mass percentage(FMP)combined with the metabolic status were used to define metabolic phenotypes.Multiple linear regression and logistic regression were used to examine the effects of metabolic phenotypes on CVD risk.Results A total of 13,239 adults aged 34-75 years were included in this study.Compared with the metabolically healthy non-obese(MHNO)phenotype,the metabolically unhealthy non-obese(MUNO)and metabolically unhealthy obese(MUO)phenotypes defined by BMI showed a higher CVD risk[odds ratio,OR(95% confidence interval,CI):2.34(1.89-2.89),3.45(2.50-4.75),respectively],after adjusting for the covariates.The MUNO and MUO phenotypes defined by FMP showed a higher CVD risk[OR(95%CI):2.31(1.85-2.88),2.63(1.98-3.48),respectively]than the MHNO phenotype.The metabolically healthy obese phenotype,regardless of being defined by BMI or FMP,showed no CVD risk compared with the MHNO phenotype.Conclusion General obesity without central obesity does not increase CVD risk in metabolically healthy individuals.FMP might be a more meaningful factor for the evaluation of the association of obesity with CVD risk.Obesity and metabolic status have a synergistic effect on CVD risk.

Associations between obesity and metabolic health with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in elderly Chinese

Background:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is closely associated with obesity.However,this association could be influenced by the coexisting metabolic abnormalities.This study aimed to investigate the role of obesity and metabolic abnormalities in NAFLD among elderly Chinese.Methods:A cross-sectional study was performed among elderly residents who took their annual health checkups during 2016 in Keqiao District,Shaoxing,China.Results:A total of 3359 elderly adults were retrospectively included in this study.The overall prevalence of NAFLD was 28.7%.The prevalence of NAFLD were 7.14%,27.92%,34.80%,and 61.02%in participants with metabolically healthy normal weight(MHNW),metabolically abnormal normal weight(MANW),metabolically healthy obese(MHO),and metabolically abnormal obese(MAO),respectively.NAFLD patients in MHO group had more unfavorable metabolic profiles than those in MHNW group.Logistic regression analysis showed that sex,body mass index(BMI),fasting blood glucose,and serum uric acid were the risk factors of NAFLD.Conclusions:Both obesity and metabolic health were significantly associated with NAFLD in elderly Chinese.Screening for obesity and other metabolic abnormalities should be routinely performed for early risk stratification of NAFLD.

Inter-tissue communication of mitochondrial stress and metabolic health

Mitochondria function as a hub of the cellular metabolic network.Mitochondrial stress is closely associated with aging and a variety of diseases,including neurodegeneration and cancer.Cells autonomously elicit specific stress responses to cope with mitochondrial stress to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis.Interestingly,mitochondrial stress responses may also be induced in a non-autonomous manner in cells or tissues that are not directly experiencing such stress.Such non-autonomous mitochondrial stress responses are mediated by secreted molecules called mitokines.Due to their significant translational potential in improving human metabolic health,there has been a surge in mitokine-focused research.In this review,we summarize the findings regarding inter-tissue communication of mitochondrial stress in animal models.In addition,we discuss the possibility of mitokine-mediated intercellular mitochondrial communication originating from bacterial quorum sensing.

Selenoprotein P1 as a biomarker of insulin resistance in pediatric obesity:Insights and implications

This editorial discusses the findings of Elbarky et al on the role of selenoprotein P1(SEPP1)in pediatric obesity and insulin resistance.Their study uncovered si-gnificantly lower SEPP1 Levels in children who were obese compared with hea-lthy peers,demonstrating a negative correlation between SEPP1 levels and mea-sures of adiposity and insulin resistance.These findings suggest that SEPP1 is a biomarker useful in the early identification of insulin resistance in pediatric populations.This editorial emphasizes the clinical implications of the study and calls for further research to validate and explore the role of SEPP1 in metabolic health.

Visceral adiposity index,cardiorespiratory fitness,and fasting plasma glucose associations in adolescents

BACKGROUND The global rise in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)in children and adolescents is partly linked to the increasing rates of childhood obesity and physical inactivity.AIM To explore the independent relationships of visceral adiposity index(VAI)and cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)with fasting plasma glucose(FPG)in adolescents.METHODS This descriptive cross-sectional study included 403 adolescents(202 boys and 201 girls)aged 11-19 years.Participants were evaluated for VAI,CRF,and FPG.Regression models,adjusted for age and maturity status,were used to assess the associations between VAI,CRF,and FPG.RESULTS The prevalence of T2DM risk was 15.3%(girls=7.4%;boys=7.9%).In boys,high VAI was positively associated with FPG(β=0.190,P=0.009),while low CRF was negatively associated with FPG(β=-0.206,P=0.010).These associations persisted even after adjusting for CRF and VAI.However,no significant associations between VAI,CRF,and FPG were observed in girls(P>0.05).Adolescents with high VAI and low fitness levels demonstrated poorer glycemic profiles.CONCLUSION Among boys,both VAI and CRF were independently associated with T2DM risk,with CRF showing a stronger association.These associations were not observed in girls.Promoting regular aerobic exercise and healthy diets may serve as essential public health promotion strategies in preventing and managing T2DM risk in adolescents.

Enhancement in Bioavailability of CurCousin®, A Minor Metabolite from Curcuma longa by Addition of BioPerine® —A Pharmacokinetic Study

In recent years, metabolic syndrome has been a growing health concern across the world. The role of nutraceuticals and functional foods in this area has a significant place due to the adverse effects of contemporary modes of treatment. CurCousin® is a nutritional ingredient containing bioactive Calebin A, (analog of Curcumin) with self-affirmed GRAS status. CurCousin® has been a clinically studied dietary supplement ingredient with a positive impact on body weight, lipid levels and metabolic health. Bioenhancers play an important role in increasing the bioavailability of the active in turn enhancing efficacy as well as reducing the dosage required to achieve the therapeutic effect. This study investigated the possible pharmacokinetic interaction between CurCousin® at two different doses (2.25 and 4.5 mg/kg) in the presence and absence of BioPerine® (0.27 mg/kg), a natural bioenhancer in Sprague-Dawley rats. The results revealed that the addition of BioPerine® into CurCousin® (2.25 mg/kg) half the dose when administered enhances the bioavailability and was equipotent to CurCousin® (4.5 mg/kg) double the dose without BioPerine®. Thus, leading to future clinical studies to evaluate its improved pharmacological efficacy as well as reduced therapeutic dosage.

Ideal cardiovascular health and mortality:pooled results of three prospective cohorts in Chinese adults

Background: Evidence on the relations of the American Heart Association’s ideal cardiovascular health (ICH) with mortality in Asians is sparse, and the interaction between behavioral and medical metrics remained unclear. We aimed to fill the gaps. Methods: A total of 198,164 participants without cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) were included from the China Kadoorie Biobank study (2004-2018), Dongfeng-Tongji cohort (2008-2018), and Kailuan study (2006-2019). Four behaviors (i.e., smoking, physical activity, diet, body mass index) and three medical factors (i.e., blood pressure, blood glucose, and blood lipid) were classified into poor, intermediate, and ideal levels (0, 1, and 2 points), which constituted 8-point behavioral, 6-point medical, and 14-point ICH scores. Results of Cox regression from three cohorts were pooled using random-effects models of meta-analysis. Results: During about 2 million person-years, 20,176 deaths were recorded. After controlling for demographic characteristics and alcohol drinking, hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) comparing ICH scores of 10-14 vs. 0-6 were 0.52 (0.41-0.67), 0.44 (0.37-0.53), 0.54 (0.45-0.66), and 0.86 (0.64-1.14) for all-cause, CVD, respiratory, and cancer mortality. A higher behavioral or medical score was independently associated with lower all-cause and CVD mortality among the total population and populations with different levels of behavioral or medical health equally, and no interaction was observed. Conclusions: ICH was associated with lower all-cause, CVD, and respiratory mortality among Chinese adults. Both behavioral and medical health should be improved to prevent premature deaths.