Chebyshev polynomial-based Ritz method for thermal buckling and free vibration behaviors of metal foam beams

This study presents the Chebyshev polynomials-based Ritz method to examine the thermal buckling and free vibration characteristics of metal foam beams.The analyses include three models for porosity distribution and two scenarios for thermal distribution.The material properties are assessed under two conditions,i.e.,temperature dependence and temperature independence.The theoretical framework for the beams is based on the higher-order shear deformation theory,which incorporates shear deformations with higher-order polynomials.The governing equations are established from the Lagrange equations,and the beam displacement fields are approximated by the Chebyshev polynomials.Numerical simulations are performed to evaluate the effects of thermal load,slenderness,boundary condition(BC),and porosity distribution on the buckling and vibration behaviors of metal foam beams.The findings highlight the significant influence of temperature-dependent(TD)material properties on metal foam beams'buckling and vibration responses.

Focused electron beam transport through a long narrow metal tube at elevated pressures in the forevacuum range

We present here our investigations of the features of focused electron beam transport in free space at elevated pressures of a few pascals.We have explored the effect of the beam accelerating voltage,operating gas pressure,and magnetic focusing upon the trajectory of beam electrons in the crossover region,in particular on the beam convergence and divergence angles.It is shown that for the forevacuum pressure range of 2-5 Pa explored,a distinctive feature of the propagation of a focused electron beam with a current of up to 20 mA at an accelerating voltage of 10-20 kV is the difference in the angles of convergence(before the focus)and divergence(after the focus).Whereas at a low pressure of 2 Pa the divergence angle is smaller than the convergence angle,as the pressure increases the divergence angle increases and for pressures greater than 5 Pa the divergence angle is greater than the convergence angle.The results obtained were used in experiments on electron beam transport through a long narrow metal tube with a diameter of 5.8-9.2 mm and length of 10-30 cm.We show that for a 30 cm long tube of 7.5 mm diameter,the focused beam transmission can exceed 70%.

A plastic indentation model for sandwich beams with metallic foam cores

Light weight high performance sandwich composite structures have been used extensively in various load bearing applications.Experiments have shown that the indentation significantly reduces the load bearing capacity of sandwiched beams.In this paper,the indentation behavior of foam core sandwich beams without considering the globally axial and flexural deformation was analyzed using the principle of virtual velocities.A concisely theoretical solution of loading capacity and denting profile was presented.The denting load was found to be proportional to the square root of the denting depth.A finite element model was established to verify the prediction of the model.The load-indentation curves and the profiles of the dented zone predicted by theoretical model and numerical simulation are in good agreement.

Optimal design of sub-wavelength metal rectangular gratings for polarizing beam splitter based on effective medium theory

A novel optimal design of sub-wavelength metal rectangular gratings for the polarizing beam splitter （PBS） is proposed. The method is based on effective medium theory and the method of designing single layer antireflection coating. The polarization performance of PBS is discussed by rigorous couple-wave analysis （RCWA） method at a wavelength of 1550 nm. The result shows that sub-wavelength metal rectangular grating is characterized by a high reflectivity, like metal films for TE polarization, and high transmissivity, like dielectric films for TM polarization. The optimal design accords well with the results simulated by RCWA method.

Analysis of metal transfer during electron beam welding with filler wire

The metal transfer mode of electron beam welding （EBW） with filler wire was studied experimentally. The spatial position between the electron beam and the filler wire was defined. Basing on the charge coupled device （CCD） visual sensing system, the metal transfer mode of filler wire was investigated. The results showed that there were five transfer modes during EBW process due to different wire feed rates and spatial positions between beam and filler wire, such as short-circuiting mode, molten metal bridge mode, small droplet mode, big droplet mode and mixed mode. By comparing the weld appearance of different transfer modes, the molten metal bridge transfer was proved to be the best transfer mode.

Effect of cyclotron resonance on ‘hot’ dispersion in a staggered double metallic grating sheet beam travelling wave tube

Based on the beam wave synchronous interaction in transverse and longitudinal directions at the same time and starting from Maxwell’s equation and linear Vlasov equation, the beam–wave interaction ‘hot’ dispersion equation considering both cyclotron resonance and Cherenkov resonance in a staggered double metallic grating traveling wave tube is deduced.Through the reasonable selection for geometric and electrical parameters, the numerical calculation and analysis of the ‘hot’ dispersion equation shows that the beam–wave interaction gain and frequency band with the cyclotron resonance enhancement effect are higher than those with only Cherenkov resonance radiation.

Verification of Beam Models for Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite Actuator

Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite (IPMC) can work as an actuator by applying a few voltages.A thick IPMC actuator,where Nafion-117 membrane was synthesized with polypyrrole/alumina composite filler,was analyzed to verify the equivalent beam and equivalent bimorph beam models.The blocking force and tip displacement of the IPMC actuator were measured with a DC power supply and Young's modulus of the IPMC strip was measured by bending and tensile tests respectively.The calculated maximum tip displacement and the Young's modulus by the equivalent beam model were almost identical to the corresponding measured data.Finite element analysis with thermal analogy technique was utilized in the equivalent bimorph beam model to numerically reproduce the force-displacement relationship of the IPMC actuator.The results by the equivalent bimorph beam model agreed well with the force-displacement relationship acquired by the measured data.It is confirmed that the equivalent beam and equivalent bimorph beam models are practically and effectively suitable for predicting the tip displacement,blocking force and Young's modulus of IPMC actuators with different thickness and different composite of ionic polymer membrane.

Determination of Kinetic Parameters and Metal Ions in Urea-Urease System Based on the Biochemical Reaction Heat Induced Laser Beam Deflection

A new analytical method for the determination of urea-urease system based on biochemical reaction heat induced laser beam deflection is presented in this paper. With the method, the Michaelis constant (K-m) of urease and apparent inhibition constant (K-i) of some metal ion inhibitors were measured respectively. This method was also used for the quantitative determination of metal ions with satisfactory result.

Beam Manipulation by Metallic Nanoslit Arrays with Perpendicular Cuts inside Slits

Beam manipulation by metallic nanoslit arrays with perpendicular cuts inside the slits was investigated numerically.The simulated results performed by the finite element method(FEM)show that perpendicular cuts with different heights can modulate phase retardation of the transmitted light through the slits.With the proper distribution of cut height,a focused beam is achieved in our metallic nanostructure with four-time amplitude at the focus point and half focal length compared to a slit array without cuts inside.By using asymmetric distribution of height amplitude,a beam deflection around 6°can also be realized in our design.

Comparative Study on Microstructures of Zincalume Steel(G550)Welded Joint Between Metal Inert Gas and Laser Beam Welding

Zincalume steel(G550)is commonly used in various construction fields because of its high corrosion resistance and good mechanical properties.In recent years,a number of steel companies have massively produced zincalume steel(G550)with large volumes of waste.For the reduction of massive industrial wastes,the zincalume steel(G550)was welded in the lap joint configuration using different welding parameters in the metal inert gas(MIG)welding and laser beam welding(LBW)process in this study.The MIG welding and LBW are more welcomed welding methods due to their high efficiency and low cost.However,they are different as the LBW offers welding speed three to five times faster than MIG welding,while LBW’s heat transfer to workpieces is much less than MIG welding,which can avoid some distortions.The microstructure of zincalume steel(G550)was investigated using scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and the microstructure characterizations of welded specimens were analyzed.The experiment found the columnar dendrites extended under the heat flow direction during the MIG welding and LBW process.Thus,the columnar grains were formed in between the equiaxed zone and fusion zone(FZ)at high heat input and slow cooling rate.Moreover,the grain size of FZ was comparatively smaller than heat affected zone(HAZ)and base metal(BM).

Aluminum ion beam surface modification of elastic metallic-plastic pads for improving tribological properties

Elastic metallic-plastic pads（EMP） were irradiated by low energy aluminum ion in a metal vapor vacuum arc（MEVVA） 80-10 implantation system. The samples were irradiated with 20keV Al ion with the influx from 1×1015 to 1×1016 Al/cm2. Then the as-irradiated samples were measured by ESCA, XRD, AFM/FFM and a nano-probe. It is found that the hardness of as-irradiated samples is 5-6 times as that of the pristine ones. The worn depth of sample implanted at ion influx of 1×1016 Al/cm2 is about one eighth of that of the pristine sample at the same load. The XRD results show that there are some Al2O3 and AlF3 intermingled with the phase of polytetrafluoroethylene（PTFE）. The experimental results reveal that the tribological properties of EMP can be significantly improved by the ion beam surface modification.

Experimental Investigation on Vibration Reduction Performance of Fiber Metal Laminate Beams with MRE Core

The vibration reduction characteristics of composite beams filled with magnetorheological elastomer core are studied experimentally.The fiber metal laminates with magnetorheological elastomers core is self-designed and prepared.Internal magnetic field is applied to the beam to explore its action of damping vibration performance under the magnetic field for the first time.The composite elements test system with controllable magnetic field intensity is designed and the function of each part is introduced.Then,a set of reasonable and standard vibration test flow of this type of composite beam under different magnetic field intensity is clarified,and the practical test is conducted.It has been found that the composite beam has excellent damping performance with the first 4 damping ratios being greater than 10%.Moreover,after the magnetic field is applied,its damping results can be further improved to meet the active control purpose.

STUDY OF THE FOCUSED ION BEAM AND ITS APPLICATION TO METAL IMPLANTATION MODIFICATION

The properties and designment of the strong focusing lens system and the application to metal modification of gear cutting tools are described. The focused ion beam produced by a special three asymmetric voltage lens has the unique features of short midfocal length, strong focusing and omitted focusing electric power. These properties of strong focusing lens system are due to the application of the high energy ratio of 20 to 50 onto the lens.

基于金属磁记忆的弯曲工字钢梁的力-磁效应

目前,基于金属磁记忆检测技术的受力状态表征及损伤评估应用广泛,但在受弯构件的检测中,弯曲长度及荷载作用位置对检测结果的影响尚不明确。为研究受弯构件的力-磁效应,本工作基于四点弯曲工字钢梁的磁记忆检测,采用考虑初始平面外弯曲和应力与磁化作用角度的力-磁耦合方法,通过COMSOL多物理场仿真软件进行了数值模拟研究,并结合有效场理论分析了钢梁弯曲长度对磁信号的影响,提出了表征损伤及荷载作用位置的磁特征参数。结果表明:检测线磁信号峰-峰值S在钢梁接近屈服状态时显著增大,并在钢梁处于承载能力极限状态时达到最大值;腹板检测线磁信号峰-峰值S_(w)在钢梁屈服和达到最大承载能力时分别随有效段长度的增加呈线性减小和以二次函数的规律减小,而下翼缘检测线磁信号峰-峰值S_(f)在钢梁屈服和达到最大承载能力时均随有效段长度的增加以二次函数的规律减小;根据磁特征参数S_(w)和S_(f)定义了磁损伤指数D和荷载作用系数S_(r),当钢梁所受外加荷载超过其最大承载能力的80%时,可根据D>0.5的特征对钢梁不安全的受力状态进行预警;荷载作用系数S_(r)与钢梁的剪跨比λ近似线性相关,可以表征荷载的作用位置。

高纯金属钪制备研究进展

稀土元素钪是一种重要的稀土元素,广泛应用于合金、陶瓷等结构材料及燃料电池电解质、射频滤波器等功能材料领域。本文以高纯金属钪的制备工艺展开探讨,先后介绍了氟化钪、无水氯化钪的制取方法,然后详细阐述了卤化钪的金属热还原工艺和粗钪高温真空蒸馏提纯中不同杂质的处理方法,接着探讨了金属钪深度除杂相关的区熔、电迁移、真空电子束熔炼技术。最后指出,无水氯化钪镁热还原制备金属钪相比氟化钪钙热还原技术具有温度低、环境友好、成本小等优势。未来,金属钪的制备研究可集中于金属热还原无水氯化钪进行,通过多次高温真空蒸馏和电子束熔炼脱除杂质元素,使高纯金属钪产品纯度达到4 N甚至5 N级别。真空电子束熔炼、接力区熔法等技术在超高纯金属钪及其他稀土金属的制备领域具有广阔的发展前景。

基于双调和插值的锥束CT金属伪影校正算法

在计算机断层扫描(CT)中,金属植入物会引入严重的伪影,导致图像质量降低影响诊断价值。为了对锥束CT中的金属伪影进行校正,提出了一种基于双调和方程的金属伪影校正算法。首先,对含金属伪影的重建图像进行双边滤波和金属阈值分割,获得金属和非金属图像;然后,对二者进行正向投影,获得金属投影区域和先验投影图像;接下来,利用先验投影图像对原始投影进行归一化,并对金属区域进行双调和方程插值修复,获得修复的投影数据;最后,对修复的投影数据去归一化,并利用FDK算法进行重建,再与金属图像融合获得最终的校正图像。为了验证该算法的性能,采用实际拍摄的数据进行金属伪影校正实验。结果表明,与常用的线性插值校正算法和归一化校正算法相比,所提算法ROI区域内图像的均方根误差分别减少了22%和8%,有效地抑制了金属伪影,优于常用的去金属伪影算法。

带裂纹石墨烯增强金属泡沫梁的振动特性研究

分析了带裂纹功能梯度石墨烯增强金属泡沫梁的自由振动.采用Timoshenko梁理论进行建模,裂纹由无质量扭转弹簧模拟,利用Halpin-Tsai微观力学模型预测材料的有效性能.通过哈密顿原理,得到了带裂纹功能梯度石墨烯增强金属泡沫(FG-GPLRMF)梁的运动方程及其边界条件.采用微分变换法分析带裂纹FG-GPLRMF梁的自由振动.结果表明,带裂纹FG-GPLRMF梁的振动特性受到石墨烯几何尺寸、孔隙类型和石墨烯分布的影响显著.

双阶受力干式装配梁-柱节点抗震性能试验研究

研究提出了一种双阶受力干式装配梁-柱节点(DADBJ)。该节点的关键组件是摩擦铰(RFH)和预设缝防屈曲钢板(SBRSP),具备2个受力工作阶段和损伤集中易修复的特性。为了验证DADBJ构造的合理性,揭示其双阶段受力工作机理,设计加工了DADBJ试件,以SBRSP的预设缝隙宽度作为试验变量,进行了2个工况的低周往复拟静力试验。结果表明:提出的DADBJ构造实现了预期的双阶段受力特性,第一阶段由RFH提供节点的力学性能,第二阶段由RFH和SBRSP共同提供节点的力学性能;DADBJ的损伤集中于芯板,通过更换SBRSP芯板对节点快速修复,节点的性能可恢复到初始状态;SBRSP的预设缝隙宽度可直接决定DADBJ第二阶段的启动位移;提出的DADBJ双阶屈服荷载理论公式和二阶启动位移理论公式精确度好。该研究可为装配式框架结构和多阶受力型结构的设计和研究提供参考。

一种电子束熔炼用供料、熔铸拖锭装置研制

电子束熔炼具有高真空、高能量密度、可精准控制等特点,被广泛应用于难熔金属行业。本文依托核工业理化工程研究院电子枪技术和LT102真空装置,设计研制了一套难熔金属电子束熔炼用供料、熔铸拖锭装置。主要阐述了供料、熔铸拖锭装置的设计技术要求,针对难熔金属进行了熔炼功率计算,并对结构设计功能进行了详细介绍。所研制的供料装置具有多工位、换料功能,拖锭装置具备水冷、下拉、旋转功能。最终装配测试的供料、熔铸拖锭装置性能满足设计要求,整体熔炼实验中设备运行良好。

上海市某装配式减震住宅结构设计

上海市某装配式减震住宅项目位于上海市中心城区,项目大规模采用劲性复合桩,解决工程对施工环境、工期、成本等方面的特殊要求。针对项目超限带来的不利影响,在此项目的高层装配整体式剪力墙住宅中采用减震技术,有效降低了地震作用,提高了结构的抗震性能,达到降低材料用量、方便施工的目的。在与金属连梁阻尼器连接的预制剪力墙暗柱中,纵向钢筋采用新型可调节机械连接套筒进行快速连接,确保连接安全可靠。在预制叠合梁设计中,采用新型干法连接节点,有效提升施工进度。主要对上述劲性复合桩、减震设计以及新型连接等关键技术应用进行了阐述分析。项目是运用绿色低碳技术进行结构设计的有益尝试,可为类似项目提供参考。