Objective To examine maternal and fetal exposure levels to four carcinogenic metals, arsenic （As）, cadmium （Cd）, nickel （Ni）, and beryllium （Be）, and to investigate their environmental influences. Methods Meta...Objective To examine maternal and fetal exposure levels to four carcinogenic metals, arsenic （As）, cadmium （Cd）, nickel （Ni）, and beryllium （Be）, and to investigate their environmental influences. Methods Metal concentrations in maternal and umbilical cord blood were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry （ICP-MS）. Environmental factors that might play a role in exposure were analyzed using Mann Whitney nonparametric U-tests and multiple linear regression. Results The concentrations of As, Cd, and Ni in umbilical cord blood （5.41, 0.87, and 139.54 gg/L） were significantly lower than those in maternal blood （6.91, 1.93, and 165.93 p.g/L）. There were significant positive correlations between the maternal and cord concentrations of each carcinogen. Our results showed that： （i） exposures to potentially harmful occupational factors during pregnancy were associated with high levels of maternal As, Cd, and Ni; （ii） living close to major transportation routes （〈500 m） or exposure to second-hand smoke during pregnancy increased the maternal Cd levels and （iii） living close to industrial chimneys induced high maternal Ni levels. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that these environmental factors remained significant in models of the influences of these four carcinogens. Conclusion Both mothers and fetuses had been exposed to As, Cd, Ni, and Be. The increased levels of these carcinogens in pregnant women were associated with some detrimental environmental factors, such as occupational exposure, contact with second-hand smoke and living close to major transportation routes or industrial chimneys.展开更多
用电感耦合等离子体质谱（inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS）测量某海滨城市50例胎儿脐血中铅（Pb）质量浓度,发现Pb超标（＆gt;100μg/L）为8%.根据婴儿母体是否常食用海产品,将50例样品分为常食用海产品（A组）...用电感耦合等离子体质谱（inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS）测量某海滨城市50例胎儿脐血中铅（Pb）质量浓度,发现Pb超标（＆gt;100μg/L）为8%.根据婴儿母体是否常食用海产品,将50例样品分为常食用海产品（A组）、偶尔食用海产品（B组）和极少食用海产品（C组）,用X射线荧光光谱分析（X-ray fluorescence,XRF）测量这3组婴儿毛发中的Pb质量分数,发现婴儿毛发中Pb质量分数具有显著性差异,由高至低依次为A组＆gt;B组＆gt;C组,其相应的脐血Pb质量分数也具有相同特征.同时对婴儿中的溴（Br）质量分数也进行了测量,发现Pb质量分数高的婴儿,其Br质量分数也显著偏高,由于海产品中Br质量分数远高于淡水产品,从另一方面说明,常食用海产品组的婴儿Pb质量分数偏高与母亲食用海产品有关.此外,对同一海滨城市393例儿童（2～11岁）血液中Pb质量分数进行统计学分析,得出Pb超标（〉100μg/L）为8.9%,说明海滨城市Pb污染仍对儿童具有一定的威胁.最后,通过对环境中常见的铅源（PM2.5、大气、油漆和海产品等）及人体摄入状况进行分析比较,认为食用铅污染的海产品是造成海滨城市胎儿铅超标的主要原因之一.展开更多
This study aimed to determine the effect of exposure to heavy metals in pregnant women in Beijing, China. We also evaluated the association of these heavy metals with birth weight and length of newborns. We measured t...This study aimed to determine the effect of exposure to heavy metals in pregnant women in Beijing, China. We also evaluated the association of these heavy metals with birth weight and length of newborns. We measured the levels of 10 heavy metals,including lead(Pb), titanium(Ti), manganese(Mn), nickel(Ni), cadmium(Cd), chromium(Cr), antimony(Sb), stannum(Sn), vanadium(V), and arsenic(As), in 156 maternal and cord blood pairs. An inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method was used for measurement. Pb, As, Ti, Mn, and Sb showed high detection rates(> 50%) in both maternal and cord blood. Fourteen(9%) mothers had blood Pb levels greater than the United States Center for Disease Control allowable threshold limit for children(50 μg/L).In prenatal exposure to these heavy metals, there was no significant association between any heavy metal and birth weight/length. Moreover, we estimated the placental transfer efficiency of each heavy metal, and the median placental transfer efficiency ranged from 49.6%(Ni) to 194%(Mn)(except for Cd and Sn). The level and detection rate of Cd in maternal blood were much higher than that in cord blood, which suggested that Cd had difficulty in passing the placental barrier. Prospective research should focus on the source and risk of heavy metals in non-occupationally exposed pregnant women in Beijing.展开更多
基金supported by a Grant-in Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Grant No.18406026)by the foundation for Scientific Research and Technology,Health Bureau of Dalian(Grant No. 2007-73)
文摘Objective To examine maternal and fetal exposure levels to four carcinogenic metals, arsenic （As）, cadmium （Cd）, nickel （Ni）, and beryllium （Be）, and to investigate their environmental influences. Methods Metal concentrations in maternal and umbilical cord blood were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry （ICP-MS）. Environmental factors that might play a role in exposure were analyzed using Mann Whitney nonparametric U-tests and multiple linear regression. Results The concentrations of As, Cd, and Ni in umbilical cord blood （5.41, 0.87, and 139.54 gg/L） were significantly lower than those in maternal blood （6.91, 1.93, and 165.93 p.g/L）. There were significant positive correlations between the maternal and cord concentrations of each carcinogen. Our results showed that： （i） exposures to potentially harmful occupational factors during pregnancy were associated with high levels of maternal As, Cd, and Ni; （ii） living close to major transportation routes （〈500 m） or exposure to second-hand smoke during pregnancy increased the maternal Cd levels and （iii） living close to industrial chimneys induced high maternal Ni levels. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that these environmental factors remained significant in models of the influences of these four carcinogens. Conclusion Both mothers and fetuses had been exposed to As, Cd, Ni, and Be. The increased levels of these carcinogens in pregnant women were associated with some detrimental environmental factors, such as occupational exposure, contact with second-hand smoke and living close to major transportation routes or industrial chimneys.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21677170)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. XDB14010300)
文摘This study aimed to determine the effect of exposure to heavy metals in pregnant women in Beijing, China. We also evaluated the association of these heavy metals with birth weight and length of newborns. We measured the levels of 10 heavy metals,including lead(Pb), titanium(Ti), manganese(Mn), nickel(Ni), cadmium(Cd), chromium(Cr), antimony(Sb), stannum(Sn), vanadium(V), and arsenic(As), in 156 maternal and cord blood pairs. An inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method was used for measurement. Pb, As, Ti, Mn, and Sb showed high detection rates(> 50%) in both maternal and cord blood. Fourteen(9%) mothers had blood Pb levels greater than the United States Center for Disease Control allowable threshold limit for children(50 μg/L).In prenatal exposure to these heavy metals, there was no significant association between any heavy metal and birth weight/length. Moreover, we estimated the placental transfer efficiency of each heavy metal, and the median placental transfer efficiency ranged from 49.6%(Ni) to 194%(Mn)(except for Cd and Sn). The level and detection rate of Cd in maternal blood were much higher than that in cord blood, which suggested that Cd had difficulty in passing the placental barrier. Prospective research should focus on the source and risk of heavy metals in non-occupationally exposed pregnant women in Beijing.
