CONSTITUTIVE EQUATIONS OF METAL-CORE PIEZOELECTRIC FIBERS

Metal-core piezoelectric fibers （MPFs） are one of the new type piezoelectric devices. To investigate the piezoelectricity and the mechanical properties of the piezoelectric fibers, the constitutive equations are established. It can describe the response of piezoelectric fibers subject to an axial force and an external voltage. A cantilever bar subject to a tip axial force and an external voltage on the electrodes is considered. The internal energy density in thermodynamic equilibrium is obtained. The total internal energy is calculated by integrating over the entire volume of the bar. The generalized displacement of the tip axial force is the tip elongation δ, and the generalized displacement of the voltage is the electrical charge Q on the electrodes. In the established constitutive equations, the excitation （input） parameters are the axial force and the external voltage, the response （output） parameters are the tip elongation and the electric charge. And the response parameters are related to the excitation parameters by a 2× 2 piezoelectric matrix. Finally, two experiments using MPF as a sensor or an actuator are performed to verify the constitutive equations. And experimental results are compared with analytical ones.

Reduction of Vibration Noise for Amorphous Metal Alloy Core Distribution Transformer

To understand the vibration noise behaviors of amorphous metal alloy core distribution transformer(AMACDT), a 10 k VA prototype was tested under no-load and short-circuit conditions, respectively. The vibration characteristics were described when rated voltage was applied to the secondary side, and the primary side was connected with different load resistances. The largest amplitude positions on the upper bracket and tank surfaces were recorded by vibration sensors arranged on the surface. A data-acquisition platform was set up for signal measurement. The vibration amplitude related to frequency was discussed, and experimental results indicated that the position with the largest amplitude accrued in the middle of the upper bracket and tank surface, at phases a and c, respectively. The experimental results suggest that magnetostrictive and electrodynamic forces play a major role in exciting the vibration noise. At the same time, some rib-reinforcements were welded on the upper bracket and tank surfaces to lessen the vibration energy, which reduced the noise.

Heavy metals pollution in sediment cores from the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea

The distribution of metals (Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu, Ni and Zn) was determined in sediment cores collected from five major areas representing different anthropogenic activities along the Jordanian coast during 27 February-11 March 2008. Metal concentrations in these sediments were relatively low compared to reported values from polluted areas. At some of the sites metal concentrations showed fluctuations with depth in the core suggesting changes in metal loading with time. The calculated contamination factors (CFs) for the suite of metals decreased in the following order Cd > Pb > Cr > Ni >Zn > Cu. The Pollution Loading Index (PLI) calculated for the different areas were highest at Phosphate Loading Berth (0.008, 0.2607, 0.0161, 0.007, 47.9375 and 0.0296 for Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn, Cd and Cr, respectively) and lowest at Hotel Area (0.0001, 0.0075, 0.0008, 0.0006, 1.0483 and 0.0005 for Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn, Cd and Cr, respectively) with others sites between these extremes. Result of this study could be used to assess the magnitude of pollution at each site and guide rational management decisions. Moreover, the data constitutes a baseline against which future anthropogenic effects can be assessed.

Electrocatalysts based on metal@carbon core@shell nanocomposites:An overview

Developing low-cost, high-performance catalysts is of fundamental significance for electrochemical energy conversion and storage. In recent years, metal@carbon core@shell nanocomposites have emerged as a unique class of functional nanomaterials that show apparent electrocatalytic activity towards a range of reactions, such as hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, and CO2 reduction reaction, that are important in water splitting, fuel cells and metal-air batteries. The activity is primarily attributed to interfacial charge transfer from the metal core to the carbon shell that manipulate the electronic interactions between the catalyst surface and reaction intermediates, and varies with the structures and morphologies of the metal core(elemental composition, core size, etc.) and carbon shell(doping,layer thickness, etc.). Further manipulation can be achieved by the incorporation of a third structural component. A perspective is also included highlighting the current gap between theoretical modeling and experimental results, and technical challenges for future research.

Heavy metal pollution in tidal zones of Bohai Bay using the dated sediment cores

Three sediment cores were collected in November 2003 from Dagu estuary to Qikou estuary. The main polluted heavy metals in the sediment of tidal zones for the Bohai Bay have been found by analyzing the relationship among the contents of heavy metals, the contents of geochemical elements （Fe, AI and Mn） and the size of grain. The dominating contaminative elements in tidal sediments of Bohai Bay are Pb, Zn and Cd. Their contents are higher than the corresponding upper limit of environmental background values and they have very faint correlation with the corresponding contents of geochemical elements and the size of grain, indicating the anthropogenic enrichment. Especially, the preliminary study on the pollution sources and the history of heavy metals in the Dagu estuary has been done using the dated results. The contamination by Zn and Cd also started in the middle 1950s, while the contamination by Pb appeared in the early 1940s. The pollution by Zn and Cd mainly originate from sewage discharge, while the pollution by Pb has many sources, like atmosphere deposition and industrial discharRe.

Geochemical features of heavy metals in core sediments of northwestern Taihu Lake, China

Sequential core sediments from northwestern Taihu Lake in China were analyzed for grain size, organic carbon and heavy metal content. The sediments are composed of organic-poor clayey-fine silts. The chemical speciations of Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn were also analyzed using the BCR sequential extraction procedure. Cu, Fe, Ni, and Zn are mainly associated with the residue fraction; Mn is concentrated mainly in exchangeable/carbonate fraction and residue fraction; and Pb mainly in Fe/Mn oxide fraction and organic/sulfide fraction. The exchangeable/carbonate fractions of Cu, Fe, Ni, Zn and Pb are lower. The fractions of Ni, Pb and Zn bound to the Fe/Mn oxide have significant correlations with reducible Mn; the organic/sulfide fractions of Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn have significant correlations with TOC. The extractable fractions of Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn are high at the top 4 cm of the core sediments as compared to those in the deeper layers, showing the anthropogenic input of heavy metals is due to rapid industrial development. The heavy metal pollution history of the sediments has been recorded since the late 1970s, determined by the result of {{}+{137}Cs} dating.

Anthropogenic trace metals in an ice core at Vestfonna,Svalbard, Norway

A 211 m depth ice core observation was carried out at the top of the Vestfonna Ice Cap in Nordaustlandet, Svalbard, Norway in 1995. Chronology of the ice core was determined by tritium analysis and comparison to the volcanic eruption of Laki; the resulting accumulation rate is 0.34 0.35 m water eq.·yr -1 for the last 400 year. Concentrations of Al, V, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Ag, Cd, Pb and U in an ice core have been determined by an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP MS) with a desolvated micro concentric nebulizer, which is a recent development and can achieve high sensitivity with low uptake rate of 60 mL/min. The concentrations of Pb, Cu, and Zn had increased from 1940s declined from 1970s to present. However, the profiles of Pb, Cu, and Zn were different and they seem to be influenced by the difference of sources. Since the ratios between Cu, Pb, and Zn in Svalbard is similar to that in French Alps, the source area of these elements is estimated to be Europe.

Calculations on polarization properties of alkali metal atoms using Dirac–Fock plus core polarization method

A semi-empirical atomic structure model method is developed in the framework of a relativistic case. This method starts from Dirac-Fock calculations using B-spline basis set. The core-valence electron correction is then treated in a semiempirical core polarization potential. As an application, the polarization properties of alkali metal atoms, including the static polarizabilities and long-range two-body dispersion coefficients, have been calculated. Our results are in good agreement with the results obtained from ab initio relativistic many-body perturbation method and the available experimental measurements.

Difference in particle characteristics and coating properties between spraying metallic and ceramic powder cored wires

The sprayed particles of metallic and cermet wires were collected to analyze the atomization state of the particles in arc spraying forming, the microstructure and properties of metallic and ceramic coatings were investigated and compared. Particle size analyzer was used for quantifying particle size. The XRD, SEM and optical microscope(OM) were used to analyze the phase composition and microstructure of the particles and coatings. From the experimental results, some difference of particle characteristics was established between the spraying metallic and ceramic cored wires, and the microstructure and properties of coatings depend strongly on the particles behaviors. The result shows that Fe-TiB2/Al2O3 composite coating has a high potential for abrasive wear applications.

新型三明治夹芯金属橡胶毡垫本构模型研究

对新型三明治夹芯金属橡胶毡垫的本构模型开展了预测研究.在分别考虑由上、下金属丝表层与不同丝材和丝径相互混压而成的多层夹芯结构形式的基础上,基于微弹簧单元理论和串/并联刚度分析法,创建了新型三明治夹芯金属橡胶毡垫的本构模型.定义了未接触、滑移接触和挤压接触3种接触状态,在推导获得不同接触状态下该毡垫的加载和卸载刚度后,实现了应力-应变曲线的预测.最后,对由铜丝和不锈钢丝构成的多款三明治夹芯金属橡胶毡垫样件开展了准静态压缩测试.实验结果表明,所建立的本构模型的最大刚度预测误差为9.1%,最大损耗因子预测误差为10.7%,具有较好的预测能力,且新型金属橡胶毡垫相比于传统金属橡胶毡垫具有更好的减振能力.相关研究成果可为新型金属橡胶毡垫构成的结构系统的关键力学参数计算与分析,提供重要的模型工具.

STUDY ON METAL TRANSFER MODES OF SELF-SHIELDED FLUX-CORED WELDING WIRE

Metal transfer behavior of six kinds of self shielded flux cored wire(SSFCW) is studied using the apparatus of SSFCW high speed photography self made. Six kinds of metal transfer modes of SSFCW were obtained through observation for high speed photograph film and analysis. It is believed that the research is of magnificent for improving operative performance and mechanical properties of SSFCW and dynamics characteristic of welding power.

温州北麂沉积物柱状样重金属污染评价及其来源解析

于2022年12月,在温州北麂采集一根沉积物柱状样,分析了0~40 cm不同层次沉积物样品中铜(Cu)、铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、锌(Zn)和铬(Cr)等5种重金属含量并计算富集因子指数(enrichment factors, EF,代表元素富集程度)。结果表明,多数重金属在次表层30 cm左右浓度和EF值都达到峰值或有一个高值区,这可能主要是由20世纪80—90年代北麂岛周边区域高强度人为排放的重金属导致的。进一步通过Pearson相关分析探讨了控制北麂岛海域沉积物重金属垂向分布的关键因素,结果发现,5种重金属的关键控制因素不同,Cu、Pb、Zn和Cr的输入主要受到人类活动的影响,而重金属Cd来源则与人为活动无关。

Arc Characteristic and Metal Transfer of Pulse Current Horizontal Flux-Cored Arc Welding

In this work, we utilized high-speed video photography to investigate the arc characteristics, metal transfer behavior, and welding spatter of the pulse-current flux-cored arc welding (P-FCAW) process in the horizontal position. The results indicate the presence of a stable “flux pole” during both the pulse-on and pulse-off periods when the mean current ranged from 140 to 170 A. The existence of this “flux pole” was beneficial for droplet transfer in the “axial droplet transfer” mode. With respect to welding spatter, with an increase in the welding current, we observed three kinds of spatter—explosive spatter, rebounded droplet spatter, and scattering spatter. With an increase in the pulse current from 310.6 to 345.6 A, the deflection of the arc reduced from 30.4° to 16.6°, which positively influenced the arc rigidity, particularly in the horizontal position. © 2017, Tianjin University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Study on arc characteristics and behavior of metal transfer in pulse current flux-cored arc welding of mild steel

The variation in arc characteristics and behavior of metal transfer with the change in pulse parameters has been studied by high speed video camera during pulse current flux-cored arc weld deposition.A comparative study of similar nature has also been carried out during flux-cored arc weld deposition in globular and spray transfer modes.The effect of pulse parameters has been studied by considering their mean current and arc voltage.The arc characteristics studied by its root diameter,projected diameter and length,and the behavior of metal transfer noted by the metal transfer model and the droplet diameter have been found to vary significantly with the pulse parameters.The observation may help in understanding the arc characteristics with respect to the variation in pulse parameters which may be beneficial in using pulse current FCAW to produce desired weld quality.

类地行星金属核的化学组成

类地行星的形成和演化过程一直是行星科学的研究热点和重点,类地行星研究不仅能促进人类对行星起源、行星演化、行星磁场和行星动力学等行星科学的认知,还涉及到我们对外太空的探索以及对外星生命的追寻。近几十年来,随着科技的发展,人类对于太阳系行星的研究取得了大量成果,本文总结了目前最新的类地行星物理参数,例如质量、半径、惯性矩和金属核的惯性矩等,这些参数为行星物理模型的建立提供了理论基础;本文还对最新的类地行星、类地行星金属核、球粒陨石及其金属相的化学组成及元素比值进行了总结和对比,并对类地行星金属核和陨石中金属相的特征进行了简要的探讨。本文参照太阳系类地行星和球粒陨石最新的物理和化学数据,通过类比研究,提出类地行星科学研究领域一些重要的科学问题。

钛型气保护药芯焊丝工艺质量影响因素综述

综述了涉及钛型气保护药芯焊丝工艺质量的影响因素。结果表明,合理选用药芯添加物,严格控制熔敷金属中主要强化元素C、Mn、Si的含量,可以改善焊丝熔滴过渡形态,获得焊丝熔敷金属满意的力学性能。在Ar+CO_(2)二元混合保护气体中,随着CO_(2)含量增大,熔滴过渡形态从轴向变为非轴向滴状排斥过渡,接头的抗拉强度几乎没有影响,但熔敷金属的冲击吸收能明显下降。热输入较大时,焊丝工艺性变差;热输入居中时,焊丝工艺性较好。热输入对焊丝熔敷金属韧性的影响出现了对热输入敏感和不敏感两种情况。钛型气保护药芯焊丝工艺质量的三个影响因素控制原理各具特色。

稀释剂用量对铁硅铝软磁粉芯含浸强度的影响

金属软磁粉芯生坯强度通常较低,在制造过程中需采用含浸树脂的方法提高强度。采用非活性稀释剂(四氯乙烯)和活性稀释剂636(三羟甲基丙烷三缩水甘油醚)作为135环氧树脂/甲基四氢苯酐含浸体系的混合稀释剂,研究了四氯乙烯的用量对于铁硅铝软磁粉芯抗压强度的影响以及含浸工艺对铁硅铝软磁粉芯磁性能的影响。同时,结合实测抗压强度和孔隙率对复合材料抗压强度公式进行了修正,得出了金属软磁粉芯抗压强度的计算公式。结果表明,经含浸处理后,软磁粉芯的抗压强度显著提高,在树脂与稀释剂的质量比约为1∶2时达到最大值18.43 MPa,且磁性能与含浸之前的样品相比没有明显变化。这表明在该配比下,稀释剂可以和环氧树脂充分均匀混合,并且可以与固化剂更好地发生交联固化,从而有效提高环氧树脂的力学性能。对含浸工艺和软磁粉芯抗压强度计算公式的研究结果,可为提高软磁粉芯强度的量产工艺开发提供参考。

聚醚醚酮及其复合材料修复桩核冠:问题与临床应用价值

背景:聚醚醚酮是具有良好机械性能、生物相容性、化学稳定性的特种塑料聚合物,可加入不同的填料形成新型复合材料,在桩核修复中有潜在的临床应用价值。目的:综述聚醚醚酮及其复合材料的性能、在桩核修复中的临床应用进展。方法:以“聚醚醚酮,桩核修复,金属桩,纤维桩,氧化锆桩”为中文检索词检索中国知网数据库,以“PEEK,polyetheretherketone post,post core repair,dental Dowels”为英文检索词检索PubMed数据库,检索时间范围重点为2019年1月至2023年10月。通过阅读文献题目、摘要及全文筛选,根据纳入与排除标准进行筛选,最后纳入71篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:聚醚醚酮是高性能热塑性聚合物,实验研究证明聚醚醚酮及其复合材料在机械性能、生物相容性、抗老化性、化学稳定性、粘接性能等方面具有优越性,在桩核修复领域应用前景喜人。聚醚醚酮及其复合材料作为桩核修复临床应用局限于前牙和前磨牙,但都获得了满意的修复效果。聚醚醚酮及其复合材料在桩核修复中属于新型材料,目前还有诸多问题尚待解决,如:3D打印设备和打印过程是否会影响材料的机械性能;临床修复效果观察时间短,缺乏长期的研究验证;缺乏聚醚醚酮及其复合材料作为桩核材料修复磨牙的病例报道等,后续还需不断完善相关研究。

高密度Au@Ag核壳纳米颗粒复合PA66纳米纤维的合成及对染料的SERS检测

基于PA66片晶结构实现了银包金核壳纳米颗粒(Au@AgNPs)在PA66纳米纤维表面的原位高密度组装,系统探究了反应时间对复合纤维膜微观形貌的影响,并对复合纤维膜的SERS性能进行了研究。结果表明,复合纤维膜上组装的纳米颗粒粒径随反应时间增加而增大,复合纤维膜(反应时间为10 min)有着最高的SERS活性,对罗丹明6G(R6G)具有较高的检测灵敏性和信号再现性,同时,对染料分子罗丹明B､结晶紫(CV)和孔雀石绿(MG)均具有良好的检测灵敏性,检测限分别为10^(-9)､10^(-10)､10^(-10) mol/L。