Because of their high efficiency, antibiotics have long been the primary treatment for infections, but the rise of drug-resistant pathogens has become a therapeutic concern. Nanoparticles, as novel biomaterials, are c...Because of their high efficiency, antibiotics have long been the primary treatment for infections, but the rise of drug-resistant pathogens has become a therapeutic concern. Nanoparticles, as novel biomaterials, are currently gaining global attention to combat them. Drug-resistant diseases may need the use of nanoparticles as a viable therapeutic option. By altering target locations and enzymes, decreasing cell permeability, inactivating enzymes, and increasing efflux by overexpressing efflux pumps, they can bypass conventional resistance mechanisms. Therefore, understanding how metal and metal oxide nanoparticles affect microorganisms that are resistant to antimicrobial drugs is the main objective of this review. Accordingly, the uses of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles in the fight against drug-resistant diseases appear promising. However, their mechanism of action, dose, and possible long-term effects require special attention and future research. Furthermore, repeated use of silver nanoparticles may cause gram-negative microorganisms to acquire resistance, necessitating additional study.展开更多
The residual metal impurities in cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin were determined by ICP-AES. The samples were ignited and dissolved with HCl:HNO 3 (3:1). The method is simple and accurate. By the determination ...The residual metal impurities in cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin were determined by ICP-AES. The samples were ignited and dissolved with HCl:HNO 3 (3:1). The method is simple and accurate. By the determination of the metal residues in the samples, the calculated actual daily exposure and concentration of the metal Pd, Ir, Rh, Ru, Mo, Ni, Cr, V, Cu, Mn, Fe and Zn that were less than the permitted daily exposures (PDE) and the limited concentration permitted in the EMEA guideline on the specification limits for residues of metal catalysts or metal reagents [1] . The metal residues can de adequately removed from the active pharmaceutical ingredients and the corresponding drugs. The trace metal residues will not affect human health and lead to the safety hazard by the intravenous injection.展开更多
BACKGROUND The treatment of difficult common bile duct stones(CBDS)remains a big challenge around the world.Biliary stenting is a widely accepted rescue method in patients with failed stone extraction under endoscopic...BACKGROUND The treatment of difficult common bile duct stones(CBDS)remains a big challenge around the world.Biliary stenting is a widely accepted rescue method in patients with failed stone extraction under endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.Fully covered self-expanding metal stent(FCSEMS)has gained increasing attention in the management of difficult CBDS.AIM To manufacture a drug-eluting FCSEMS,which can achieve controlled release of stone-dissolving agents and speed up the dissolution of CBDS.METHODS Customized covered nitinol stents were adopted.Sodium cholate(SC)and disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid(EDTA disodium,EDTA for short)were used as stone-dissolving agents.Three different types of drug-eluting stents were manufactured by dip coating(Stent I),coaxial electrospinning(Stent II),and dip coating combined with electrospinning(Stent III),respectively.The drugrelease behavior and stone-dissolving efficacy of these stents were evaluated in vitro to sort out the best manufacturing method.And the selected stonedissolving stents were further put into porcine CBD to evaluate their biosecurity.RESULTS Stent I and Stent II had obvious burst release of drugs in the first 5 d while Stent III presented controlled and sustainable drug release for 30 d.In still buffer,the final stone mass-loss rate of each group was 5.19%±0.69%for naked FCSEMS,20.37%±2.13%for Stent I,24.57%±1.45%for Stent II,and 33.72%±0.67%for Stent III.In flowing bile,the final stone mass-loss rate of each group was 5.87%±0.25%for naked FCSEMS,6.36%±0.48%for Stent I,6.38%±0.37%for Stent II,and 8.15%±0.27%for Stent III.Stent III caused the most stone mass-loss no matter in still buffer or in flowing bile,which was significantly higher than those of other groups(P<0.05).In vivo,Stent III made no difference from naked FCSEMS in serological analysis(P>0.05)and histopathological examination(P>0.05).CONCLUSION The novel SC and EDTA-eluting FCSEMS is efficient in diminishing CBDS in vitro.When conventional endoscopic techniques fail to remove difficult CBDS,SC and EDTA-eluting FCSEMS implantation may be considered a promising alternative.展开更多
Medicinal Organometallic Chemistry keeps contributing to drug discovery efforts including the development of diagnostic compounds. Despite the limiting issues of metal-based molecules, e.g., such as toxicity, there ar...Medicinal Organometallic Chemistry keeps contributing to drug discovery efforts including the development of diagnostic compounds. Despite the limiting issues of metal-based molecules, e.g., such as toxicity, there are drugs approved for clinical use and several others are under clinical and pre-clinical development. Indeed, several research groups continue working on organometallic compounds with potential therapeutic applications. For arguably historical reasons, chemoinformatic methods in drug discovery have been applied thus far mostly to organic compounds. Typically, metal-based molecules are excluded from compound data sets for analysis. Indeed, most software and algorithms for drug discovery applications are focused and parametrized for organic molecules. However, considering the emerging field of material informatics, the objective of this Commentary we emphasize the need to develop cheminformatic applications to further develop metallodrugs. For instance, one of the starting points would be developing a compound database of organometallic molecules annotated with biological activity. It is concluded that chemoinformatic methods can boost the research area of Medicinal Organometallic Chemistry.展开更多
背景:临床上血管支架的使用涉及高昂的医疗费用,但同时也可能在减少患者心血管事件、改善生活质量等方面带来长期的效益,而经济学评估可以帮助决策者更好地理解治疗方法的成本与效益之间的平衡。目的:分析卫生经济学相关文献,探讨血管...背景:临床上血管支架的使用涉及高昂的医疗费用,但同时也可能在减少患者心血管事件、改善生活质量等方面带来长期的效益,而经济学评估可以帮助决策者更好地理解治疗方法的成本与效益之间的平衡。目的:分析卫生经济学相关文献,探讨血管支架效果与问题在医疗质量管理研究中的热点。方法:检索Web of Science核心集数据库关于血管支架的卫生经济学评价文献,采用VOSviewer_1.6.19软件对年度发文量、机构、国家和关键词等进行可视化分析,最后从卫生经济学和医疗质量管理角度分析血管支架效果与问题的研究热点。结果与结论:①最终纳入英文文献120篇,近10年此领域研究发文最高的年份是2019年,发文10篇,发文量最多的机构是美国哈佛大学(发文20篇),发文量最多的国家是美国(发文58篇)。②关键词聚类分析显示,裸金属支架和药物洗脱支架在冠脉疾病中的成本效果分析、血管成形术支架干预的成本效益分析、经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中应用冠脉支架的效果,这3个聚类研究方向为血管支架研究领域的卫生经济学评估的研究热点。③进一步总结医疗管理质量背景下血管支架治疗效果的研究热点为:血管支架的长期效果、安全性、药物释放机制研究、个体化治疗、再狭窄问题和支架镶嵌技术。④高被引文献分析结果显示,药物洗脱支架释放药物以减少血管再狭窄的风险,与裸金属支架相比再狭窄率较低,但通常成本较高;生物降解支架是结合裸金属支架和药物洗脱支架的优点,即避免长期的支架存在和减少再狭窄的风险,但它们的成本可能会更高,而且短期内可能会有一些并发症,目前应用并不广泛。⑤在进行血管支架成本效果比较时,除了直接的支架成本外,还需要考虑的因素包括支架再干预的风险和成本、并发症的风险和成本、药物治疗的持续时间和成本、患者的生活质量。因此,虽然药物洗脱支架和生物降解支架的初始成本可能高于裸金属支架,但它们可能在长期内带来更好的临床结果,从而产生更有利的成本效果。⑥未来的研究方向应注重个性化的血管支架治疗决策的制定、观察支架治疗的长期效果、支架对患者生活质量的影响、制定卫生政策、医疗资源合理分配及长期随访机制的建立。展开更多
Objectives: The study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of drug eluting stents (DESs) in aorto-ostial (A-O) coronary artery lesions, in terms of early and late restenosis rate;including clinical assessm...Objectives: The study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of drug eluting stents (DESs) in aorto-ostial (A-O) coronary artery lesions, in terms of early and late restenosis rate;including clinical assessment, non-invasive stress testing and angiographic follow-up. Also, the study was aimed to compare the results of implantation of drug eluting stents (DES) to that of bare metal stents (BMS) in aortoostial lesions done over a previous 5 years in Royal Brompton Hospital. Background: The safety and effectiveness of DESs for the treatment of aortoostial lesions. Methods: We included 161 consecutive patients with symptoms subjective of angina pectoris or objective evidence of myocardial ischemia;who underwent percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in coronary ostial lesions using DES. The patients were divided into two groups based on the site of ostial lesion. The control group consisted of 125 consecutive patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention for ostial lesions using bare metal stents (BMS) implantation in the period immediately before the introduction of DES. The incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), including death or Q-wave myocardial infarction (MI), need for repeated revascularization procedure CABG or angioplasty, were recorded in-hospital and at twelve months ± 3 months. Follow-up angiography was only performed in case of recurrent symptoms subjective of myocardial ischemia or if there was objective evidence of myocardial ischemia by stress testing. Results: The initial procedure was successful in 149 patients (92.5%) in the DES arm. There were no statistically significant major in-hospital complications in the DES group, compared to BMS group which showed 4 cases of in-hospital deaths (p = 0.017). At Twelve months ± 3 months follow-up, MACE were significantly less frequent in the DES group compared to the BMS group, including death (0.8% vs. 6.4%, p = 0.004) and need for CABG (1.7% vs. 10%, p = 0.012). Conclusions: The main finding of our study is that, compared to the BMS, implantation of the DES in coronary ostial lesions appears safe and effective. It is associated with high procedural success rate, low immediate and in-hospital complication rate, infrequent late adverse events and favourable long-term clinical and angiographic outcomes compared with bare metal stents implantation at 12-month follow-up. Advanced age, previous myocardial infarction and acute coronary syndromes at presentation were all found to be independent positive predictors for clinical events after drug eluting stent implantation in ostial lesions.展开更多
文摘Because of their high efficiency, antibiotics have long been the primary treatment for infections, but the rise of drug-resistant pathogens has become a therapeutic concern. Nanoparticles, as novel biomaterials, are currently gaining global attention to combat them. Drug-resistant diseases may need the use of nanoparticles as a viable therapeutic option. By altering target locations and enzymes, decreasing cell permeability, inactivating enzymes, and increasing efflux by overexpressing efflux pumps, they can bypass conventional resistance mechanisms. Therefore, understanding how metal and metal oxide nanoparticles affect microorganisms that are resistant to antimicrobial drugs is the main objective of this review. Accordingly, the uses of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles in the fight against drug-resistant diseases appear promising. However, their mechanism of action, dose, and possible long-term effects require special attention and future research. Furthermore, repeated use of silver nanoparticles may cause gram-negative microorganisms to acquire resistance, necessitating additional study.
基金The national SME technology innovation fund(11C26215305898)Kunming SME technology innovation fund(CJ2011040)
文摘The residual metal impurities in cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin were determined by ICP-AES. The samples were ignited and dissolved with HCl:HNO 3 (3:1). The method is simple and accurate. By the determination of the metal residues in the samples, the calculated actual daily exposure and concentration of the metal Pd, Ir, Rh, Ru, Mo, Ni, Cr, V, Cu, Mn, Fe and Zn that were less than the permitted daily exposures (PDE) and the limited concentration permitted in the EMEA guideline on the specification limits for residues of metal catalysts or metal reagents [1] . The metal residues can de adequately removed from the active pharmaceutical ingredients and the corresponding drugs. The trace metal residues will not affect human health and lead to the safety hazard by the intravenous injection.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81470904and Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology,No.14411963000
文摘BACKGROUND The treatment of difficult common bile duct stones(CBDS)remains a big challenge around the world.Biliary stenting is a widely accepted rescue method in patients with failed stone extraction under endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.Fully covered self-expanding metal stent(FCSEMS)has gained increasing attention in the management of difficult CBDS.AIM To manufacture a drug-eluting FCSEMS,which can achieve controlled release of stone-dissolving agents and speed up the dissolution of CBDS.METHODS Customized covered nitinol stents were adopted.Sodium cholate(SC)and disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid(EDTA disodium,EDTA for short)were used as stone-dissolving agents.Three different types of drug-eluting stents were manufactured by dip coating(Stent I),coaxial electrospinning(Stent II),and dip coating combined with electrospinning(Stent III),respectively.The drugrelease behavior and stone-dissolving efficacy of these stents were evaluated in vitro to sort out the best manufacturing method.And the selected stonedissolving stents were further put into porcine CBD to evaluate their biosecurity.RESULTS Stent I and Stent II had obvious burst release of drugs in the first 5 d while Stent III presented controlled and sustainable drug release for 30 d.In still buffer,the final stone mass-loss rate of each group was 5.19%±0.69%for naked FCSEMS,20.37%±2.13%for Stent I,24.57%±1.45%for Stent II,and 33.72%±0.67%for Stent III.In flowing bile,the final stone mass-loss rate of each group was 5.87%±0.25%for naked FCSEMS,6.36%±0.48%for Stent I,6.38%±0.37%for Stent II,and 8.15%±0.27%for Stent III.Stent III caused the most stone mass-loss no matter in still buffer or in flowing bile,which was significantly higher than those of other groups(P<0.05).In vivo,Stent III made no difference from naked FCSEMS in serological analysis(P>0.05)and histopathological examination(P>0.05).CONCLUSION The novel SC and EDTA-eluting FCSEMS is efficient in diminishing CBDS in vitro.When conventional endoscopic techniques fail to remove difficult CBDS,SC and EDTA-eluting FCSEMS implantation may be considered a promising alternative.
文摘Medicinal Organometallic Chemistry keeps contributing to drug discovery efforts including the development of diagnostic compounds. Despite the limiting issues of metal-based molecules, e.g., such as toxicity, there are drugs approved for clinical use and several others are under clinical and pre-clinical development. Indeed, several research groups continue working on organometallic compounds with potential therapeutic applications. For arguably historical reasons, chemoinformatic methods in drug discovery have been applied thus far mostly to organic compounds. Typically, metal-based molecules are excluded from compound data sets for analysis. Indeed, most software and algorithms for drug discovery applications are focused and parametrized for organic molecules. However, considering the emerging field of material informatics, the objective of this Commentary we emphasize the need to develop cheminformatic applications to further develop metallodrugs. For instance, one of the starting points would be developing a compound database of organometallic molecules annotated with biological activity. It is concluded that chemoinformatic methods can boost the research area of Medicinal Organometallic Chemistry.
文摘背景:临床上血管支架的使用涉及高昂的医疗费用,但同时也可能在减少患者心血管事件、改善生活质量等方面带来长期的效益,而经济学评估可以帮助决策者更好地理解治疗方法的成本与效益之间的平衡。目的:分析卫生经济学相关文献,探讨血管支架效果与问题在医疗质量管理研究中的热点。方法:检索Web of Science核心集数据库关于血管支架的卫生经济学评价文献,采用VOSviewer_1.6.19软件对年度发文量、机构、国家和关键词等进行可视化分析,最后从卫生经济学和医疗质量管理角度分析血管支架效果与问题的研究热点。结果与结论:①最终纳入英文文献120篇,近10年此领域研究发文最高的年份是2019年,发文10篇,发文量最多的机构是美国哈佛大学(发文20篇),发文量最多的国家是美国(发文58篇)。②关键词聚类分析显示,裸金属支架和药物洗脱支架在冠脉疾病中的成本效果分析、血管成形术支架干预的成本效益分析、经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中应用冠脉支架的效果,这3个聚类研究方向为血管支架研究领域的卫生经济学评估的研究热点。③进一步总结医疗管理质量背景下血管支架治疗效果的研究热点为:血管支架的长期效果、安全性、药物释放机制研究、个体化治疗、再狭窄问题和支架镶嵌技术。④高被引文献分析结果显示,药物洗脱支架释放药物以减少血管再狭窄的风险,与裸金属支架相比再狭窄率较低,但通常成本较高;生物降解支架是结合裸金属支架和药物洗脱支架的优点,即避免长期的支架存在和减少再狭窄的风险,但它们的成本可能会更高,而且短期内可能会有一些并发症,目前应用并不广泛。⑤在进行血管支架成本效果比较时,除了直接的支架成本外,还需要考虑的因素包括支架再干预的风险和成本、并发症的风险和成本、药物治疗的持续时间和成本、患者的生活质量。因此,虽然药物洗脱支架和生物降解支架的初始成本可能高于裸金属支架,但它们可能在长期内带来更好的临床结果,从而产生更有利的成本效果。⑥未来的研究方向应注重个性化的血管支架治疗决策的制定、观察支架治疗的长期效果、支架对患者生活质量的影响、制定卫生政策、医疗资源合理分配及长期随访机制的建立。
文摘Objectives: The study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of drug eluting stents (DESs) in aorto-ostial (A-O) coronary artery lesions, in terms of early and late restenosis rate;including clinical assessment, non-invasive stress testing and angiographic follow-up. Also, the study was aimed to compare the results of implantation of drug eluting stents (DES) to that of bare metal stents (BMS) in aortoostial lesions done over a previous 5 years in Royal Brompton Hospital. Background: The safety and effectiveness of DESs for the treatment of aortoostial lesions. Methods: We included 161 consecutive patients with symptoms subjective of angina pectoris or objective evidence of myocardial ischemia;who underwent percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in coronary ostial lesions using DES. The patients were divided into two groups based on the site of ostial lesion. The control group consisted of 125 consecutive patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention for ostial lesions using bare metal stents (BMS) implantation in the period immediately before the introduction of DES. The incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), including death or Q-wave myocardial infarction (MI), need for repeated revascularization procedure CABG or angioplasty, were recorded in-hospital and at twelve months ± 3 months. Follow-up angiography was only performed in case of recurrent symptoms subjective of myocardial ischemia or if there was objective evidence of myocardial ischemia by stress testing. Results: The initial procedure was successful in 149 patients (92.5%) in the DES arm. There were no statistically significant major in-hospital complications in the DES group, compared to BMS group which showed 4 cases of in-hospital deaths (p = 0.017). At Twelve months ± 3 months follow-up, MACE were significantly less frequent in the DES group compared to the BMS group, including death (0.8% vs. 6.4%, p = 0.004) and need for CABG (1.7% vs. 10%, p = 0.012). Conclusions: The main finding of our study is that, compared to the BMS, implantation of the DES in coronary ostial lesions appears safe and effective. It is associated with high procedural success rate, low immediate and in-hospital complication rate, infrequent late adverse events and favourable long-term clinical and angiographic outcomes compared with bare metal stents implantation at 12-month follow-up. Advanced age, previous myocardial infarction and acute coronary syndromes at presentation were all found to be independent positive predictors for clinical events after drug eluting stent implantation in ostial lesions.
