Heavy metal pollution assessment in marine sediments in the Northwest coast of Sabah,Malaysia

Heavy metal contents along the Northwest coast of Sabah were determined to interpret the pollution level in the marine sediment. The metal abundance is regulated by the physico-chemical properties such as the average sediment pH(7.82, 9.00 and 8.99), organic matter(0.62%, 1.60%, and 2.27%), moisture content(25.00%, 29.70%, and 15.00%) and sandy texture in Kota Belud, Kudat and Mantanani Island,respectively. The major elements show Ca>Fe>Mg>Al>Mn for all study sites, while the heavy metals show Ni>Cr>Zn>Cu>Co>Pb, Cr>Ni>Zn>Cu>Pb>Co and Zn>Pb>Cr>Ni, for Kota Belud, Kudat and Mantanani Island, respectively. The pollution degree of heavy metals was evaluated by using the Sediment Quality Assessment(SQA). The SQA parameters indicated none to moderate pollution in Kota Belud that shows Class 0, Class 1 and Class 2 pollution. The parameters also indicated none to low pollution in Kudat and Mantanani Island that show only Class 0 pollution. The enrichment factor(EF) suggested minor to moderately severe metal enrichment by anthropogenic sources in Kota Belud, whereas only minor enrichment in Kudat and Mantanani Island. The modified pollution degree(MCD<1.5) and pollution load index(0 PLI<1) indicating only low pollution level in the marine sediments for all study sites. The objectives of this study are:(1) to determine the physico-chemical parameters of sediments,(2) interpret the heavy metal contents and(3) evaluate the sediment quality.

Studies on Heavy Metal Pollution in Soil-Plant System:A Review

Heavy metal pollution in soil-plant system is of major environmental concern on a world scale and in China in particular with the rapid development of industry. The heavy metal pollution status in soil-plant system in China, the research progress on the bioavailability of heavy metals (affecting factors, extraction methods, free-ion activity model, adsorption model, multivariate regression model, Q-I relationship, and compound pollution), and soil remediation are reviewed in the paper. Future research and monitoring is also discussed.

Effects of heavy metal pollution on farmland soils and crops:A case study of the Xiaoqinling Gold Belt,China

This paper focuses on the heavy metal enrichment and heavy metal pollution degree associated with mining activities in some crops and the soils of different parent materials in the Xiaoqinling Gold Belt.According to the geochemical analysis results of the soils observed in the gold belt,the soils are most highly enriched in Pb,followed by Cr,Cu,and Zn.Furthermore,they are relatively poor in Hg,Cd,and As.It is also shown that the heavy metals in all kinds of soils have the same geochemical characteristics in the gold belt.As for the crops(such as corn and wheat)in the gold belt,Zn and Cu are the most abundant elements,followed by Pb and Cr.Meanwhile,Hg,Cd,and As were found to have relatively low concentrations in the crops.The heavy metals in wheat and corn have the same geochemical characteristics in the gold belt in general.Compared to the aeolian loess soils and the crops therein,heavy metals are more enriched in diluvial and alluvial soils and the crops therein.As shown by relevant studies,the Hg,Pb,Cd,Cu,and Zn pollution are mainly caused by mining activities.Corn and wheat in the gold belt have a high tendency of risk exposure to heavy metal pollution since they are mostly affected by mining activities and feature high background values of heavy metal concentrations.Furthermore,wheat is more liable to be enriched in heavy metals than corn is grown in all types of soils.The Hg pollution in soils leads to Hg accumulation,increasing the risk of Hg uptake in crops,and further affecting human health.This study will provide a scientific basis for the control and management of heavy metals in farmland soils of mining areas.

Acid Mine Drainage and Heavy Metal Pollution from Solid Waste in the Tongling Mines, China

Based on investigation of the characteristics of solid waste of two different mines, the Fenghuangshan copper mine and the Xinqiao pyrite mine in Tongling, Anhui province in central-east China, the possibility and the differences of acid mine drainage （AMD） of the railings and the waste rocks are discussed, and the modes of occurrence of heavy metal elements in the mine solid waste are also studied. The Fenghuangshan copper mine hardly produces AMD, whereas the Xinqiao pyrite mine does and there are also differences in the modes of occurrence of heavy metal elements in the railings. For the former, toxic heavy metals such as Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, As and Hg exist mostly in the slag mode, as compared to the latter, where the deoxidization mode has a much higher content, indicating that large amounts minerals in the waste rocks have begun to oxidize at the earth surface. AMD is proved to promote the migration and spread of the heavy metals in mining waste rocks and lead to environmental pollution of the surroundings of the mine area.

Health Risks Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Soil-Crop System from an E-Waste Dismantling Area

Soil is an essential resource for agricultural production.In order to investigate the pollution situation of heavy metals in the soil-crop system in the e-waste dismantling area,the crop and soil samples(226 pairs,including leaf vegetables,solanaceous vegetables,root vegetables,and fruits)around the e-waste dismantling area in southeastern Zhejiang Province were collected.The concentrations of Cd,Cu,Pb,and Cr were determined.The average concentrations of Cd,Cu,Pb,and Cr in soils were 0.94,107.79,80.28,and 78.14 mg kg-1,respectively,and their corresponding concentrations in crops were 0.024,0.7,0.041,and 0.06 mg kg-1,respectively.The transfer capacity of leaf vegetables was significantly higher than that of non-leaf vegetables,and the accumulation of four heavy metals in crops tended to be Cd>Cu>Cr/Pb.The pollution index’s results revealed that the soil pollution degree under different land uses ranked as root vegetables soil>leaf vegetables soil>solanaceous vegetables soil>fruit soil.The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of heavy metal exposure were ranked as food intake>accidental ingestion>dermal contact>inhalation.The comprehensive non-carcinogenic risk was ranked as Cr>Cd>Pb/Cu.Our results could be used to provide useful information for further crop cultivation layout in the study area,which can guarantee the local residents’health and food safety.

The Prediction Model of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Xiangjiang River Based on Matlab

[Objective] The study aimed to establish a model to predict heavy metal pollution in the Xiangjiang River （from Zhuzhou to Changsha） on the basis of Matlab. [ Methodl According to the data of heavy metal content in the Xiangjiang River （from Zhuzhou to Changsha）, we estab- lished a non-linear regression model based on Matlab to forecast the content of C,d, Pb, Cu, Zn, As and Cr in the Xiangjiang River. E Result] Verifi- cation showed that the prediction models had a high precision, and the spatial variation of the predicted heavy metal content was basically consistent with the actual conditions, which indicated that these models could forecast the spatial variation of heavy metal content in the Xiangjiang River （ from Zhuzhou to Changsha） well. [ Conclusion] The research could provide theoretical bases for controlling the heavy metal pollution in the Xiangjiang River.

Metal pollution in relation to mass outbreaks of Dendrolimus punctatus Walker on Pinus massoniana Lamb.in China

Insects with their ecological superpower have enormous capacity to transform small pollution damage in forests to full scale calamities. Acid rain resulting from extensive coal burning is the chief pollutant in China. Acid rain activates from soil deposits toxic metals, which are transferred to trees and further to insects eating them. We studied the levels of the toxic Cd, its antagonists Zn and Cu, and acid rain indicators Fe and Mn in the forest pest moth Dendrolimus punctatus Walker (Lepidoptera:Lasiocampidae) in variously polluted Pinus massoniana Lamb forests in China.\; The highest density of D. punctatus , as well as the highest Cd levels developed in the moderately polluted forests. Possibly Cd had there broken down the pest resistance of the pines. The paradoxical coexistence of high Cd level and elevated population density of the pest seems to result from the high accumulation of Cd in its ichneumonid parasitoid. In the most heavily polluted forests the Cd level in needles was low, possibly because the strong acid rain had washed away most of the Cd deposit in the soil. It existed there no D.punctatus population. Absence of pest insects from the most heavily polluted areas is a common phenomenon.

The assessment of heavy metal pollution in river sands of Jalingo,Nigeria using magnetic proxy parameters,pollution,and ecotoxicological indices

The measurement of environmental magnetic properties and metal contents of sands from Nukkai(NKR),Mayo-Gwoi(RMYG)and Lamurde(LR)rivers located in Jalingo,Nigeria are reported.We seek to determine the extent of anthropogenic impact on the river sands using magnetic-proxy-parameters,pollution and ecotoxicological indices and multivariate statistics.Measurements of magnetic susceptibilityχ,frequency-dependentsusceptibilityχfd%,anhystericremanent magnetization,isothernal remanent magnetization and X-ray fluorescence were undertaken.The average values of theχ(in×10^(-8)m^(3)kg^(-1))were 24.53,12.76 and 39.27 for NKR,RMYG and LR sites respectively,implying that the magnetic minerals in the sands were mostly ferrimagnetic.The meanχfd%value of 2.64%,4.85%and 3.53%for NKR,RMYG and LR respectively suggest that the study area was dominated by multi-domain magnetic grain sizes.The value of the S-ratio is~1 in all river samples,suggesting that low coercivity magnetic minerals(e.g.,magnetite)dominated the samples.The mean concentrations of Ti,Zr,Sn,Ba and Pb were higher than the background values in the studied samples.All the estimated pollution indices puts the level of pollution of the river sands between low and moderate pollution with Sn,Ba and Pb as the elements of concern.Multiple sources of metal contents such as fertilizers,pesticides,waste dumps and vehicular sources etc.were found.Significant positive correlations between magnetic parameters(particularly,SIRM)and some heavy metals and pollution/ecotoxicological indices were obtained,showing that magnetic methods could be used as a geochemical proxy for pollution assessment.

Progress in the Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution of Water Sediment

In recent years,as China's industrialization process and urban-rural integration strategy have continued to deepen,some industrial and domestic wastewater has been discharged directly into rivers without effective treatment.This has resulted in the continuous accumulation and enrichment of pollutants in water bodies.This phenomenon results in a significant accumulation of heavy metals in the sediment of water bodies,which not only represents a significant threat to the ecological environment but also ultimately poses a risk to human health.The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive review of the current status of heavy metal pollution in water sediment in China.In addition,this paper analyzes the advantages and limitations of existing techniques for the harmless treatment of heavy metal pollution and forecasts the development direction of this field.

A practical method for identifying key factors in the distribution and formation of heavy metal pollution at a smelting site

Smelting activities are the main pathway for the anthropogenic release of heavy metals(HMs)into the soil-groundwater environment.It is vital to identify the factors affecting HMs pollution to better prevent and manage soil pollution.The present study conducted a comprehensive investigation of HMs in soil from a large abandoned Zn smelting site.An integrated approach was proposed to classify and quantify the factors affecting HMs pollution in the site.Besides,the quantitative relationship between hydrogeological characteristics,pollution transmission pathways,smelting activities and HMs pollutionwas established.Results showed that the soils were highly contaminated by HMs with a pollution index trend of As>Zn>Cd>Pb>Hg.In identifying the pollution hotspots,we conclude that the pollution hotspots of Pb,As,Cd,and Hg present a concentrated distribution pattern.Geo-detector method results showed that the dominant driving factors for HMs distribution and accumulation were the potential pollution source and soil permeability.Additionally,the main drivers are variable for different HMs,and the interaction among factors also enhanced soil HMs contamination.Our analysis illustrates how the confounding influences from complex environmental factors can be distilled to identify key factors in pollution formation to guide future remediation strategies.

A REVIEW OF HEAVY METAL POLLUTION IN THE PEARL RIVER ESTUARY

Since 70'' s, the economy and society in the Pearl River Delta region havebeen undergoing a great development. Pollution control and environment protection have received muchpublic attention. As heavy metals are an important toxic pollutant source in this area and are notbiodegradable in general, a lot of scientists in China, especially in Southern China, devote theirfocus on studying the pollution caused by heavy metals in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE). This paperpresents a comprehensive review on the heavy metal pollution research and its related research inthis area. It is suggested that the study of heavy metal pollution in PRE should be coupled withwater movement, sediment motion and tidal characteristics in this region. Studying core sediments invarious locations is recommended to reveal the history of heavy metal pollution in PRE and improvethe understanding of the fate and transport of metals.

Developing sediment quality criteria for heavy metal pollution in the Le An River with equilibrium partitioning approach

Equilibrium partitioning(EqP) approach was selected to establish the sediment quality criteria(SQC) in the Le An River near Dexing Copper Mine. Both freshwater quality criteria (WQC) for some heavy metals regulated by USEPA and national quality standards of surface water recommended by CNEPA were used as protective levels of aquatic organisms in this study. Meanwhile, the partitioning coefficients were derived directly from measured data. Comparison between SQC in this region and concentrations of contaminants in situ clearly indicated the distribution characteristics of metal contamination along the river. And the results also illustrated that measures of some metals exceeded their SQC levels in different degree, especially Cu.

Temporal variation of heavy metal pollution in urban stormwater runoff

Stormwater runoff from three types of urban surfaces, a parking lot, a street, and a building roof, was monitored during four rainfall events that occurred in the one-year period from June 2009 to June 2010. The event mean concentrations （EMC） of dissolved copper （Cu）, lead （Pb）, zinc （Zn）, manganese （Mn）, and iron （Fe） exceeded China＇s National Water Quality Standards for Surface Water. The degree of heavy metal contamination was related to the type of underlying surfaces. Additionally, the concentration of dissolved heavy metals peaked shortly after the runoff began and then declined sharply as a result of adequate flushing. First flush effects of varying degrees were also observed during all of the monitored rainfall events based on the first flush ratio （FF25）. Redundancy analysis revealed that four environmental variables （rain- fall depth, intensity, antecedent dry weather period and type of underlying surface） had significant effects on the strengths of the first flush effects, accounting for 72.9% of the variation in the FF25. Dissolved metals presented varying first flush effects on different underlying surfaces that occurred in the following relative order： parking lot 〉 roof〉 road for low intensity and high runoff volume rainfall events; parking lot 〉 road 〉 roof for high intensity and low runoff volume events. The relative strength of the first flush for dissolved heavy metals was Fe, Mn 〉 Cu, Zn 〉 Pb.

Early Warning of Heavy Metal Pollution after Tailing Pond Failure Accident

Heavy metal pollution is a major issue after tailing pond failure accident.It is important to predict pollution trends for limited data of pollution sources.A simple phase separation heavy metal model was built for early warning simulation of heavy metal pollution accidents.Based on this,a new simulation framework has been developed to predict the pollution trends of the downstream according to the measured data at upstream sections.By setting the upstream monitoring date as the inflow boundary condition,the changing processes of heavy metal manganese(Mn) with different phases in the downstream can be accurately simulated and forecasted.Results showed that the concentration of the suspended phase in the downstream was larger than that in the aqueous phase and sediment phase.With this,the early warning of pollution trends after accidents could be made a few days ahead.It indicates that the impact of sediment on heavy metal should not be ignored in the early warning of tailing pond failure accidents.

Application of face－graph in heavy metal pollution assessment in river sediment

On the basis of sedimentation principles and environmental chemical characteristics of heavymetal, combine international new methods-face graph on heavy metal pollution assessment withmulti-variable graph expression, the article made a synthetical assessment study on state of heavymetal pollution and potential ecological risk of Taizi River sediment in Benxi City reach. The re-sults of the study indicated that the state of heavy metal pollution of Taizi River in Benxi Cityreach is very serious, appropriate counter measures should be taken.

Investigation and Analysis of Soil Pollution of Heavy Metals(Hg,As) in Duanzhou District,Zhaoqing City

The soil heavy metals(Hg and As)in Duanzhou District of Zhaoqing City were determined by AFS200 T atomic fluorescence spectropho-tometer,and the soil environment in Duanzhou District was evaluated by several evaluation methods of soil heavy metal pollution,such as single factor index method,pollution load index method and Nemerow comprehensive pollution index method.Finally,according to the data and conclu-sions,the soil pollution situation in Duanzhou District of Zhaoqing was analyzed.The results will let more people pay attention to the changes of the environment and realize the harm of the environment,and the government can formulate a new plan conducive to the coordinated development of the environment and economy.

Control Approaches to Soil Pollution from Heavy Metals

With the continuous development of human society and economy and the continuous progress of industrial technology,more and more pollutants are discharged into the natural environment,and soil environment is also affected at the same time. Among pollutants leading to soil pollution,heavy metals have resulted in most serious soil pollution. Here,many control and restoration approaches to soil pollution from heavy metals are proposed,and characteristics and applicable conditions of various methods are compared,so as to provide theoretical references for the control and restoration of soil pollution from heavy metals in future.

Sediment quality criteria for heavy metal pollution in the Le An River with triad approach

In this study, integrative traid was used to sediment quality in the Le An River, which has been strongly contaminated by large amount of Cu, Pb, Zn,Cd, As and Cr discharging from mining activities. All available data collected from chemical analyses,toxic tests and field survey on benthic macroinvertebrates were transformed into ratio to reference(RTR) and relevant scales.The responses of receiving environment to mining impacts were illustrated by traid graphs. Traid results indicated that a sectional distribution pattern existed from upstream to downstream:(a) relative clean upstream;(b) serious contaminated middle stream;(c) gradual recovery downstream. This situation was closely related with local mining activities, which caused obvious degradation of sediment quality in some sections, therefore, remediation was required urgently.

13th Five-Year Plan of Anhui Province For Heavy Metal Pollution Prevention and Control Issued

The 13th Five-Year Plan of Anhui Province for Heavy Metal Pollution Prevention and Control('Plan'),jointly prepared by the Anhui Provincial Environmental Protection Department,Anhui Provincial Development and Reform Commission and Anhui Provincial Commission of Economy and Information Technology with technical support from

Assessment on heavy metals pollution of agricultural soil in Guanzhong District

The monitored soil samples were collected from Heihui irrigated area, Jiaokou irrigated area, Qianhe river valley and Jinghe river valley （hereafter Heihui, Jiaokou, Qianhe and Jinghe for short respectively） of Guanzhong District. According to the Environment Quality Standard for Soil （GB 15618-1995II）, we evaluated the pollution status of heavy metals （Cd, As, Cr and Pb） that could seriously endanger soil environment and human health by using single-factor index and synthetic pollution index methods. The results indicate that the synthetic pollution indices P of soil heavy metals are less than 0.7 in Heihui, Jiaokou, Qianhe and Jinghe of Guanzhong, the single-factor indices Pi of soil heavy metals of most soil samples are less than 0.7, so the soil environmental quality is in a good condition in Guanzhong on the whole; the enrichment degree of soil heavy metals is in the order of Heihui, Jinghe, Qianhe and Jiaokou; the contaminated degree of soil heavy metals has the feature of Cd 〉 As 〉 Cr 〉 Pb; heavy metals contents in the cultivated horizon soil are generally higher than those in its underlayer soil, heavy metals contents of soil have the characteristic of enriching towards the cultivated horizon; Cd exceeds standard in the soil samples HS07a, b and HS08a, b at the Yangtao orchard in Heihui and in the soil sample QHS01a at the suburban vegetable plot in Qianhe, which was mainly caused by the long-term irrational use of chemical fertilizer and pesticide.