Analysis and Assessment on the Heavy Metals in a Severely Degraded Subtropical Red Soil Region

5 different forests of Pinus massoniana, Schima superba, Liquidambar formosana, P. massoniana × S. superba, P. massoniana × L. formosana as the research object were set up to study the Cr, Cu and Zn content of degraded red soil region in subtropics. The soil heavy metal pollution degree was evaluated by national environmental quality standard (II class). The results showed that three soil metals of P. massoniana × S. superba were the highest, and the soil metals enrichment ability was strong. The order of single factor pollution index of metal elements was Cu (1.38) > Cr (0.81) > Zn (0.42), and moderately pollution, pollution warning and no pollution, respectively. There was no significant correlation between three soil heavy metals and soil total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP). These results suggested that the accumulation of heavy metal elements was not derived from the parent material of soil. There was a significant positive correlation between the three metal elements which indicated that the sources of the three elements were similar. The structural equation model showed that the direct and indirect effects among the influencing factors ultimately affected the activity of heavy metals by cascade effects.

New cadmium and rare earth metal tungstates with the scheelite type structure

New cadmium and rare earth metal tungstates with the formula Cd0.25RE0.50 0.25WO4 （RE=Nd, Sin, Eu, Gd, D-statistical distrib- uted vacancies in cation sublattice） were synthesized by the solid-state reaction between CdWO4 and corresponding RE2W209. The obtained phases crystallize in the scheelite type structure. The Cd0.25RE0.5 0.25WO4 compounds were characterized by X-ray diffractometer （XRD）, （DTA-TG）, infrared （IR） and EPR methods.

Synthesis of Polymer-Bonded Quaternary Ammonium Type Metal Porphyrins

The reaction of pyrrole with 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde afforded new porphyrin ligand 1. Treatment of 1 with copper( II ) acetate, cobalt ( II ) acetate gave complexes 2-3 respectively. 2 and 3 reacted with Merrifield's peptide resin produced 4 and 5. Complexes 4 and 5 reacted with methyl iodide respectively gave 6-7. The new compounds 1-7 have been identified by H-1 NMR, IR, MS and UV-visible spectra, elemental analysis and AES.

BASIC REGULARITY OF PETROGENESIS AND METALLOGENESIS OF NANLING CRUST-DERIVED TYPE GRANITOIDS

In the light of analysis of the internal relations among the source strata for magmatism, thegranitic magmas and the endogenic metallizations, the basic regularity of petrogenesis and metallo-genesis of Nanling crust-derived type granitoids can be generalized as follows: (1) Two suites ofsource strata for Magmatism-the Pre-Sinian and the Lower Sinianl here the unity of the old foldbasement, the source strata for magmatism and the source strata for metallization are particularlyhighlighted. (2) Multi-stage melting of source strata for magmatism resulting in the formation ofmajor ore-related granites of three different stages (the Late Jinningean stage, the Late Caledonianstage, and the Late Indosinian-Late Yanshanian stage) under the control of tw0 tectonic units(geosyncline and diwa). (3) Three endogenic meta1logenic epoches accompanying the three stagesof ore-related granitic magmatism. (4) One major metallogenic epoch characterized by concentrat-ed commercial metallizations in large scale related to the Yanshanian crust-derived type granites.Tectonically,this major metallogenic epoch is exactly consistent with the stage of violent diwa ac-tivity. This is by no means fortuitous, but is the unavoidable result of the development and evolu-tion of the objective geologic history.

STUDIES ON THE PROPERTIES OF SCHIFF BASE TYPE ARYLMERCURY COMPOUNDS Ⅲ TRANSMETALLATION REACTION OF SCHIFF BASE TYPE ARYLMERCURY COMPOUNDS WITH METALLIC TIN

The transmetallation reaction of 4 Schiff base type arylmercury compounds with metallic tin has been carried out in refluxing xylene.It was found that the reaction proceeds in the same manner as that of chloro[2-(phenylazo)phenyl]mercury(Ⅱ) to give dichlorobisaryltin(Ⅳ).The ~1H NMR spectra of the products provide evidence for the presence of N→Sn intramolecular coordination.The formation of dichlorobisaryltin(Ⅳ)as a unique product probably arises from the N→Sn intramolecular coordination which results in the increasing of the stability of the molecule.

Removal of Anionic Metal Ions from Wastewater by Hydroxide-type Adsorbents

Generally speaking,anionic metal concentrations in wastewater from industries and mineral processing plants are well above the allowed limits for effluent set by the Ministry of Environment of Japan. Nowadays,the removal of anionic ions has been considered difficult and development of new process is desperately needed. In this paper,we report the development of three hydroxide-type adsorbents,illustrating their adsorption efficiency in removing As,Se,Mo and Sb ions from aqueous solutions. The main finding of this work was that the adsorption behavior was influenced very much by both the pH and the adsorbent concentration. Nevertheless,the newly developed hydroxide-type adsorbents were very effective in reducing the concentration of those anionic ions.

Effects of gate-buffer combined with a p-type spacer structure on silicon carbide metal semiconductor field-effect transistors

An improved structure of silicon carbide metal-semiconductor field-effect transistors （MESFET） is proposed for high power microwave applications. Numerical models for the physical and electrical mechanisms of the device are presented, and the static and dynamic electrical performances are analysed. By comparison with the conventional structure, the proposed structure exhibits a superior frequency response while possessing better DC characteristics. A p-type spacer layer, inserted between the oxide and the channel, is shown to suppress the surface trap effect and improve the distribution of the electric field at the gate edge. Meanwhile, a lightly doped n-type buffer layer under the gate reduces depletion in the channel, resulting in an increase in the output current and a reduction in the gate-capacitance. The structural parameter dependences of the device performance are discussed, and an optimized design is obtained. The results show that the maximum saturation current density of 325 mA/mm is yielded, compared with 182 mA/mm for conventional MESFETs under the condition that the breakdown voltage of the proposed MESFET is larger than that of the conventional MESFET, leading to an increase of 79% in the output power density. In addition, improvements of 27% cut-off frequency and 28% maximum oscillation frequency are achieved compared with a conventional MESFET, respectively.

A New Sandwiched-type Polyoxotungstate Containing {Cd_4} Transition-metal Cluster:Synthesis,Structure and Luminescent Property

A new sandwiched polyoxometalate [HK11Cd4Cl2（PW9034）2]·18H2O （1）, incor- porating a unique hybrid tetranuclear cadmium cluster （abbreviated to {Cd4}） with two trivacant polyanions [B-α-PW9O34]9-, has been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy, UV-vis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Crystal data for 1： monoclinic, space group C2/c, a = 19.2997（4）, b = 13.8014（3）, c = 31.9819（8） A, β = 102.764（2）°, V= 8308.3（3） A3, Z = 4, P2O86Cl2K11Cd4W18H37, Mr = 5735.13, Dc = 4.584 mg-mm-3, F（000） = 10084, μ = 26.579 mm-1, the final R = 0.0378 and wR = 0.0989 for 6558 observed reflections （I〉 2σ（I））. X-ray crystallographic study shows that the molecular structure of 1 contains four cadmium atoms. Two CdO6 distorted octahedra and two CdOsC1 distorted octahedra combine with each other in turn via edge-sharing, resulting in a regular rhomb-like cluster sandwiched between two {B-a-PW9034} units. Further, the sandwich-type polyoxoanions were connected by K＋ ions to form a complicated 3-D open-framework through connecting with each terminal O atom of the [Cd4C12（PW9O34）2]12- polyoxoanions. In addition, compound 1 exhibits photoluminescence property at room temperature and the band gap can be assessed at 3.25 eV.

Heavy metal(loid) pollution in mine wastes of a Carlin-type gold mine in southwestern Guizhou, China and its environmental impacts

Mercury pollution resulting from artisanal gold mining is a serious environmental problem in many developing countries. In this study, we analyzed heavy metal(loid) contamination in mine wastes from a Carlin-type gold mine in southwestern Guizhou, China. Highly elevated levels of As, Hg, Tl, Sb, and Cd—up to 5844, 28,29, 581 and 3.0 mg/kg, respectively—were observed in the mine wastes, but no significant accumulation of Cr, Ni, Cu,Zn, and Pb was found. The smelting process of gold ores had significant impacts on the enrichment of As, Tl, and Hg in the mine wastes. Due to the significant metal(loid)pollution in this gold mine, the ecological risks are classified as ‘‘very high.'' Hg and As are the major pollutants with a relative contribution of 55.9 % and 24.2 % to the risk index, respectively. Phytoremediation could be used to reduce heavy metal contamination and recycle the gold simultaneously. Hg–As–Tl pollution should be considered in gold extraction at Carlin-type gold mines.

新疆阿尔金西段瓦石峡南锂铍稀有金属矿成矿背景与勘查进展

锂、铍等稀有金属矿产是重要的战略矿产资源。近年来,在阿尔金地区发现了多处稀有金属伟晶岩型矿床,已成为我国一处新的稀有金属成矿带,但调查研究水平总体较低。通过对阿尔金造山带的成矿动力背景的讨论,得出阿尔金造山带的稀有金属成矿作用涵盖了多个不同的造山运动构造演化阶段,证明该区域具备良好的稀有金属成矿条件,并具有巨大的找矿潜力。通过对位于阿尔金西段的瓦石峡南锂铍稀有金属矿进行勘查评价,发现其具有大型远景:瓦石峡南锂铍稀有金属矿体主要赋存于绿片岩相-角闪岩相变质岩系中的伟晶岩脉中,矿床类型为花岗伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床;已有勘查成果显示此矿床目前推断的稀有金属资源量达到中型以上矿床规模,并且随着勘查工作的进行,在深部及外围还有极大增储空间。研究成果对在阿尔金造山带内寻找同类型矿床具有借鉴意义。

基于磁控溅射法生长hBN薄膜的MSM型真空紫外探测器(特邀)

针对目前大面积高质量六方氮化硼(hBN)薄膜的制备与转移存在均匀性、晶粒控制、无损转移等问题,采用射频磁控溅射技术成功在2英寸硅和蓝宝石介电衬底上沉积了hBN薄膜,拉曼光谱、X射线光电子能谱表征证实了薄膜具有明显的hBN特征。制备了hBN基金属-半导体-金属型光电探测器,并探究了电极材料、薄膜厚度以及叉指电极宽度和间距对探测性能的影响。优选出的Ni电极探测器具有极低的暗电流(<3 pA@100 V),对185 nm波长光具有明显光响应,响应度和比探测率分别为2.769 mA/W和2.969×10^(9)Jones。

中国首例太古宙LCT型矿化伟晶岩——鲁中雁翎关锂辉石伟晶岩的发现及意义

新太古代是地球演化历史上的重要时期,众多克拉通完成聚合并趋于成熟稳定,在此过程中广泛的陆块拼合及碰撞造山事件,形成了世界范围的稀有金属成矿作用高峰。我国的稀有金属成矿事件主要集中于显生宙,未见太古宙LCT型矿化伟晶岩的报道。本文第一作者所在的研究团队通过建立中国稀有金属伟晶岩的成矿谱系,厘定了大地构造演化与稀有金属成矿的关系,提出华北克拉通在我国具有产出太古宙伟晶岩的最佳条件。通过详细的野外地质勘查,我们在鲁中雁翎关地区首次发现了我国太古宙LCT型(Li-Cs-Ta)矿化伟晶岩。铌钽铁矿原位U-Pb定年结果显示,雁翎关伟晶岩经历了2609.0±13.0Ma和2501.6±8.6Ma两阶段成矿事件。其中,2609Ma成矿事件与华北克拉通东部块体雁翎关绿岩带的形成时代对应,2502Ma成矿事件则对应了与华北陆块克拉通化有关的大规模壳熔花岗岩事件。矿物学研究表明,雁翎关矿床伟晶岩中锂辉石Li_(2)O为7.66%~7.93%,接近锂辉石中Li_(2)O的理论上限,为高品质锂资源。同时伟晶岩还含有锂电气石、富Cs长石、钽锰矿和磷灰石,是典型的LCT型伟晶岩。相比于国内外同类型矿床,雁翎关伟晶岩结晶温压条件较高,故无透锂长石产出。~2.50Ga华北克拉通频繁的陆-陆碰撞作用,伴随了多期次的岩浆活动,为太古宙基底的渐进式部分熔融创造了持续的热供给,为稀有金属元素的超常富集及LCT型伟晶岩的形成提供了理想的条件。“富陆源组分基底+微陆块构造带”可作为华北克拉通伟晶岩型稀有金属资源的重要找矿标志。

贵州省土壤重金属背景值再研究

为探究贵州省背景土重金属含量的基本状况,进行了系统的场调工作,共采集自然土样468件.通过统计学和对比研究的方法,在“省域尺度”、“市域尺度”和“主要土类”的3个视角下重新提出贵州省土壤重金属的背景值.结果表明,省域推荐值分别为ω(Cd)0.220 mg·kg^(−1)、ω(Co)12.35 mg·kg^(−1)、ω(Cr)87.68 mg·kg^(−1)、ω(Cu)33.70 mg·kg^(−1)、ω(Mn)668.7 mg·kg^(−1)、ω(Ni)33.99 mg·kg^(−1)、ω(Pb)19.91 mg·kg^(−1)、ω(Zn)88.88 mg·kg^(−1)、ω(As)21.29 mg·kg^(−1)和ω(Hg)0.151 mg·kg^(−1).与《中国土壤元素背景值》相比,Hg含量提高77.41%;Cu和As含量分别提高25.28%和33.06%;而Co和Pb含量低于省域推荐值,分别降低29.83%和36.39%.市域尺度下,贵州省背景土的重金属含量在地理空间上呈西北高、东南低的分布特点,其中,安顺市所有元素的均值水平均超过省域推荐值,超出5%—60%;而黔东南全部未超.主要土类下,黄棕壤土和石灰土表现出对重金属较强的富集特点,其中黄棕壤土在全省的分布与市域推荐值的高值区域基本吻合,毕节的中西部、六盘水和黔西南的北部都以黄棕壤为主要土类,研究涉及的重金属含量普遍偏高.水稻土的重金属含量受成土母质和人为因素的叠加影响,对于地质高背景区和工矿区附近,其含量水平较土类推荐值存在偏低的估计,需要开展针对性的研究工作.省域推荐值对于了解各重金属的实际分布存在局限性,因此,市域推荐值和土类推荐值有助于识别重金属含量的区域性分布特征.

各种金属参与的水相Barbier-Type反应

详细地概括了各种金属和金属盐参与的水相Barbier Type反应 ,对反应机理以及反应的化学、区域和立体选择性进行了系统的总结 ,此外 ,还对水相Barbier Type反应在有机合成中的应用作了初步的介绍 .

微紫青霉菌(Penicillium janthinellum)P-type ATPase及金属硫蛋白相关基因的克隆

本研究以高抗多种重金属盐的微紫青霉菌(Penicillium janthinellum)菌株GXCR为材料构建基因组fosmid文库。其插入片段集中在36～50kb,含13348个克隆,重组率为100%,大约覆盖了GXCR基因组的14.83倍。基于序列特异性和简并引物,利用PCR扩增分析了与酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)重金属盐抗性相关的CRS5和CUP2基因;基于兼并引物和序列特异性引物,利用PCR扩增分析了GXCR的P-type ATPase基因。通过菌落原位杂交和Southern blot鉴定了一个含铜转运P-type ATPase基因的阳性fosmid克隆,经亚克隆测序分析表明该基因与棒曲霉(Aspergillus clavatus菌株)NRRL1的P-type copper ATPase相似性达97%。没有筛选到与CRS5和CUP2基因同源的克隆,说明GXCR中可能不存在与酿酒酵母CUP2和CRS5高度同源的MT基因,同时也暗示酵母与丝状真菌的重金属盐的抗性机制有本质上的差异或者独特性。

广西贵金属矿产资源特征、成矿规律与找矿方向

广西贵金属矿产以金、银和铂为主,资源较为丰富,共发现金矿产地283处,累计查明资源量621.01539 t;银矿产地184处,累计查明资源量23347.64 t;伴生铂矿产地1处。矿床类型复杂多样,独立金矿以浅成中-低温热液型为主,岩浆热液型和陆相火山岩型次之;银矿以共伴生矿床为主,常与铅锌金同体共伴生;铂矿以微细粒浸染型金伴生铂为主。成矿时代上,金银矿既有成矿期次多、时间跨度长的特点,又有集中爆发成矿的特征,均以燕山期最为主,形成了广西主要的大、中型金银矿床。空间分布上,金银矿以地域性集中分布为特征,且明显受构造和岩浆岩控制,常沿区域性断裂/褶皱成群、成带分布或沿岩体与围岩的内外接触带分布,寒武系和三叠系是主要的赋矿层位。通过对广西贵金属区域成矿地质条件和资源潜力分析,圈定了成矿远景区,其中,金矿划分出13个成矿远景区,银矿划分出8个成矿远景区,预测资源量分别为1033 t和77655 t,表明金银矿仍有较大的找矿潜力。广西具有铂高背景值,成矿条件良好,应注意基性-超基性岩的评价,以及微细粒浸染型金矿种伴生铂的评价,同时也要注意新类型铂矿的查找,如与黑色岩系有关的铂矿床。

钢制金属I型夹芯板界面疲劳脱粘特性分析

[目的]针对金属I型夹芯板界面的脱粘失效破坏,开展金属夹芯板界面疲劳脱粘特性分析。[方法]基于内聚力模型理论,考虑时间历程、三维结构节点多自由度的损伤演化方程与收敛判定准则,开发适用于三维复杂结构的界面疲劳脱粘模拟程序;与焊接接头脱粘实验结果进行对比,验证所开发程序的准确性,并进一步对钢制金属I型夹芯板的界面疲劳脱粘行为进行数值模拟。[结果]结果显示,所开发的三维界面疲劳脱粘数值模拟程序与焊接接头脱粘实验间最大的模拟误差仅为14.05%;I型夹芯板承受面外载荷时,夹芯板界面处的脱粘破坏主要表现为沿焊缝方向的表面裂纹扩展,当裂纹扩展至夹芯板长度的70%左右时,裂纹开始贯穿腹板形成贯穿裂纹。[结论]所开发的三维复杂结构界面疲劳脱粘程序可以实现对金属夹芯板界面疲劳脱粘寿命的有效评估,对实际工程应用具有一定的指导意义。

螺杆式金属3D打印喷头设计与成形质量优化研究

针对桌面级送丝式金属3D打印系统存在的打印材料成本昂贵的问题,设计了螺杆式金属3D打印喷头,实现了对粉末状和颗粒状316L-Pom复合材料的打印成形.基于打印工艺参数优化实验,发现影响打印件线宽误差和面粗糙度的主要因素为挤出流量,在最优面打印参数的基础上,走壁次数是影响打印件尺寸精度的最主要参数.对比分析螺杆式金属3D打印喷头与送丝式金属3D打印喷头的成形质量,发现螺杆式金属3D打印喷头的尺寸误差和面粗糙度Sa均大于送丝式金属3D打印喷头,这主要是因为螺杆挤出过程中存在挤出流量的波动.

钠离子电池用O3型层状金属氧化物研究进展

O3型层状金属氧化物具有理论容量高、制备简单等优势,是有前景实现商业化应用的钠离子电池正极材料之一。固有的缺点严重限制了层状金属氧化物正极的商业化进程,迫切需要解决。系统总结不可逆相变、表面侵蚀、产气等问题,分析比较固相法、共沉淀法和溶胶凝胶法等3种常用合成方法的优缺点,对O3型层状金属氧化物相关改性策略进行归纳,包括元素掺杂、表面包覆、混相设计和高熵设计等。

金属离子对Trichoderma longibrachiatum UN32石斛碱型生物碱产量的影响

石斛碱是传统植物金钗石斛(Dendrobium nobile)的特征药用活性成分,结构上属于石斛型生物碱(dendrobine-type total alkaloids,DTTAs)。石斛碱的积累受周期和环境的影响,仅从植物中获取难以满足需求。该研究的对象Trichoderma longibrachiatum UN32是实验室前期通过复合诱变获得的产DTTAs的正突变株。为提高UN32的生物碱产量,使产物表达水平趋于稳定,该研究从UN32发酵培养基中无机盐的添加量出发,利用响应面法确定金属离子的最优配比。根据Plackett-Burman法设计筛选出对响应结果影响程度最显著的3个因素分别为Zn^(2+)、Cu^(2+)、Fe^(2+),其最佳添加时间和添加浓度分别是Cu^(2+)0.5 mmol/L(第6天)、Fe^(2+)0.4 mmol/L(第6天)和Zn^(2+)0.7 mmol/L(第3天)。响应面统计的结果显示,当模型响应值生物碱量达最大值时,Cu^(2+)、Zn^(2+)和Fe^(2+)的浓度分别为0.54、0.69、0.39 mmol/L,此时生物碱产量达到(317.36±6.48)μg,比初始培养基提高了72.68%。综上,金属离子及其不同组合对菌株UN32生物碱的积累具有促进作用,该方法具有较好的开发价值和应用前景。