Metallogenic Epoch of Nonferrous Metallic and Silver Deposits in the Jiaodong Peninsula, China and its Geological Significance

As China＇s most important gold-producing district, the Jiaodong Peninsula also contains copper, lead-zinc, molybdenum （tungsten）, and other nonferrous metal ore deposits, but the space-time and genetic relationships with gold deposits remain uncertain. To investigate the temporal relationship between these nonferrous metal and gold ore deposits, We collected the samples from a number of nonferrous metallic and silver deposits and metallogenetic rock bodies in the eastern Jiaodong Peninsula for isotopic dating. The results show that the Re-Os isotopic model ages of the Lengjia molybdenum deposit in Rongcheng range from 114.5 ± 1.8 Ma to 112.6 ± 1.5 Ma, with an average age of 113.6 ± 1.6 Ma; the LA-ICP-MS ^206pb/^238U ages of 33 zircons in the sericitization porphyritic monzogranite that hosts the Tongjiazhuang silver deposit in Rongcheng range between 122 Ma and 109 Ma, with a weighted mean age of 116.04 ± 0.95 Ma; the LA-ICP-MS ^206pb/^238U ages of 31 zircons in the copper metallogenic pyroxene monzodiorite that hosts the Kuangbei copper deposit in Rongcheng range from 126 Ma to 106 Ma, with a weighted mean age of 116.6 ± 1.7 Ma; and the LA-ICP-MS ^206pb/^238U ages of 19 zircons in the pyroxene monzodiorite surrounding the Dadengge gold and multimetal deposit in Weihai range from 113 Ma to 110 Ma, with a weighted mean age of 111.7 ± 0.6 Ma. All these results indicate that the metallogenic ages of the silver and nonferrous metallic deposits in the Jiaodong Peninsula are in a limited range from 118 Ma to 111 Ma. Previous studies have demonstrated that the isotopic ages of gold deposits in the Jiaodong Peninsula range from 123 Ma to 110 Ma, while Weideshanian magmatism occurred between 126 Ma to 108 Ma. Both these ranges are grossly consistent with the metallogenic ages of silver and nonferrous metallic deposits in this study, suggesting that the large-scale mineralization occurred in the Early Cretaceous when magmatic activities were strong. This epoch may be linked to the lithosphere thinning and the thermo-upwelling extension in eastern China at that time. In addition, field investigation also shows that gold and nonferrous metallic deposits are distributed nearby the Weideshanian granite, with the nonferrous metallic deposits lying within or surrounding the granite pluton and the gold deposits outside the granite pluton. We propose the following mineralization scenario： In the Early Cretaceous, an intensive lithospheric extension induced partial melting and degassing of the metasomatized lithospheric mantle, which resulted in the formation of mantle-derived fluids enriched in metal elements. During the rapid process of magma ascent and intrusion, crust-derived fluids were activated by the magmatic thermal dome and served to further extract ore-forming materials from the crust. These fluids may have mixed with the mantle-derived fluid to form a crust-mantle mixing-type ore-forming fluid. The high-temperature conditions in the center or in contact with the granitic magmatic thermal dome would have been favorable for the formation of porphyry-type, skarn-type, and hydrothermal-vein-type ores, thus forming a series of Mo（W）, Cu, and Pb-Zn deposits in the mid-eastern Jiaodong Peninsula. In contrast, the medium- to low-temperature conditions in the periphery of the magmatic thermal dome would have favored the deposition of gold （silver） ores under the appropriate physiochemical and structural conditions. The metaliogenic epoch of the molybdenum, copper, and silver deposits, and their spatio-temporal and genetic relations to the gold deposits, as demonstrated in this study, not only provide important insights to the study of regional metallogeny, our understanding of the metallogenesis of the Jiaodong type gold deposit, and the geodynamic background of the large-scale mineralization in the Jiaodong Peninsula, but also have practical value in guiding the mineral exploration.

Three-dimensional P-wave Velocity Structure Modelling of the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt: Crustal Architecture and Metallogenic Implications

In this study,we compiled and analyzed 69310 P-wave travel-time data from 6639 earthquake events.These events(M≥2.0)occurred from 1980 s to June 2019 and were recorded at 319 seismic stations(Chinese Earthquake Networks Center)in the study area.We adopted the double-difference seismic tomographic method(tomo DD)to invert the 3-D P-wave velocity structure and constrain the crust-upper mantle architecture of the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt(MLYB).A 1-D initial model extracted from wide-angle seismic profiles was used in the seismic tomography,which greatly reduced the inversion residual.Our results indicate that reliable velocity structure of th e uppermost mantle can be obtained when Pn is involved in the tomography.Our results show that:(1)the pattern of the uppermost mantle velocity structure corresponds well with the geological partitioning:a nearly E-W-trending low-velocity zone is present beneath the Dabie Orogen,in contrast to the mainly NE-trending low-velocity anomalies beneath the Jiangnan Orogen.They suggest the presence of thickened lower crust beneath the orogens in the study area.In contrast,the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks are characterized by relatively high-velocity anomalies;(2)both the ultra-high-pressure(UHP)metamorphic rocks in the Dabie Orogen and the low-pressure metamorphic rocks in the Zhangbaling dome are characterized by high-velocity anomalies.The upper crust in the Dabie Orogen is characterized by a low-velocity belt,sandwiched between two high velocity zones in a horizontal direction,with discontinuous low-velocity layers in the middle crust.The keel of the Dabie Orogen is mainly preserved beneath its northern section.We infer that the lower crustal delamination may have mainly occurred in the southern Dabie Orogen,which caused the mantle upwelling responsible for the formation of the granitic magmas emplaced in the middle crust as the low-velocity layers observed there.Continuous deep-level compression likely squeezed the granitic magma upward to intrude the upper crustal UHP metamorphic rocks,forming the'sandwich'velocity structure there;(3)high-velocity updoming is widespread in the crust-mantle transition zone beneath the MLYB.From the Anqing-Guichi ore field northeastward to the Luzong,Tongling,Ningwu and Ningzhen orefields,high-velocity anomalies in the crust-mantle transition zone increase rapidly in size and are widely distributed.The updoming also exists in the crust-mantle transition zone beneath the Jiurui and Edongnan orefields,but the high-velocity anomalies are mainly stellate distributed.The updoming high-velocity zone beneath the MLYB generally extends from the crust-mantle transition zone to the middle crust,different from the velocity structure in the upper crust.The upper crust beneath the Early Cretaceous extension-related Luzong and Ningwu volcanic basins is characterized by high velocity zones,in contrast to the low velocity anomalies beneath the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous compression-related Tongling ore field.The MLYB may have undergone a compressive-to-extensional transition during the Yanshanian(Jurassic-Cretaceous)period,during which extensive magmatism occurred.The near mantle-crustal boundary updoming was likely caused by asthenospheric underplating at the base of the lower crust.The magmas may have ascended through major crustal faults,undergoing AFC(assimilation and fractional crystallization)processes,became emplaced in the fault-bounded basins or Paleozoic sequences,eventually forming the many Cu-Fe polymetallic deposits there.

Crustal Electrical Structure and Deep Metallogenic Potential in Northern Wuyi Area(South China),based on Magnetotelluric Data

The northern Wuyi area,which is located in the northern Wuyi metallogenic belt,has superior mineralization conditions.The Pingxiang-Guangfeng-Jiangshan-Shaoxing fault(PSF)extends across the whole region regardless of whether or how the PSF relates to the near-surface mineralization.We carried out an MT survey in the region and obtained a reliable 2D model of the crustal electrical structure to a depth of 30 km.In the resistivity model,we inferred that a continuous high conductivity belt that ranges from the shallow to deep crust is a part of the PSF.Then,we estimated the fluid content and pressure gradient to identify the deep sources of fluid as well as its pattern of motion pattern.Finally,we proposed a model for the deep metallogenic migration processes that combines geological data,fluid content data,pressure gradient data,and the subsurface resistivity model.The model analysis showed that the Jiangnan orogenic belt and the Cathaysia block formed the PSF during the process of com.The deep fluid migrated upward through the PSF to the shallow crust.Therefore,we believe that the PSF is an ore-forming fluid migration channel and that it laid the material basis for large-scale mineralization in the shallow crust.

Metallogenic characteristics of the region of Northwest Hebei and analysis of ore prospecting potential in its peripheries

The region of Northwest Hebei is an area where Au-Ag polymetallic ore depsits are concentrated in Hebei Province. There were divided the Au ore-concentrated region with the magmatic-metamorphic diamictite zone as the center and the perpheral cover-strata zone and Ag-polymetallic metallogenic zone along the line of Xuanhua-Songli-Chicheng. Research on mantle branch structure indicates that Au-Ag polymetallic ore-forming materials come mainly from the deep interior of the Earth. The ore-forming materials tend to migrate upwards through the multi-stage evolution of mantle plume, and are concentrated as ores in the favourable tectonic expansion zone of a mantle branch structure. As viewed in plane, from the center to the periphery and as viewed in space, from the lower part to the upper part there exists Au-Ag-Pb-Zn zonation, as evidenced by drilling data from a number of mines. So, there is still great potential for ore prospecting in the region of Northwest Hebei.

Measurement of Metallogenic Depth and Deep Second Enrichment Belt Forecasting in Jiaodong Gold Deposit

The depth is important for ore finding in Jiaodong gold deposit. However, many geologists are still discussing how to confirm the depth for the tectonic and metallogenesis formation. The authors of this paper propose a new method-the correction of metallogenic depth via its structure to calculate the depth. This method, based on the crust rock in a solid stress state, emphasizes the elastic pattern rather than the static fluid pattern. In addition, this method is more appropriate to the actual situation in the crust than the method of weight/special weight. The authors of this paper illustrating, with the Jiaodong gold deposit as an example, the metallogenic depth correction via structure conclude that the depth of the most deposits, lower than 4-6 km, is often 2.5 km. Therefore, the authors suggest that there exists a second enrichment belt and that ore resources are more potential at the belt of Jiaodong area. These results have been demonstrated by years of exploration.

DECOLLEMENT STRUCTURE AND METALLOGENIC PROGNOSIS FOR BURIED URANIUM DEPOSITS OF EAST HUNAN AND ITS ADJACENT AREA,CHINA

East Hunan and its adjacent area is defined as an intraplate orogenic zone with help of new theory of geology and multi-discipline research. The evolutionary stages, deep structrue, geological feature, rotation strain and metallogeny of NW-striking transfer fault zone are also discussed. NE-trending strike-slip fault zone, as a whole, entered action during Pacific movement and underwent 3 stages: the strike-slip shear, the pull-apart extension and the’ compressive thrust. The aurthors studied macro-and microscopic features of strike-slip fault and its control of uranium mineralization at Jinguangchung deposit by means of modern structure analysis, micro-submicroscopic investigation and geophysical measurement.

Coupling Effects on Gold Mineralization of Deep and Shallow Structures in the Northwestern Jiaodong Peninsula, Eastern China

For understanding the possible deep-seated processes and geodynamic constrains on gold mineralization, comprehensive physicochemical and geochemical studies of gold mineralization have been undertaken within the paleo-lithosphere framework during the metailogenic epoch from the northwestern part of the Jiaodong Peninsula in this paper. A general image of the paleo-crust has been remained although it has been superimposed and reformed by post-metailogenic tectonic movements. The gold ore deposits occur usually in local uplifts and gradient belts featuring a turn from steep to gentle in granite-metamorphic contact zones, relative uplifts of gradient zones of the Curier isothermal interfaces, depressions of the Moho discontinuity and areas where depth contours are cut by isotherms perpendicularly. Gold mineralization and lithogenesis are characterized by high temperature, low pressure and high strength of thermal flux. The depth of mineralization ranges from 0.8 to 4.5 km. The depth of the top interface of the granitic complex in the metallogenic epoch is about 3 km. There is a low-velocity layer （LVL） at the bottom of the upper crust with a depth close to 19.5 km, which may be a detachment belt in the crust. The appearance of the LVL indicates the existence of paleo-hyperthermal fluid or relics of molten magma chambers, which reflects partial melting within the crust during the diagenetic and metallogenic epochs and the superposition effects of strike-slip shearing of the Taulu fault zone. The subsidence of the Moho is probably attributed to the coupling process of the NW-SE continental collision between North China and the Yangtze Block and the strike-slip movement of the Tanlu fault accompanied with underplating of mantle magma in the northwestern part of the Jiaodong Peninsula. The underplating of mantle magma may result in partial melting and make granite magma transfer upwards. This is favorable for the migration of metallogenic materials from deep to shallow to be enriched to form deposits. Coupling interactions between the strike-slip of the Taulu fault, the underplating of mantle magma, partial melting within the crust, and hyperthermal fluid, etc. may be the important factors controlling the gold mineralization and spatial structures in the metailogenic system.

A Metallogenic Model of Gold Deposits of the Jiaodong Granite-Greenstone Belt

An analysis of trace elements and isotopic geochemistry suggest that the ore-forming materials of gold deposits in the Jiaodong granite-greenstone belt have multiple sources, especially the mantle source. Seismic wave, magnetic and gravity fields show that the crust-mantle structure and its coupling mechanism are the fundamental dynamic causes for the exchange and accumulation of materials and energy in the metallogenic system. Considering the evolution history of the structural setting, the tectono-metallogenic dynamics model of the area can be summarized as follows: (1) occurrence of the greenstone belt during the Archean-Proterozoic-the embryonic form of Au-source system; (2) stable tectonic setting in the Paleozoic-an intermittence in gold mineralization; (3) intensive activation and reformation of the greenstone belt in the Mesozoic-tectono-mineralization and tectono-diagensis; (4) posthumous structural activity in the Cenozoic-destruction of orebodies in the later stage. In the middle and late Indosinian, the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone cut deeply into the upper mantle so that the ore-bearing fluids migrated to higher layers through the crust-mantle interaction, resulting in alteration and mineralization.

Regional metallogenic structure based on aeromagnetic data in northern Chile

Chile is a very important country that forms part of the Andean metallogenic belts. The Atacama and Domeyko fault systems in northern Chile control the tectonic- magmatic activities that migrate eastward and the types of mineral resources. In this paper, we processed and interpreted aeromagnetic data from northern Chile using reduction to pole, upward field continuation, the second derivative calculation in the vertical direction, inclination angle calculation, and analytical signal amplitude analysis. We revealed the locations and planar distribution characteristics of the regional deep faults along the NNE and NS directions. Furthermore, we observed that the major reasons for the formation of the tectonic-magmatic rocks belts were the nearly parallel deep faults distributed from west to east and multiple magmatic activities along these faults. We ascertained the locations of volcanic mechanisms and the relationships between them using these regional deep faults. We deduced the spatial distributions of the basic-intermediate, basic, and acidic igneous rocks, intrusive rocks, and sedimentary sequences. We showed the linear positive magnetic anomalies and magnetic anomaly gradient zones by slowly varying the background, negative magnetic anomaly field, which indicated the presence of strong magmatic activities in these regional deep faults; it also revealed the favorable areas of copper and polymetallic mineralization. This study provides some basic information for further research on the geology, structural characteristics, and mineral resource prospecting in northern Chile.

THE METALLOGENIC STRUCTURE OF VEIN-SHAPED LEAD-ZINCDEPOSIT IN HENGSHANLING-SHEXINGPING,CHENZHOU,HUNAN

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热液成矿系统构造控矿理论

构造对成矿的控制是热液成矿系统的典型特征之一,系统剖析多重尺度控矿构造的几何学、运动学、动力学、流变学和热力学对认识矿床成因和预测找矿至关重要;而如何实现控矿构造格架、渗透性结构、成矿流体通道和矿化变形网络由静态到多尺度时-空四维动态的转变,查明流体通道和矿床增量生长过程与控制因素,揭示热液成矿系统的构造-流体耦合成矿机制和定位规律是亟待解决的关键科学难题。为此,我们在对已有相关成果系统梳理的基础上,提出了科学构建热液成矿系统构造控矿理论的基本要点与对应方法及应用范畴:(1)流体而非构造是构造控矿理论的中心,热液系统的流体流动与成矿作用受控于断裂带格架及其渗透性结构,其中渗透率是将流体流动与流体压力变化联系起来理解控矿构造的核心;(2)不同控矿构造组合的关键控制是构造差应力和流体压力的大小,而矿化类型的变化可能是由于构造应力场引起的容矿构造方位的不同和赋矿围岩之间的强度差异所致;(3)流体通道的生长始于超压流体储库上游围岩中孤立的微裂隙沿流体压力梯度最大的方向、随裂隙发育且相互连结而形成新的长裂隙,并最终连通形成断裂网络内的流体通道,矿床的增量生长发生在高流体通量的短爆发期,断层反复滑动驱动其内流体压力、流速和应力快速变化,当由此诱发的流体通道生长破坏了流体系统的动态平衡时,随之而来的流体快速降压就成为金属沉淀成矿的关键驱动因素;(4)以热液裂隙-脉系统野外地质观测和构造-蚀变-矿化网络三维填图为基础,通过宏观与微观各级控矿构造相结合、地质历史与构造应力分析相结合、局部与区域点-线-面相结合、浅部与深部相结合、时间与空间相结合、定性和定量相结合,对各种控矿因素开展多学科、多尺度、多层次、全方位综合研究,是应遵循的基本原则;(5)通过构造-蚀变-矿化网络填图,将蚀变-矿化体与控矿构造的类型、形态、规模、产状和间距等几何学特征联系起来,利用热液裂隙-脉系统和断裂网络拓扑学及矿体三维几何结构分析等定量方法查明控矿构造格架和渗透性结构并揭示矿化变形网络的连通性与成矿潜力;(6)合理构建地质模型,选取合适的热力学参数和动力学边界条件,利用HCh和COMSOL等方法,定量模拟成矿过程中的流体流动、热-质传递、应力变形和化学反应等的时-空变化,是揭示构造-流体耦合成矿机理和定位规律、预测矿化中心和确定找矿目标的有效途径。进而提出了构造控矿理论的研究流程:聚焦构造-流体耦合成矿机制和定位规律这一关键科学问题,选择热液裂隙-脉系统和构造-蚀变-矿化网络为重点研究对象;通过几何学描述、运动学判断、流变学分析、动力学解析和热力学综合,厘定控矿构造格架,定位矿化中心,示踪成矿流体通道和多种矿化样式的增量生长过程及其关键控制,揭示渗透性结构的时-空演变规律及构造再活化与成矿定位的成因关联,建立构造-流体耦合成矿模式,服务新一轮战略找矿突破。以胶东焦家金矿田为例,开展控矿构造理论研究和成矿预测应用实践,证实了其科学性和有效性。

辽东硼成矿带研究进展

辽东地区是我国重要的硼矿资源产地,赋存硼矿的胶-辽-吉带古元古时期处于活动陆缘环境。辽东硼矿成因为沉积变质再造矿床,硼物质源于蚀变洋壳、俯冲沉积物、蛇纹石化地幔楔等俯冲洋壳系统的富硼地体,在洋壳向克拉通俯冲过程中,硼质在弧前释放进入岛弧火山系统参与热液循环,通过海底热泉等热液方式汇集于火山盆地形成含水硼酸盐初始矿层并被随后的火山沉积覆盖保存。在区域变质变形过程中,含水硼酸盐脱水重结晶并就位于变形构造形成的有利部位富集成矿。辽东硼同位素组成特征反应了对源区储库重硼的继承性,因此,用于探讨矿床成矿地质环境更具意义,而非用于海相和非海相沉积简单的对比。同产于含硼岩系中的含铜硫铁矿矿床沉积时间稍晚于硼矿床,两者空间上呈错位产出,据此可辅助找矿预测工作。区域上虎皮峪-红石砬子-清河复式背斜是辽河旋回多幕变形作用叠加形成的,宏观上控制含硼岩系硼矿床的空间分布。通过总结以往工作,建立了辽东硼矿床成矿模式和找矿模型,分析了找矿方向,特别指出的是,部分盖县岩组地层出露地区,深部具有寻找隐伏硼矿的探索空间,未来找矿前景可期。

河南银洞坡金矿“三位一体”找矿预测地质模型及应用示范

河南银洞坡金矿位于河南省桐柏县朱庄镇,为一特大型金矿床,同体共生银、铅锌。运用勘查区找矿预测方法与理论,构建成矿地质体、成矿构造与成矿结构面和成矿作用特征标志为主的“三位一体”找矿预测地质模型。野外调查和矿床学研究认为,矿床成因为与早白垩世岩浆作用有关的中低温岩浆热液矿床,主成矿阶段温度介于200~350℃之间,碳、氢、氧、硫同位素研究表明,成矿物质和成矿流体主要来源于岩浆。确定成矿地质体为矿区深部隐伏早白垩世花岗岩体;成矿结构面为岩性界面(硅/钙面)、褶皱成矿构造系统结构面、沉积成岩结构面;成矿作用特征标志主要为矽卡岩化、钾化、黄铁绢英岩化、硅化、铁白云石化、萤石矿化、碳酸盐化。由此建立了银洞坡金矿找矿预测地质模型,圈定了找矿靶区,施工的钻孔见矿率达到85%,对该地区及邻区进一步找矿具有现实的指导意义。

胶东牟乳成矿带邓格庄金矿区深部构造特征及成矿预测

牟乳成矿带是胶东重要的金成矿带之一,为金矿集中分布区,是国内外金矿勘探和研究的热点。近年来,胶东金矿成矿规律和找矿理论不断取得新认识,尤其是热隆—伸展成矿理论的提出为深部找矿提供了理论基础。热隆—伸展成矿理论更加凸显出构造对金成矿的重要意义,深部构造研究由此显得尤为重要。广域电磁法是何继善院士团队研发的一种人工源频率域电磁勘探方法.

贵州水银洞金矿床成矿规律与找矿预测模型

水银洞金矿床是黔西南地区超大型金矿床之一,由于多年的开采和生产规模的扩大,保有资源量越来越少,亟须综合研究成矿规律和分析成矿潜力。在综合分析以往资料基础上,结合野外调查,认为水银洞金矿床成矿地质体为深部隐伏岩浆岩体,成矿构造为灰家堡背斜与其两侧的逆冲断裂,成矿结构面为浅部三叠系地层裂隙面、龙潭组地层层间裂隙面和切层裂隙面、龙潭组地层与茅口组地层不整合接触面,成矿具有明显垂向分带特征。结合地球物理和地球化学信息构建找矿预测模型,圈定5处找矿潜力区,即控制边界区(包括已知矿体或矿权边界的北部和南部)、新矿化样式/新矿种找矿区(簸箕田矿段以东地区)、新类型/新空间找矿区(水银洞矿权范围隆起区的深部)、新找矿方向区(矿区西南部背斜,如矮煤洞背斜)和探索找矿区(灰家堡背斜水银洞矿权边界以西至回龙断裂之间的区域),为进一步找矿预测提供了参考。

辽宁二道沟金矿床重磁深部构造探测与找矿研究

本文通过重磁异常定性分析、重磁三维反演物性模型计算,对二道沟金矿床及外围深部构造进行解释,矿区及外围为火山断陷盆地,基底为花岗岩地层,断陷盆地由两个相对独立的二道沟(矿区)火山洼及北部大北沟火山洼地组成;结合区域构造及已知矿产地质资料进行深部构造成矿研究,研究了二道沟金矿床矿体与岩体及深层断裂的空间关系,判断二道沟金矿床与燕山后期酸性花岗岩相关,主要控矿岩脉受火山盆地和北东向深层断裂控制;二道沟金矿床成因是在厚大且相对封闭的火山盆地,深部酸性岩体热源和物质通过深部构造通道在火山洼地断裂构造附近富集成矿;依据二道沟金矿床主要矿体成因研究结果,提出了二道沟火山洼地、大北沟火山洼地和基岩隆起区3个找矿有利地段,找矿以深层断裂及其次级断裂为探测对象。

长江中下游成矿带南陵—宣城矿集区中生代构造—岩浆—成矿特征及其地质意义

安徽南陵—宣城矿集区是长江中下游成矿带中一个新确立的矿集区,近年来找矿勘查工作取得重要进展。笔者等在广泛收集以往区域地质调查以及最新地球物理探测和矿床地质勘查成果的基础上,系统总结了矿集区地质构造、岩浆岩和铜多金属矿床的地质和地球化学特征,探讨了中生代时期区域构造作用与岩浆作用和成矿作用的相互关系。研究认为,南陵—宣城矿集区构造上为一个受深大断裂控制的中生代—新生代陆相凹陷—断陷火山—沉积盆地,盆地之上叠置古生代地层构成的NE向指状展布的复背斜/逆冲推覆体,盆地基底地层组成和构造特征与盆地之上叠置的复背斜/逆冲推覆体基本一致,且两者均发育相同时代和特征的侵入岩及相关铜多金属矿床。南陵—宣城矿集区构造—岩浆—成矿特征总体上与长江中下游成矿带其他地区基本一致,反映自中生代以来受古太平洋板块向欧亚板块之下俯冲作用的控制,经历了强烈的陆内变形改造以及相应的多期次NW—SE向挤压作用和拉张作用。南陵—宣城矿集区构造—岩浆—成矿特征同时又具有其独特性,表现在其地质构造格架、侵入岩和矿床特征与长江中下游成矿带其他火山—沉积盆地明显不同,反映其在区域构造空间以及地壳基底结构和组成上的差异,同时揭示南陵—宣城矿集区是长江中下游成矿带跨构造单元复合系统的典型代表。

黔西南赖子山背斜区成矿结构面特征及其对卡林型金矿控矿作用

赖子山背斜位于黔西南卡林型金矿矿集区中部,成矿条件优越。通过对赖子山背斜区内成矿结构面特征的归纳总结,对区内卡林型金矿的控矿作用进行剖析。结果表明:研究区主要发育原生成矿结构面和次生成矿结构面,成矿结构面对金矿的控制作用表现在对金矿体产出、规模、形态、厚度和品位的控制,并指出赖子山背斜区卡林型金矿成矿主要受次生成矿结构面控制。

甘肃文县阳山金矿床高楼山矿段构造叠加晕地球化学特征及岩浆—构造—成矿耦合关系简析

甘肃文县阳山金矿是产于勉县—略阳弧形缝合带中段内的超大造山型金矿床。在26年的勘探工作中,安坝和葛条湾矿段一直是阳山金矿勘查的核心矿段。高楼山矿段于2021年正式进入普查阶段。本文旨在更好地了解矿区的深部隐伏盲矿,并对其未来的发展前景进行预测。结果表明,高楼山矿段69号勘探线剖面的成矿及伴生元素构造叠加晕的轴(垂)向分带序列从上而下依次为:Cu-As-Pb-Zn-Mn-Co-Ag-Au-Sb-Mo-Bi;共圈定两处深部找矿靶区,在1850 m标高处,213号矿脉的前缘晕仍然存在,而且随着深度的增加,前缘晕的强度也在不断加强,这表明矿体正在向更深处延伸;而在1750 m标高处,前缘晕的增强更加显著,这暗示着深部可能存在隐伏的矿体。此外,在分析69号勘探线3个钻孔构造叠加晕的基础上,提出新的阳山金矿构造控矿模式——推覆体复式褶皱构造控矿,并对ZK4901岩心的千枚理、断层、岩体、矿(化)体产状特征,利用统计分析方法进一步佐证了该模式。本文研究认为阳山金矿主体受逆冲断裂构造作用控制,含矿构造以北倾为主,局部受到褶皱的制约,岩浆岩主要沿断裂带产出,可形成矿(化)体,并根据岩浆岩有无矿化,将矿(化)体产出类型分为“2大类、5小类”,同时指出岩浆热液与成矿关系密切,但高品位的矿体主要分布在千枚岩中。这将为今后的勘探和开采提供重要的参考。

盐构造变形特征与变形机制:基于地震解析与构造模拟的研究探讨及对复杂构造区岩盐迁移与成矿的启示

钾盐是我国长期紧缺矿种之一,我国钾肥对外依存度约30%~45%。现代盐湖钾盐储量有限。随着多年开采,资源量锐减,亟需开展对古代深层含盐盆地的钾盐成矿研究。深入研究盐构造的变形机制与变形特征,揭示不同构造环境下盐构造变形及盐体迁移、聚集、保存规律,对我国钾盐勘探新区、新层位具有重要意义。本文综述了岩盐物理性质及盐构造驱动力,结合构造物理模拟和地震解释分析盐构造变形机制,揭示了复杂构造区岩盐迁移规律,最终以库车坳陷和勐野井地区为例,结合离散元数值模拟分析了复杂构造地区的钾盐有利成矿区。结果表明:①克拉通盆地盐构造主要受重力负载作用控制,在进积前缘产生差异负载,有利于发育大型盐刺穿构造;②拉张环境下上覆地层减薄和正断层的存在为盐底辟的上涌提供了空间,岩盐在断层处汇聚;③挤压环境下岩盐在背斜构造核部汇聚,同构造沉积、先存盐底辟、基底隆起会影响盐背斜的形成与演化;④库车坳陷岩盐在南部秋里塔格构造带和北部克拉苏构造带背斜核部汇聚增厚,北部克拉苏构造带受挤压变形强烈,南秋里塔格构造带已发现含钾显示,为钾盐有利勘探区;⑤勐野井钾盐为深部源盐、浅部聚集的“二层楼”模式,深部侏罗海相层系源盐成矿潜力巨大,地表浅层出露小范围岩盐的断裂带附近可能存在隐伏钾盐矿床。