On the radiogenic heat production of metamorphic,igneous,and sedimentary rocks

Sedimentary rocks cover-73% of the Earth's surface and metamorphic rocks account for approximately91% of the crust by volume. Understanding the average behavior and variability of heat production for these rock types are vitally important for developing accurate models of lithospheric temperature. We analyze the heat production of ～204,000 whole rock geochemical data to quantify how heat production of these rocks varies with respect to chemistry and their evolution during metamorphism. The heat production of metaigneous and metasedimentary rocks are similar to their respective protoliths. Igneous and metaigneous samples increase in heat production with increasing SiO_2 and K_2 O, but decrease with increasing FeO, MgO and CaO. Sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks increase in heat production with increasing Al_2 O_3, FeO, TiO_2, and K_2 O but decrease with increasing CaO. For both igneous and sedimentary rocks, the heat production variations are largely correlated with processes that affect K_2 O concentration and covary with other major oxides as a consequence. Among sedimentary rocks,aluminous shales are the highest heat producing(2.9 μW^(-3)) whereas more common iron shales are lower heat producing(1.7 μW m^(-3)). Pure quartzites and carbonates are the lowest heat producing sedimentary rocks. Globally, there is little definitive evidence for a decrease in heat production with increasing metamorphic grade. However, there remains the need for high resolution studies of heat production variations within individual protoliths that vary in metamorphic grade. These results improve estimates of heat production and natural variability of rocks that will allow for more accurate temperature models of the lithosphere.

Organic matter enrichment model of fine-grained rocks in volcanic rift lacustrine basin:A case study of lower submember of second member of Lower Cretaceous Shahezi Formation in Lishu rift depression of Songliao Basin,NE China

Based on sedimentary characteristics of the fine-grained rocks of the lower submember of second member of the Lower Cretaceous Shahezi Formation(K_(1)sh_(2)^(L))in the Lishu rift depression,combined with methods of organic petrology,analysis of major and trace elements as well as biological marker compound,the enrichment conditions and enrichment model of organic matter in the fine-grained sedimentary rocks in volcanic rift lacustrine basin are investigated.The change of sedimentary paleoenvironment controls the vertical distribution of different lithofacies types in the K_(1)sh_(2)^(L)and divides it into the upper and lower parts.The lower part contains massive siliceous mudstone with bioclast-bearing siliceous mudstone,whereas the upper part is mostly composed of laminated siliceous shale and laminated fine-grained mixed shale.The kerogen types of organic matter in the lower and upper parts are typesⅡ_(2)–Ⅲand typesⅠ–Ⅱ_(1),respectively.The organic carbon content in the upper part is higher than that in the lower part generally.The enrichment of organic matter in volcanic rift lacustrine basin is subjected to three favorable conditions.First,continuous enhancement of rifting is the direct factor increasing the paleo-water depth,and the rise of base level leads to the expansion of deep-water mudstone/shale deposition range.Second,relatively strong underwater volcanic eruption and rifting are simultaneous,and such event can provide a lot of nutrients for the lake basin,which is conducive to the bloom of algae,resulting in higher productivity of typesⅠ–Ⅱ_(1)kerogen.Third,the relatively dry paleoclimate leads to a decrease in input of fresh water and terrestrial materials,including TypeⅢkerogen from terrestrial higher plants,resulting in a water body with higher salinity and anoxic stratification,which is more favorable for preservation of organic matter.The organic matter enrichment model of fine-grained sedimentary rocks of volcanic rift lacustrine basin is established,which is of reference significance to the understanding of the organic matter enrichment mechanism of fine-grained sedimentary rocks of Shahezi Formation in Songliao Basin and even in the northeast China.

Newly developed evidence for the original Tethysan island-arc volcanic rocks in the southern segment of the South Lancangjiang Belt

This paper re-describes the characteristics of pre-Ordovician (Pt3) metamorphic volcanic rocks in the Huimin-Manlai region of Yunnan Province from the aspects of petrographic characteristics, rock assemblage, petrochemistry, REE, trace elements, lead isotopes and geotectonic setting. The metamorphic volcanic rocks maintain blasto-intergranular and blasto-andesitic textures; the volcanic rocks are characterized by a basalt-andesite-dacite assemblage; the volcanic rocks are basic-intermediate-intermediate-acid in chemical composition, belonging to semi-alkaline rocks, with calc-alkaline series and tholeiite series coexisting, and they are characterized by low TiO2 contents; their REE distribution patterns are of the LREE-enrichment right-inclined type; the volcanic rocks are enriched in large cation elements and commonly enriched in Th and partly depleted in Ti, Cr and P, belonging to the Gondwana type as viewed from their Pb isotopic composition; petrochemically the data points fall mostly within the field of island-arc volcanic rocks. All these characteristics provided new evidence for the existence of original Tethysan island-arc volcanic rocks in the region studied.

A Petrographic and Mineralogical Study of Volcanic Rocks from the Mayaxueshan Area, North Qilian Fold Belt, NW China

The Ordovician volcanic rocks in the Mayaxueshan area have been pervasivelyaltered or metamorphosed and contain abundant secondary minerals such as albite, chlorite, epidote,prehnite, pumpellyite, actinolite, titanite, quartz, and/or calcite. They were denoted as spilitesor spilitic rocks in terms of their petrographic features and mineral assemblages. The metamorphicgrades of the volcanic rocks are equivalent to that of the intercalated metaclastic rocks. Thisindicates that both the spilitic volcanic rocks and metaclastic rocks in the Mayaxueshan area haveformed as a result of Caledonian regional metamorphism. We suggest that the previously denotedspilitic rocks or altered volcanic rocks should be re-denoted as metabasalts or metabasaltic rocks.The metamorphic grade of the volcanic rocks increases with their age: prehnite-pumpellyite faciesfor the upper part of the Middle Ordovician volcanic rocks, prehnite-pumpellyite to lowergreenschist facies for the lower part of the Middle Ordovician volcanic rocks, and lower greenschistfacies for the Lower Ordovician volcanic rocks. The P-T conditions are estimated as T = 240 - 290deg C and P = 1.5-4.5 kbar for the lower part of the Middle Ordovician rocks, and T = approx 300 degC for the Lower Ordovician rocks. The variations of mineral assemblages occurring at differentdomains of the volcanic rocks were controlled by the variations of the effective bulk composition inthose domains during metamorphism. The geochemical characteristics of Mg-Al chromite in theMayaxueshan volcanic rocks are consistent with an origin of island arc environment.

Characterization and Classification of Rocks with Lamb Modes

The nondestructive investigation by ultrasound has become a fundamental tool for characterizing rocks. We applied this technique for characterizing samples of rocks. The later had been members of the following three big families of geogical classification: magmatic rocks, metamorphic rocks, sedimentary rocks. The method usually used is based on the measurement of ultrasound parameters, i.e. the longitudinal and transversal propagation velocities. The measurement of these parameters allows to determine the mechanical properties of each rock. These studies do not allow to find the three big axes of the rocks. In this work we show for each rock his corresponding ultrasonic signature by the use of his experimentally determined Lamb dispersion curves. The obtained results put in evidence that the descending slope of the Lamb modes is a reliable and efficient criterion for classifying rocks by ultrasound. This is an adequate solution for a good classification of rocks. It gives a high precision, it is reliable and quick and last not least cheap.

The Cretaceous Songliao Basin:Volcanogenic Succession,Sedimentary Sequence and Tectonic Evolution,NE China

The Songliao basin （SB） is a superposed basin with two different kinds of basin fills. The lower one is characterized by a fault-bounded volcanogenic succession comprising of intercalated volcanic, pyrodastic and epiclastic rocks. The volcanic rocks, dating from 110 Ma to 130 Ma, are of geochemically active continental margin type. Fast northward migration of the SB block occurred during the major episodes of the volcanism inferred from their paleomagnetic information. The upper one of the basin fill is dominated by non-marine sag-style sedimentary sequence of silicidastics and minor carbonates. The basin center shifted westwards from the early to late Cretaceous revealed by the GGT seismic velocity structure suggesting dynamic change in the basin evolution. Thus, a superposed basin model is proposed. Evolution of the SB involves three periods including （1） Alptian and pre- Aptian： a retroarc basin and range system of Andes type related to Mongolia-Okhotsk collisional belt （MOCB）; （2） Albian to Companian： a sag-like strike-slip basin under transtension related to oblique subduction of the Pacific plate along the eastern margin of the Eurasian plate; （3） since Maastrichtian： a tectonic inverse basin under compression related to normal subduction of the Pacific plate under the Eurasian plate, characterized by overthrust, westward migration of the depocenter and eastward uplifting of the basin margin.

Timing of Metamorphism and Provenance of the Metamorphic Basement of the Xiangshan Uranium Orefield, Jiangxi Province, China

The origin, age and evolution of the Precambrian metamorphic basement of southern China provide useful insights into early crustal development. Here, we present new laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry （LA-ICP-MS） U-Pb age data for detrital zircons from five samples of the Precambrian metamorphic basement of the Xiangshan uranium orefield. Two of these samples, from the northern Xiangshan volcanic basin, yielded a total of 140 U-Pb ages that cluster within the Neoproterozoic （773-963 Ma; 79.3% of data points）, with the rest being scattered through the Paleoproterozoic and Mesoproterozoic, along with a single Archean age. These ages indicate that this basement material is associated with the Cathaysia Block. In comparison, the 172 concordant ages from the other three samples from the southern part of the Xiangshan volcanic basin cluster within the Neoproterozoic （767-944 Ma; 59.8%） as well as the Proterozoic （37.8%） and the Archean （2502-2712 Ma; 14.5%）. These samples are also free of zircons with Grenvillian ages, indicating that these units are associated with the southeastern Yangtze Block. Combining these data with the geochemistry of these units, which suggests that the metamorphosed sedimentary rocks within the northern and southern parts of the Xiangshan basin have a common component from a magmatic island arc that formed during the early Neoproterozoic, we infer that the basin was located along the boundary between the Cathaysian and Yangtze blocks. In addition, the zircons within the samples from the southern and northern parts of the Xiangshan basin show different pre-Neoproterozoic （963 Ma） age populations but similar post- Neoproterozoic zircon populations, indicating that the amalgamation of the Cathaysian and Yangtze blocks occurred after the Neoproterozoic （960 Ma）, with magmatism peaking at 830 Ma and rifting starting at -770 Ma, leading to the subsequent deposition （from bottom to top） of the Shenshan, Kuli, and Shangshi formations.

A New Inversion Method of Sedimentary Strata For Deriving Double Parameters and Its Applications

The inverse problem of wave equation is the importance of study not only in seismic prospecting but also in applied mathematics. With the development of the research, the inverse methods of 1 - D wave equations have been trending towards the multiple parameters inversion . We have obtained an inverse method with double -parameter, in which medium density and wave velocity can be derived simultaneously. In this paper, to increase the inverse accuracy, the method is improved as follows. Firstly, the formula in which the Green Function is omitted are derived and used. Secondly, the regularizing method is reasonable used by choosing the stable function. With the new method, we may derive elastic parameter and medium density or medium density and wave velocity. Thus, lithology parameters for seismic prospecting may be obtained.After comparing the derived values from the new method with that from previous method, we obtain the new method through which substantially improve the derived accuracy . The new method has been applied to real depths inversion for sedimentary strata and volcanic rock strata in Chaoyanggou Terrace of Songliao Basin in eastern China. According to the inverse results,the gas - bearing beds are determlned.

Geochemistry and chronology of the Jiehekou Group metamorphic basic volcanic rocks in the Lüliang Mountain area, Shanxi, China

Samples were systematically collected from metamorphic basic volcanic rocks in the Jiehekou and Xiyupi areas on both sides of the Lüliang Mountains, Shanxi Province and analyzed for their major elements, trace elements and rare earth elements (REE). The geochemical characteristics of their major, trace and rare-earth elements indicated that the metamorphic basic volcanic rocks in this area were emplaced in the tectonic environment like a modern continental rift. Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr isotope chronological studies demonstrated that the Jiehekou Group metamorphic basic volcanic rocks were formed during the 2600-Ma crust/mantle differentiation event, and were transformed by granulite facies metamorphism during the late Neo-Archaean period (2500 Ma ±), making the Sm-Nd systematics of the rocks reset. During the late Paleoproterozoic period (1800 Ma ±) the Rb-Sr systematics of the rocks were disturbed again in response to the Lüliang movement. Since the extent of disturbance was so weak that the Sm-Nd systematics was not affected, the age of 1600 Ma ± obtained from this area seems to be related to local magmatic activities within the craton. Research results lend no support to the idea that the Lüliang Group was formed during the Archaean. Instead, it should be formed during the Proterozoic.

Chronology and geochemistry of the volcanic rocks in Woruo Mountain region,Northern Qiangtang depression:Implications to the Late Triassic volcanic-sedimentary events

A suite of sedimentary-volcaniclastic rocks intercalated with the volcanic rocks unconformably overlies the Triassic Xiaochaka Formation in the Woruo Mountain region, Qiangtang Basin, northern Tibet. The vitric tuff from the base of these strata gives a SHRIMP zircon U-Pb age of 216 ± 4.5 Ma, which represents the age of the Late Triassic volcanic-sedimentary events in the Woruo Mountain region, and is consistent with that of the formation of the volcanic rocks from the Nadi Kangri Formation in the Nadigangri-Shishui River zone. There is a striking similarity in geochemical signatures of the volcanic rocks from the Woruo Mountain region and its adjacent Nadigangri-Shishui River zone, indicating that all the volcanic rocks from the Qiangtang region might have the same magmatic source and similar tectonic setting during the Late Triassic. The proper recognition of the Late Triassic large-scale volcanic eruption and volcanic-sedimentary events has important implications for the interpretation of the Late Triassic biotic extinction, climatic changes and regressive events in the eastern Tethyan domain, as well as the understanding of the initiation and nature, and sedimentary features of the Qiangtang Basin during the Late Triassic-Jurassic.

DISCOVERY OF LATE CRETACEOUS PALYNOFLORA FROM FILDES PENINSULA, KING GEORGE ISLAND, ANTARCTICA AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE

This paper makes an analysis and study on altogether 8 palyniferous samples from the volcano-sedimentary rock series in the Half Three Point area of the Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica, the rock series being grey tuffaceous siltstone in lithological characters, about 5m in thickness. Only after making a number of analyses, could we find the relatively abundant sporopollen fossils from 4 samples (Nos. GWP 4—7). But the fossils are poorly preserved, and most of them can hardly be identifi...

Crust Structures and Tectonic Evolution of Northeast China in Mesozoic

On the basis of geophysical analyses, the crust structure of Northeast China app ears to be three layers in section and to be three abnormal zones horizontally, which extend at NNE-NE direction. Mesozoic era was an important period to the c hanging of tectonic settings and geodynamic mechanism. Deep faults activated and volcanoes exploded violently in Mesozoic era. Moreo ver, a number of sedimentary basins associated with mountain sets in the region formed at that time. The main tectonic framework in the region displays three NN E-NE strike zones which are composed of mountains of volcanic rocks, sedimentar y basins and deep faults of Mesozoic respectively. The formation and evolution of them were controlled by crustal or lithospheric structure.

山西中条山宋家山钴铁矿床钴的赋存状态及成矿规律

宋家山钴铁矿床位于中条山地区东南缘“同善天窗”的中部,容矿岩石主要为古元古代宋家山群绛道沟组火山-沉积岩系。钴铁矿体受地层岩性控制,呈SN向层状展布。金属矿物主要为磁铁矿、黄铁矿、黄铜矿、硫铜钴矿和硫钴矿,非金属矿物主要为石英、方解石、绢云母和绿泥石。矿石构造以块状、似条带状、浸染状、团块状和细脉状为主。黄铁矿和黄铜矿多呈浸染状和细脉状分布。围岩蚀变主要包括硅化、绢云母化、黄铁矿化、碳酸盐化和绿泥石化等。钴铁矿体的形成主要包括沉积、变质和热液三个期次。矿石显微镜观察、硫化物扫描电镜和电子探针分析,表明钴元素主要赋存在硫铜钴矿、硫钴矿和黄铁矿中。黄铁矿特征元素Co/Ni比值主要集中在100~1000之间,个别比值小于100,反映硫化物的形成主体与热液活动有关。硫化物原位硫同位素组成δ^(34) S在12‰~16‰之间,低于元古代海水硫酸盐的δ^(34) S值(15‰~20‰),揭示热化学还原(TSR)在海水硫酸盐还原过程中起到关键作用。综合研究表明宋家山矿床富钴矿体的形成经历了初始火山-沉积、造山期间含钴变质流体沿片理构造充填交代、造山后期热液活动的叠加等过程。由此认为宋家山矿床成因类型属沉积-变质热液叠加型钴铁矿床。

华北克拉通五台绿岩带锆石年代学及地质意义

五台花岗-绿岩带位于华北克拉通中部造山带的中心地区,保存有较完整的地质记录,并赋存条带状铁建造(BIFs)型铁矿,一直是研究的热点地区之一。然而,该绿岩带尚需详细年代学研究来重新厘定其岩石地层划分。本文对该区域三个组,即金岗库组、柏枝岩组和鸿门岩组中发育的变质火山岩开展了锆石U-Pb年代学和Lu-Hf同位素组成分析。锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,五台花岗-绿岩带五台群中的金岗库组、柏枝岩组和鸿门岩组的变质火山岩喷发年龄分别为2540±8 Ma、2524~2530 Ma和2513~2517 Ma,同时还记录了~2700 Ma的继承年龄和1930~1853 Ma的变质年龄。锆石Lu-Hf同位素分析结果显示它们的εHf(t)值分别为+0.4~+5.5、+1.2~+7.5和+2.2~+10.5,相应的亏损地幔模式年龄为2639~2845 Ma、2546~2788 Ma和2425~2752 Ma,εHf(t)值呈现大的变化且增加的趋势。结合前人的研究,本文确定了五台群中的金刚库组、庄旺-文溪组、柏枝岩组和鸿门岩组分别形成于~2540 Ma、~2530 Ma、~2525 Ma和~2515 Ma,它们记录了四期火山活动,说明五台绿岩带中的表壳岩系尽管经历了变形变质作用的改造依然保存了较完整的地层层序序列,并提出回撤-前进式俯冲-底冲演化模型。这些结果对理解五台花岗-绿岩带乃至华北克拉通新太古代-古元古代构造及演化具有重要意义。

鄂东北地区典型锰矿床锆石U-Pb年代学:对锰成矿时代的制约

鄂东北地区黄麦岭组广泛发育沉积变质型锰矿床(如鹰咀山、四方山-团山沟和孙冲等锰矿床),含锰地层为一套片岩和大理岩组合,目前这些变质岩原岩的形成时代还不清楚。锰矿床赋矿地层沉积时代的确定对于该类矿床的成因研究有重要意义。本文对该区鹰咀山和团山沟锰矿床中的5件变(火山)沉积岩样品进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年。结果表明,鹰咀山锰矿床2件含锰变沉积岩样品(绿泥石石英片岩17YZS04和硅质大理岩16YZS05)中最年轻的碎屑锆石年龄为687 Ma,代表了该区黄麦岭组的最大沉积年龄;团山沟锰矿床含锰变火山岩夹层中的绿片岩(TCK1-02)获得~650 Ma的原岩形成年龄,表明鄂东北地区锰沉积作用时间为~650 Ma。鹰咀山4件变沉积岩样品中碎屑锆石年龄峰值集中于0.68~0.80 Ga、~1.97 Ga和~2.45 Ga,表明黄麦岭组沉积物源主要为古元古代和新元古代物质。年龄对比研究显示,大悟-红安地区在新元古代应为扬子克拉通的一部分,扬子北缘也可能广泛发育古元古代基底。鄂东北地区锰矿成矿时代(~650 Ma)与扬子东南缘湘黔渝地区新元古代大规模锰成矿作用时间几乎一致,表明前者亦可能为Sturtian-Marinoan间冰期沉积的产物。该期锰沉积事件可能与Rodinia超大陆裂解在扬子北缘形成的浅海相沉积有关。

滇西南大红山群变火山-沉积岩地球化学属性、年代格架及其构造意义

云南新平地区大红山群出露于扬子地块西南缘,主要由低绿片岩相-角闪岩相变质的火山-沉积岩组成。大红山群的岩石成因、年代格架及其形成的构造背景缺乏系统研究,制约了地质学家们全面认识和理解扬子西南缘<~1.75 Ga的构造演化历史。本文以大红山群底部老厂河组变沉积岩及其内部变火山岩夹层为重点研究对象,开展岩相学、全岩地球化学和锆石U-Pb定年等综合研究。岩石地球化学研究结果表明,变沉积岩的化学成分与大陆上地壳沉积物成分接近,原岩为成熟度较高的泥岩/页岩,未经历沉积再循环,形成于被动大陆边缘的构造背景;变火山岩原岩化学成分相当于钙碱性过铝质A型流纹岩,形成于造山后的大陆裂谷拉张环境。锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,老厂河组变沉积岩的碎屑锆石记录了2.3~2.2 Ga和1.9~1.75 Ga两个主年龄峰以及2.7~2.6 Ga次年龄峰。结合前人研究结果,表明大红山群物源主要来源于扬子地块西南缘的太古宙-古元古代基底岩石。变火山岩样品的岩浆锆石核部记录了1713~1711 Ma的年龄,应代表老厂河组原岩的形成时代,锆石的变质增生边限定峰期变质时代为约843 Ma。综合前人研究结果表明,大红山群普遍经历了849~837 Ma的新元古代变质事件。综上所述,扬子地块西南缘的大红山群完好记录了与Columbia超大陆裂解有关的非造山岩浆活动,新元古代变质事件可能与Rodinia超大陆裂解和聚合过程密切相关。

火山断陷型湖盆细粒沉积岩有机质富集模式——以松辽盆地梨树断陷下白垩统沙河子组二段下亚段为例

以松辽盆地梨树断陷下白垩统沙河子组二段下亚段(简称沙二下亚段)沉积特征为例,采用有机岩石学、主微量元素及生物标志化合物分析等方法,探讨火山断陷型湖盆细粒沉积岩有机质富集条件及富集模式。研究结果表明,沉积古环境的变化控制沙二下亚段不同岩相类型的垂向分布,并将其划分为上、下两部分,下部主要发育块状长英质泥岩夹含生屑长英质泥岩,上部主要发育纹层状长英质页岩和纹层状细粒混积页岩;下部有机质干酪根类型以Ⅱ2—Ⅲ型为主、上部以Ⅰ—Ⅱ1型为主,且总体呈现出上部有机碳含量较下部增高的特征。分析认为,火山断陷型湖盆有机质富集的主要条件为:①持续增强的裂陷作用是导致古水深加大的直接因素,基准面上升使深水沉积范围随之扩大,泥页岩发育规模相应增大;②相对强烈的水下火山喷发与裂陷作用具有同时性,火山活动可为湖盆提供大量营养物质,有利于藻类的勃发,并导致Ⅰ—Ⅱ1型干酪根生产力较高;③相对干旱的古气候导致河流淡水及陆源物质(包括陆源高等植物Ⅲ型干酪根)输入减少,形成高盐度、缺氧分层的水体,咸水湖盆有利于有机质保存。在此基础上,建立的火山断陷型湖盆细粒沉积岩有机质富集模式,对深化松辽盆地沙河子组乃至中国东北地区同期火山断陷型湖盆细粒沉积岩有机质富集机制的地质认识,具有一定的参考借鉴意义。

华南雪峰山地区新元古代岩石弹性性质研究

雪峰山构造带位于华南大陆中部,中国深地专项对雪峰山构造带进行地震探测,并且获取了地震剖面,通过地震资料解释认为雪峰山下面存在隐伏造山带,时代为古元古代(2.05~1.75 Ga),并且经历了新元古代裂谷作用改造,该裂谷作用可能与罗迪尼亚超大陆裂解有关,对于重新认识华南大地构造演化历史以及重建全球罗迪尼亚超大陆和哥伦比亚超大陆演化模式具有重要意义。论文通过采用超声波脉冲透射方法研究雪峰山地区新元古代板溪群、冷家溪群轻变质—沉积岩波速特征,结果表明波速随压力呈非线性迅速增加,超过临界压力后,波速随压力呈逐渐缓慢线性增加。线理、面理发育的岩石,最快波方向平行面理、线理,最慢波方向垂直面理、线理,岩石地震波速各向异性介于2%~12%之间。对比理论计算波速与实验测量波速可知,理论计算结果与实际测量结果一致性较好,说明实验测量波速大小基本准确,为雪峰山地区地震资料解释提供了波速数据。

桂西二叠系铝土矿含矿岩系沉积相特征及其演化

桂西二叠系铝土矿含矿岩系沉积相研究薄弱,长期未能建立沉积层序。通过线路调查和剖面研究,将桂西二叠系铝土矿含矿岩系厘定为4个沉积相8个亚相,即顶部为沼泽炭泥相,上部为滨海平原泥岩相,中部为准平原铝土岩(矿)相,下部为滨湖-平原湖泊铁铝质岩相。中部准平原相可分为凹地铝土岩夹泥岩亚相、缓坡残坡积铝土矿亚相、凹地沉积铝土矿亚相、斜坡铝土岩亚相。下部滨湖平原湖泊铁铝质岩相可分为滨浅湖铝土质泥岩-铁质泥岩-铁铝岩亚相和滨湖平原古土壤亚相。陆相火山灰在各相中均有残存。含矿岩系中泥岩成分变异指数ICV在1左右,表明存在沉积再循环,泥岩中化学蚀变指数CIA均大于97,显示风化程度高;亲硫元素(Cu、Zn、Co、Ni)和亲铁元素(V)在下部铁铝质岩相中普遍高于中上部铝土岩(矿)-泥岩相,亲氧元素(Th、U、Nb、Ta、Sn、W)则相反;铝土矿相稀土元素总量最高,中上部铝土岩(矿)-泥岩相中的δCe和LREE/HREE均明显高于铁铝质岩相。Fe2O3-Al2O3-SiO2投影表明,季风气候贯穿整个含矿岩系沉积,铝土矿相中的泥岩元素特征值在所有泥岩中均为极值,指示了极端红土化的存在,砾屑及元素地球化学显示含矿岩系具有继承性;对应4个沉积相,可推断3个演化阶段,第一阶段为红土聚集,第二阶段为准平原化(即铝土矿化),第三阶段为平原化;含矿岩系发育期间火山灰持续沉降。铝土矿是第二次风化壳的产物。

松辽盆地深层火山岩岩性分类方案

在分析国内外火山岩分类研究的历史和现状基础上,依据对近15年来大庆深层127口钻遇火山岩探井和盆缘剖面的研究资料,提出松辽盆地深层火山岩及沉积岩、变质岩的分类方案。将火山岩类划分为火山熔岩、火山碎屑熔岩、火山碎屑岩和沉火山碎屑岩四类。前两者是冷凝固结成岩,其孔渗等物性特征与埋深无关;后两者为压实固结成岩,其物性随埋深增加而变差。珍珠岩、黑耀岩和松脂岩等玻璃质熔岩以酸性为主,中基性者也常见。隐爆角砾岩和具熔结结构的岩石均属于火山碎屑熔岩类。