Comparison between upfront surgery and neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer:A systematic review

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is a major health concern worldwide.Surgical resection and chemotherapy is the mainstay treatment for gastric carcinoma,however,the optimal approach remains unclear and should be different in each individual.Chemotherapy can be administered both pre-and postoperatively,but a multidisciplinary approach is preferred when possible.This is particularly relevant for locally advanced GC(LAGC),as neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAT)could potentially lead to tumor downsizing thus allowing for a complete resection with curative intent.Even though the recent progress has been impressive,European and International guidelines are still controversial,thus attenuating the need for a more standardized approach in the management of locally advanced cancer.AIM To investigate the effects of NAT on the overall survival(OS),the disease-free survival(DFS),the morbidity and the mortality of patients with LAGC in comparison to upfront surgery(US).METHODS For this systematic review,a literature search was conducted between November and February 2023 in PubMed,Cochrane Library and clinicaltrials.gov for studies including patients with LAGC.Two independent reviewers conducted the research and extracted the data according to predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria.The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses was used to form the search strategy and the study protocol has been registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews.RESULTS Eighteen studies with 4839 patients with LAGC in total were included in our systematic review.Patients were separated into two groups;one receiving NAT before the gastrectomy(NAT group)and the other undergoing upfront surgery(US group).The OS ranged from 41.6%to 74.2%in the NAT group and from 30.9%to 74%in the US group.The DFS was also longer in the NAT group and reached up to 80%in certain patients.The complications related to the chemotherapy or the surgery ranged from 6.4%to 38.1%in the NAT group and from 5%to 40.5%in the US group.Even though in most of the studies the morbidity was lower in the NAT group,a general conclusion could not be drawn as it seems to depend on multiple factors.Finally,regarding the mortality,the reported rate was higher and up to 5.3%in the US group.CONCLUSION NAT could be beneficial for patients with LAGC as it leads to better OS and DFS than the US approach with the same or even lower complication rates.However,patients with different clinicopathological features respond differently to chemotherapy,therefore currently the treatment plan should be individualized in order to achieve optimal results.

Neoadjuvant plus adjuvant chemotherapy benefits overall survival of locally advanced gastric cancer

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has drawn more attention to the treatment of locally advanced gastric cancer (AGC) in the current multidisciplinary treatment model. EORTC trial 40954 has recently reported that NAC plus surgery without postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy could not benefit the locally AGC patients in their overall survival. We performed a meta-analysis of 10 studies including 1518 gastric cancer patients. Stratified subgroups were NAC plus surgery and NAC plus both surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy (AC), while control was surgery alone. The results showed that NAC plus surgery did not benefit the patients with locally AGC in their overall survival [odds ratio (OR) = 1.20, 95% CI 0.80-1.80, P = 0.37] and the number needed to treat (NNT) was 74. However, the NAC plus both surgery and AC had a slight overall survival benefit (OR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.03-1.71, P = 0.03) and NNT was 14, which is superior to the NAC plus surgery. Therefore, we recommend that combined NAC and AC should be used to improve the overall survival of the locally AGC patients.

Prognostic effect of excessive chemotherapy cycles for stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ gastric cancer patients after D2 + gastrectomy

BACKGROUND According to relevant investigation and analysis,there are few research studies on the effect of excessive chemotherapy cycles after D2 gastrectomy on the survival of patients with gastric cancer.AIM To determine whether excessive chemotherapy cycles provide extra survival benefits,reduce recurrence rate,and improve survival rate in patients with stage Ⅱ or Ⅲ gastric cancer.METHODS We analyzed and summarized 412 patients with stage Ⅱ gastric cancer and 902 patients with stage Ⅲ gastric cancer who received D2 gastrectomy plus adjuvant chemotherapy or neoadjuvant chemotherapy.Analysis and comparison at a ratio of 1:1 is aimed at reducing realistic baseline differences(n=97 in each group of stage Ⅱ,n=242 in each group of stage Ⅲ).Progression-free survival,overall survival and recurrence were the main outcome indicators.RESULTS When the propensity score was matched,the baseline features of stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ gastric cancer patients were similar between the two groups.After a series of investigations,Kaplan-Meier found that the progression-free survival and overall survival of stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ gastric cancer patients were consistent between the two groups.The local metastasis rate(P=0.002),total recurrence rate(P<0.001)and distant metastasis rate(P=0.001)in the≥9 cycle group of stage Ⅲ gastric cancer were statistically lower than those in the<9 cycle group.The interaction analysis by Cox proportional hazard regression model showed that intestinal type,proximal gastrectomy,and≥6 cm maximum diameter of tumor had a higher risk of total mortality in the<9 cycles group.CONCLUSION Overall,≥9 chemotherapy cycles is not recommended for patients with stage Ⅱ and stage Ⅲ gastric cancer because it has an insignificant role in the prognosis of gastric cancer.However,for patients with stage Ⅲ gastric cancer,≥9 cycles of chemotherapy was shown to significantly decrease recurrence.

Role of prophylactic hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is the second most common malignant tumor in China,ranking third among all malignant tumor mortality rates.Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy(HIPEC)has been shown to increase significantly the effectiveness of intraperitoneal chemotherapeutic drugs,prolong the action time of these drugs on intraperitoneal tumor cells,and enhance their diffusion in tumor tissues.HIPEC may be one of the best choices for the eradication of residual cancer cells in the abdominal cavity.AIM The aim of this study was to study the role of preventive HIPEC after radical gastrectomy.METHODS A prospective analysis was performed with patients with c T4 N0-3 M0 gastric cancer to compare the effects of postoperative prophylactic HIPEC plus intravenous chemotherapy with those of routine adjuvant chemotherapy.Patients’medical records were analyzed,and differences in the peritoneal recurrence rate,diseasefree survival time,and total survival time between groups were examined.RESULTS The first site of tumor recurrence was the peritoneum in 11 cases in the conventional adjuvant chemotherapy group and in 2 cases in the HIPEC group(P=0.020).The 1-year and 3-year disease-free survival rates were 91.9%and 60.4%,respectively,in the conventional adjuvant chemotherapy group and 92.1%and 63.0%,respectively,in the HIPEC group.The 1-year and 3-year overall survival rates were 95.2%and 66.3%,respectively,in the conventional adjuvant chemotherapy group and 96.1%and 68.6%,respectively,in the HIPEC group.No significant difference in postoperative or chemotherapy complications was observed between groups.CONCLUSION In patients with c T4 N0-3 M0 gastric cancer,prophylactic HIPEC after radical tumor surgery is beneficial to reduce peritoneal tumor recurrence and prolong survival.

Comparison of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery vs.surgery alone for locally advanced gastric cancer:a meta-analysis

Background:The neoadjuvant chemotherapy is increasingly used in advanced gastric cancer,but the effects on safety and survival are still controversial.The objective of this meta-analysis was to compare the overall survival and short-term surgical outcomes between neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery(NACS)and surgery alone(SA)for locally advanced gastric cancer.Methods:Databases(PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,and Google Scholar)were explored for relative studies from January 2000 to January 2021.The quality of randomized controlled trials and cohort studies was evaluated using the modified Jadad scoring system and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale,respectively.The Review Manager software(version 5.3)was used to perform this meta-analysis.The overall survival was evaluated as the primary outcome,while perioperative indicators and post-operative complications were evaluated as the secondary outcomes.Results:Twenty studies,including 1420 NACS cases and 1942 SA cases,were enrolled.The results showed that there were no significant differences in overall survival(P=0.240),harvested lymph nodes(P=0.200),total complications(P=0.080),and 30-day post-operative mortality(P=0.490)between the NACS and SA groups.However,the NACS group was associated with a longer operation time(P<0.0001),a higher R0 resection rate(P=0.003),less reoperation(P=0.030),and less anastomotic leakage(P=0.007)compared with SA group.Conclusions:Compared with SA,NACS was considered safe and feasible for improved R0 resection rate as well as decreased reoperation and anastomotic leakage.While unbenefited overall survival indicated a less important effect of NACS on long-term oncological outcomes.

Conversion surgery for gastric cancer patients:A review

Gastric cancer(GC) is the third most common cancer-related cause of death worldwide. In locally advanced tumors, neoadjuvant chemotherapy has recently been introduced in most international Western guidelines. For metastatic and unresectable disease, there is still debate regarding correct management and the role of surgery. The standard approach for stage IV GC is palliative chemotherapy. Over the last decade, an increasing number of M1 patients who responded to palliative regimens of induction chemotherapy have been subsequently undergone surgery with curative intent. The objective of the present review is to analyze the literature regarding this approach, known as "conversion surgery", which has become one of the most commonly adopted therapeutic options. It is defined as a treat-ment aiming at an R0 resection after chemotherapy in initially unresectable tumors. The 13 retrospective studies analyzed, with a total of 411 patients treated with conversion therapy, clearly show that even if standardization of unresectable and metastatic criteria, post-chemotherapy resectability evaluation and timing of surgery has not yet been established, an R0 surgery after induction chemotherapy with partial or complete response seems to offer superior survival results than chemotherapy alone. Additional larger sample-size randomized control trials are needed to identify subgroups of well-stratified patients who could benefit from this multimodal approach.

Impact of time from diagnosis to chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer: A Propensity Score Matching Study to Balance Prognostic Factors

BACKGROUND It is unclear whether treatment delay affects the clinical outcomes of chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer(A-GC).AIM To assess whether treatment delay affects the clinical outcomes of chemotherapy in A-GC.METHODS This single-center retrospective study examined consecutive patients with A-GC between April 2012 and July 2018. In total, 110 patients with stage Ⅳ A-GC who underwent chemotherapy were enrolled. We defined the wait time(WT) as the interval between diagnosis and chemotherapy initiation. We evaluated the influence of WT on overall survival(OS).RESULTS The mean OS was 303 d. The median WT was 17 d. We divided the patients into early and elective WT groups, with a 2-wk cutoff point. There were 46 and 64 patients in the early and elective WT groups, respectively. Compared with the elective WT group, the early WT group had significantly lower albumin(Alb)levels and higher neutrophil/lymphocyte ratios and C-reactive protein(CRP)levels but not a lower performance status. The elective WT group underwent more combination chemotherapy than did the early WT group. OS was different between the two groups(230 d vs 340 d, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that higher CRP levels, lower Alb levels and monotherapy were significantly related to a poor prognosis. To minimize potential selection bias,patients in the elective WT group were 1:1 propensity score matched with patients in the early WT group; no significant difference in OS was found(303 d vs 311 d, respectively, log-rank P = 0.9832).CONCLUSION A longer WT in patients with A-GC does not appear to be associated with a worse prognosis.

Outcomes of palliative local treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer patients receiving chemotherapy plus bevacizumab

Objective The aim of this study was to assess the value of palliative local treatment of incurable metastatic lesions in colorectal cancer(CRC) patients receiving chemotherapy plus bevacizumab.Methods Data of 105 patients with histologically confirmed synchronous or metachronous metastatic CRC who received bevacizumab treatment from January 1, 2011 to January 31, 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Sixteen(15%) patients who were treated with bevacizumab for less than 4 cycles were excluded, and finally, 89(85%) patients were enrolled. Among them, 33(37%) patients who received palliative local treatment were categorized into the palliative local treatment group, and the remaining 56(63%) patients were categorized into the chemotherapy plus bevacizumab group. The primary endpoint was overall survival(OS), which was calculated using Kaplan-Meier survival analyses. Factors possibly influencing survival were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. Adverse events(AEs) were graded according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.0. Grades 1–2 and 3–4 AEs of the two groups were compared and analyzed using the Fisher's exact test and χ~2 analysis.Results The median follow-up period was 20.4 months, ranging from 1 to 60 months. The median OS in the palliative local treatment group was 36.3 months(95% CI, 33.5–39.2), and that in the chemotherapy plus bevacizumab group was 20.5 months(95% CI, 17.6–23.4). Both the univariate(HR 0.13, 95% CI, 0.05–0.30, P < 0.001) and multivariate(HR 0.16, 95% CI, 0.07–0.39, P < 0.001) analyses showed that the addition of palliative local treatment could prolong survival compared with chemotherapy plus bevacizumab alone. There were no significant differences in the rates of common chemotherapy-or bevacizumab-related AEs between the two groups.Conclusion These findings suggest palliative local treatment is an effective and safe method for treating patients with incurable metastatic CRC receiving chemotherapy plus bevacizumab.

Pertuzumab in combination with trastuzumab and chemotherapy for Chinese patients with HER2-positive metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer:a subpopulation analysis of the JACOB trial

Background:The JACOB trial(NCT01774786)was a double-blinded,placebo-controlled,randomized,multicenter,international,phase III trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of adding pertuzumab to trastuzumab and chemo-therapy in first-line treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-positive metastatic gastric cancer/gastroesophageal junction cancer(GEJC).The aim of this analysis was to investigate efficacy and safety outcomes in the Chinese subpopulation from the JACOB trial.Methods:This post hoc subpopulation analysis included all patients recruited in China's Mainland(n=163;20.9%)between June 2013 and January 2016.The patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive pertuzumab plus trastuzumab and chemotherapy(pertuzumab group;n=82)or placebo plus trastuzumab and chemotherapy(con-trol group;n=81).Intravenous pertuzumab(840 mg)and trastuzumab(8 mg/kg loading and 6 mg/kg maintenance doses)were given every 3 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.Chemotherapy was given as per standard regimens/doses of capecitabine or 5-fluorouracil plus cisplatin.The primary endpoint was overall survival(OS);secondary efficacy endpoints included progression-free survival(PFS),and overall objective response rate(ORR).Results:The median OS was 18.7 months in the pertuzumab group and 16.1 months in the control group(hazard ratio[HR]0.75;95%confidence interval[CI]0.49 to 1.14).The median PFS was 10.5 and 8.6 months in the pertuzumab and control groups,respectively(HR 0.85;95%CI 0.60 to 1.21),and the median ORRs were 68.9%and 55.7%,respectively.The treatment effect in this Chinese subpopulation showed consistency with that in the global ITT population with numerically lower HR for OS and PFS compared with the control group.The safety profiles of the pertuzumab and control groups in this Chinese subpopulation analysis were generally comparable.The most common grade 3-5adverse events were neutropenia,anemia,and leukopenia.However,due to the nature of being a post hoc subgroup analysis,the results presented here are descriptive only and need to be interpreted with caution.Conclusions:OS and PFS were numerically improved by adding pertuzumab to trastuzumab and chemotherapy as first-line treatment in Chinese HER2-positive gastric cancer/GEJC patients,and this regimen demonstrated an acceptable safety profile.

Epidemiology and prognostic nomogram for locally advanced gastric signet ring cell carcinoma:A population-based study

BACKGROUND Gastric signet ring cell carcinoma(GSRC)represents a specific subtype of gastric cancer renowned for its contentious epidemiological features,treatment principles,and prognostic factors.AIM To investigate the epidemiology of GSRC and establish an improved model for predicting the prognosis of patients with locally advanced GSRC(LAGSRC)after surgery.METHODS The annual rates of GSRC incidence and mortality,covering the years 1975 to 2019,were extracted from the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results(SEER)database to explore the temporal trends in both disease incidence and mortality rates using Joinpoint software.The clinical data of 3793 postoperative LAGSRC patients were collected from the SEER database for the analysis of survival rates.The Cox regression model was used to explore the independent prognostic factors for overall survival(OS).The risk factors extracted were used to establish a prognostic nomogram.RESULTS The overall incidence of GSRC increased dramatically between 1975 and 1998,followed by a significant downward trend in incidence after 1998.In recent years,there has been a similarly optimistic trend in GSRC mortality rates.The trend in GSRC showed discrepancies based on age and sex.Receiver operating characteristic curves,calibration curves,and decision curve analysis for 1-year,3-year,and 5-year OS demonstrated the high discriminative ability and clinical utility of this nomogram.The area under the curve indicated that the performance of the new model outperformed that of the pathological staging system.CONCLUSION The model we established can aid clinicians in the early prognostication of LAGSRC patients,resulting in improved clinical outcomes by modifying management strategies and patient health care.

S-1-based combination therapy vs S-1 monotherapy in advanced gastric cancer:A meta-analysis

AIM:To assess the efficacy and safety of combination therapy based on S-1,a novel oral fluoropyrimidine,vs S-1 monotherapy in advanced gastric cancer(AGC).METHODS:We searched PubMed,EMBASE and the Cochrane Library for eligible studies published before March 2013.Our analysis identified four randomized controlled trials involving 790 participants with AGC.The outcome measures were overall survival(OS),progression-free survival(PFS),overall response rate(ORR)and grade 3-4 adverse events.RESULTS:Meta-analysis showed that S-1-based combination therapy significantly improved OS(HR=0.77,95%CI:0.66-0.91,P=0.002),PFS(HR=0.58,95%CI:0.46-0.72,P=0.000)and ORR(OR=2.23,95%CI:1.54-3.21,P=0.000).Sensitivity analysis further confirmed this association.Lower incidence of grade 3-4 leucopenia(OR=4.06,95%CI:2.11-7.81),neutropenia(OR=3.94,95%CI:2.1-7.81)and diarrhea(OR=2.41,95%CI:1.31-4.44)was observed in patients with S-1 monotherapy.CONCLUSION:S-1-based combination therapy is superior to S-1 monotherapy in terms of OS,PFS and ORR.S-1 monotherapy is associated with less toxicity.

Case Report: A Long Survivor Patient with Stage IV Gastric Adenocarcinoma

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common malignancy of the world and third leading cause of cancer death. At diagnosis, 35% of GC patients have distant metastases and in these cases the survival rate is very poor with a median overall survival (OS) inferior to 1 year. We report a case of a 67-year-old woman with gastric carcinoma initially deemed limited stage on diagnosis (cT2N0M0), treated surgically with radical subtotal gastrectomy with Billroth II reconstruction. In the staging CT scan, the patient presented a liver image that was considered benign. Three months later, due to abdominal pain, the patient performed another CT scan and the diagnostic of a large single liver metastasis was made;retrospectively it was observed that the lesion was present at diagnosis and that it had increased. A biopsy was performed which confirmed the metastatic origin. In a multidisciplinary team, the lesion was considered unresectable. She was proposed for first line (1st L) palliative chemotherapy (ChT) with FOLFIRI, with partial response as best response. After 30 cycles of FOLFIRI, bone metastases were diagnosed. The patient was submitted to a cementoplasty of D11-12 and L1-2. Afterwards, she started 2nd L ChT with mFOLFOX6 and at the same time she started zoledronic acid every 28 days. The best response to mFOLFOX6 was stable disease. Since November 2018, the patient has been treated with zoledronic acid every 28 days alone and maintains stable disease without ChT.

Long term oncological outcome of laparoscopic techniques in pancreatic cancer

The laparoscopic technique in distal pancreatic resection(LDP) has been widely accepted, and outcome data support the hypothesis that survival is improved,partly due to improved postoperative safety and recovery, thus optimizing treatment with adjuvant chemotherapy. But laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy(LPD or Whipple-procedures) has spread more slowly, due to the complexity of the procedure. Surgical safety has been a problem in hospitals with low patient volume, resulting in raised postoperative mortality, requiring careful monitoring of outcome during the surgical learning curve. Robotic assistance is expected to improve surgical safety, but data on long term oncological outcome of laparoscopic Whipple procedures with or without robotic assistance is scarce. Future research should still focus surgical safety, but most importantly long term outcome, recorded as recurrence at maximal follow up or-at best-overall long term survival(OS). Available data show median survival above 2.5 years, five year OS more than 30% after LDP even in series with suboptimal adjuvant chemotherapy. Also after LPD, long term survival is reported equal to or longer than open resection. However, surgical safety during the learning curve of LPD is a problem, which hopefully can be facilitated by robotic assistance. Patient reported outcome should also be an endpoint in future trials, including patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

血清乳酸脱氢酶与转移性胃癌姑息性化疗患者生存期的关系

目的 观察转移性胃癌姑息性化疗患者血清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)水平与总生存期(OS)、无进展生存期(PFS)的关系。方法 回顾性分析甘肃省肿瘤医院2016年1月-2021年1月期间收治的69例转移性胃癌患者接受姑息性化疗的临床资料,查阅、整理住院病历,收集患者化疗前血清LDH水平、疾病进展及转归情况,分析患者化疗前血清LDH水平与OS、PFS的关系。结果 受试者工作特征曲线分析显示:化疗前血清LDH水平预测转移性胃癌死亡的曲线下面积为0.73 (P <0.05,95%CI:[0.612,0.847]),特异度为92.9%,灵敏度为63.6%。化疗前血清LDH升高患者的OS、PFS均短于LDH正常患者(P <0.05),具有统计学意义。多因素Cox分析结果显示,化疗前血清LDH、糖类抗原CA72-4水平是转移性胃癌患者OS的独立危险因素(P <0.05),化疗疗效、D-二聚体是转移性胃癌患者PFS的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 化疗前血清LDH升高的转移性胃癌姑息性化疗患者OS及PFS均短于LDH正常者。化疗前血清LDH水平可初步预测转移性胃癌姑息性化疗患者的预后。

基于转移性淋巴结比的胃癌患者根治术后预后模型建立与验证

目的旨在基于转移性淋巴结比评估无远处转移胃癌患者接受D2根治术后的总体生存情况并建立列线图模型。方法回顾性分析2014年6月-2020年2月在兰州大学第二医院行D2根治术的Ⅰ~Ⅲ期胃癌患者的术后临床病理资料,按8∶2将其随机分为训练队列和验证队列。将单因素Cox回归分析差异有统计学意义的变量再纳入多因素Cox回归分析,筛选出生存预后的独立风险因素绘制列线图,并通过计算一致性指数,绘制校准曲线、受试者操作特征曲线验证模型。结果共纳入497例患者,训练队列398例,验证队列99例。单因素Cox回归分析显示发病年龄、浸润深度、转移性淋巴结比、脉管内瘤栓、肿瘤大小、神经浸润、淋巴管或血管浸润对胃癌患者术后总生存期的影响差异有统计学意义。多因素Cox回归分析显示,影响患者预后的独立因素有发病年龄、原发肿瘤浸润深度、转移性淋巴结比、脉管内瘤栓、淋巴管或血管浸润。训练队列的一致性指数为0.806(95%CI:[0.749,0.864]),验证队列的一致性指数为0.902(95%CI:[0.813,0.991])。受试者操作特征曲线、校准曲线均显示该胃癌预后模型有良好性能。结论转移性淋巴结比是影响患者预后的独立因素,基于转移性淋巴结比的列线图模型可以较好地预测胃癌患者术后的总体生存情况。

256例局部晚期口腔癌的生存分析

目的:根据前瞻性临床试验随访数据,探讨晚期口腔鳞癌患者生存率提高的原因。方法:将2008年3月至2010年12月上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院256例晚期口腔鳞癌临床Ⅲ、ⅣA期患者分为试验组和对照组,即术前诱导化疗和非化疗联合根治性手术及同期修复重建术后接受放射治疗,再定期随访;生存分析采用Kaplan-Meier方法和Log-rank检验。结果:256例患者中,术前诱导化疗组和手术组各128例,中位随访时间为60个月,5年总体生存率为61.7%,5年无病生存率为53.9%,术前诱导化疗组与手术组之间的总体生存率和无病生存率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:根治性手术切除肿瘤为主的综合序列治疗对提高患者生存率意义重大,功能性修复重建可以显著提高生存质量;诱导化疗不能整体提高局部晚期口腔鳞癌患者的生存率,但疗效好的患者可以显著生存获益。

32例化疗后接受手术治疗的晚期胃癌患者的临床分析

目的：对晚期胃癌一线化疗后接受手术治疗的患者进行分析，寻找影响该组患者生存的因素。方法：回顾性分析2007年8月至2011年7月32例一线化疗后接受手术治疗的晚期胃癌患者的资料，分析多种临床病理因素对生存的影响。生存分析采用Kaplan-Meier法，并以Log-rank法比较组间差异，应用Cox模型进行多因素分析。结果：全组患者中位年龄46岁（22—74岁），中位生存期为19个月（4～59个月）。生存分析显示化疗疗效（PR，SD患者分别为23个月和14．5个月，P=0．045）和原发灶是否切除（切除，未切除患者分别为23个月和5．5个月，P=0．017）与总生存相关。多因素分析未显示单一的因素与患者的生存相关。结论：化疗有效、原发病灶可切除的经过选择的晚期胃癌患者，可以尝试进行原发病灶的手术治疗。

健脾中药联合奥铂及氟尿嘧啶类药物化疗对晚期胃癌患者预后的影响

目的 评价中医药干预联合奥铂及氟尿嘧啶类药物的化疗方案对晚期胃癌的临床疗效。方法 初治晚期胃癌患者一线治疗采用奥铂及氟尿嘧啶类药物的化疗方案,并根据是否接受健脾中药治疗分为中药组和同期非中药组,在基线均衡的条件下比较患者的生存期及1、2、3、5年生存率。Cox多因素回归模型分析影响晚期胃癌预后的独立性因素,Kaplan-Meier法估算中位生存时间(OS)。结果 共有205例晚期胃癌病例纳入研究,包括87例中药组和118例非中药组。Cox多因素分析显示,性别(P=0.002),化疗周期(P=0.000),靶向治疗(P=0.043),健脾中药(P=0.003)是影响晚期胃癌病例生存期的独立因素。在非靶向治疗的亚组中,中药组的中位生存期为21.271个月较非中药组的10.849个月显著延长(P=0.001,Log-rank检验),服用中药的相对危险度是0.549(95%CI:0.384-0.782)。中药组的1、2、3、5年生存率分别为76%、40%、27%、22%,非中药组的1、2、3、5年生存率分别为46%、22%、13%、7%。结论 健脾中药是影响晚期胃癌患者预后的独立保护性因素,及早健脾中药干预并联合奥铂及氟尿嘧啶类药物的化疗方案可使晚期胃癌患者生存获益。

白蛋白结合型紫杉醇用于HER2阴性晚期胃癌一线化疗中的疗效分析

目的评估纳米白蛋白结合型紫杉醇(nab-PTX)联合化疗一线治疗HER2阴性的不可切除或复发晚期胃癌患者的有效性和安全性,评价临床特性与患者生存期的相关性。方法选取2011年12月17日-2018年1月10日,本研究入组的44例HER2阴性的晚期胃癌患者,包括34例男性、10例女性,中位年龄57(28~85)岁。其中19例(38.6%)接受了胃造瘘术。组织学类型中分化17例,低分化27例。转移部位肝15例、肺4例、淋巴结19例、骨3例、腹膜6例。以上患者均接受白蛋白结合型紫杉醇联合疗法作为一线治疗。观察患者无进展生存期(progression free survival,PFS)、总生存期(overall survival,OS)、临床特征、客观缓解率(objective response rate,ORR)、疾病控制率(disease control rate,DCR)和治疗相关不良反应。结果治疗周期中位数为4(范围:2~8)。ORR为40.9%,DCR为90.9%。中位PFS为5.1个月(95%CI:3.9~6.3),OS为14.1个月(95%CI:10.7~14.5)。3级/4级毒性反应发生率为15.9%。最常见的3级不良事件为白细胞减少症(chemotherapy-induced leukopenia,CIL)(n=7,15.9%)。1级和2级非血液学毒性反应包括恶心和呕吐(n=16,36.3%)以及手足综合征(n=10,22.7%)、厌食症(n=10,22.7%)、疲乏(n=9,20.4%)、脱发(n=9,20.4%)、外周感觉神经病变(n=6,13.6%)。多因素分析显示中位CEA<5μg/L是OS延长的重要预测因子(HR=3.5,95%CI:1.48~8.23,P=0.004)。与化疗诱发的3级和4级CIL患者相比,发生0~2级CIL患者的PFS和OS有改善的趋势(HR=2.734,95%CI:1.00~7.46,P=0.050;HR=17.79,95%CI:4.7~66.4,P=0.000)。Nab-PTX联合替吉奥胶囊与Nab-PTX联合顺铂的OS有统计学差异(12.5个月vs 17.0个月;HR=0.513,95%CI:0.31~0.84,P=0.005)。早发CIL患者的OS为18.2个月,晚发CIL患者的OS为11.5个月(HR=2.48,95%CI:1.13~5.42,P=0.02)。结论白蛋白结合型紫杉醇联合替吉奥胶囊或联合顺铂可作为HER2阴性的晚期胃癌患者的一线治疗方案。化疗诱发的0~2级CIL和早发CIL的患者预后较好。可根据中位CEA<5μg/L的标准来选择合适的胃癌患者,以提高nab-PTX治疗胃癌的效果。

复发转移性三阴性乳腺癌临床特征及总生存分析

目的分析复发转移性三阴性乳腺癌患者的治疗方式及总生存情况。方法回顾性分析复发转移后来我院治疗,并随访至病亡的78例三阴性乳腺癌患者临床资料,根据其临床特征、复发情况及治疗方式评价其总生存情况。结果 78例患者总生存时间（OS）为6-236个月,中位OS为32.1个月。1年生存率92.3%,5年生存率28.2%,10年生存率6.4%。71例（91.0%）三阴性乳腺癌患者行根治术或改良根治手术,其无病生存时间（DFS）为1-184个月,中位DFS为15.0个月,7例（9.0%）患者为初治Ⅳ期。Ⅰ期三阴性乳腺癌患者OS为19.7-236个月,中位OS为90.0个月。复发转移后OS为3.0-93.3个月,中位OS为14.4个月。13例（16.7%）患者局部复发或单纯部位转移的患者行局部手术治疗联合全身治疗者中位OS为26.5月,65例（83.3%）仅行全身治疗者中位OS为12.2个月（P=0.034）。一线化疗方案含紫杉类药物的患者中位OS为14.6个月,未予紫杉类药物的患者中位OS为11.0个月（P=0.048）。结论复发转移性三阴性乳腺癌整体预后较差,生存期短,但异质性较高,且早期三阴性乳腺癌患者具有明显的生存优势。值得一提的是本文只针对已经有生存节点的患者进行分析,这组患者乳腺癌的恶性程度相对较高。也间接提示三阴性乳腺癌的治疗也不能一概而论。对这些早期复发的患者,目前的辅助治疗可能是不足够的。