Most meteorologists think of the organized tropical cloud cluster and typhoon-hurricane weather system as having a strong transverse(or’in-up-and-out’)circulation of low-level frictionally driven inflow,upward verti...Most meteorologists think of the organized tropical cloud cluster and typhoon-hurricane weather system as having a strong transverse(or’in-up-and-out’)circulation of low-level frictionally driven inflow,upward vertical motion in cloud areas,and outflow at upper tropospheric levels.Tropical weather systems also have another fundamentally important circulation within them which is an additional’down-and-up’(or downdraft-andupdraft)circulation associated with evaporating downdraft motion and mass compensating condensation upward motion.This additional’down-and-up’circulation has yet to be fully recognized and fully appreciated.This paper emphasizes the fundamental role of this additional’down-and-up’circulation which must be added to the accepted’in-up-and-out’basis transverse circulation to obtain a full understanding of the tropical weather system’s complete vertical circulation structure.Only by adding this additional extra’down-and-up’is it possible to make simultaneous mass,energy,and moisture budgets for this class of weather system.This additional’down-and-up’(or downdraft-and-updraft)circulation is indispensible in allowing tropical systems to extract large amounts of surface energy from the oceans.展开更多
文摘Most meteorologists think of the organized tropical cloud cluster and typhoon-hurricane weather system as having a strong transverse(or’in-up-and-out’)circulation of low-level frictionally driven inflow,upward vertical motion in cloud areas,and outflow at upper tropospheric levels.Tropical weather systems also have another fundamentally important circulation within them which is an additional’down-and-up’(or downdraft-andupdraft)circulation associated with evaporating downdraft motion and mass compensating condensation upward motion.This additional’down-and-up’circulation has yet to be fully recognized and fully appreciated.This paper emphasizes the fundamental role of this additional’down-and-up’circulation which must be added to the accepted’in-up-and-out’basis transverse circulation to obtain a full understanding of the tropical weather system’s complete vertical circulation structure.Only by adding this additional extra’down-and-up’is it possible to make simultaneous mass,energy,and moisture budgets for this class of weather system.This additional’down-and-up’(or downdraft-and-updraft)circulation is indispensible in allowing tropical systems to extract large amounts of surface energy from the oceans.
