Ensuring food safety is paramount worldwide.Developing effective detection methods to ensure food safety can be challenging owing to trace hazards,long detection time,and resource-poor sites,in addition to the matrix ...Ensuring food safety is paramount worldwide.Developing effective detection methods to ensure food safety can be challenging owing to trace hazards,long detection time,and resource-poor sites,in addition to the matrix effects of food.Personal glucose meter(PGM),a classic point-of-care testing device,possesses unique application advantages,demonstrating promise in food safety.Currently,many studies have used PGM-based biosensors and signal amplification technologies to achieve sensitive and specific detection of food hazards.Signal amplification technologies have the potential to greatly improve the analytical performance and integration of PGMs with biosensors,which is crucial for solving the challenges associated with the use of PGMs for food safety analysis.This review introduces the basic detection principle of a PGM-based sensing strategy,which consists of three key factors:target recognition,signal transduction,and signal output.Representative studies of existing PGM-based sensing strategies combined with various signal amplification technologies(nanomaterial-loaded multienzyme labeling,nucleic acid reaction,DNAzyme catalysis,responsive nanomaterial encapsulation,and others)in the field of food safety detection are reviewed.Future perspectives and potential opportunities and challenges associated with PGMs in the field of food safety are discussed.Despite the need for complex sample preparation and the lack of standardization in the field,using PGMs in combination with signal amplification technology shows promise as a rapid and cost-effective method for food safety hazard analysis.展开更多
The design and implementation of mechanical domestic water meters in current industrial organization and intellectual properties have been registered as an invention to solve the problems of current meters. The device...The design and implementation of mechanical domestic water meters in current industrial organization and intellectual properties have been registered as an invention to solve the problems of current meters. The device operation includes inquiry of printing, subscription connection and disconnection in an emergency. This system includes a software and hardware parts on the users and the control center connecting with two-way mobile phone. Central control software sends the message through the wireless telecommunication lines to the user’s software, requesting the desired information and also provides the commands needed to be sent through the same. The same information can also be submitted to the control center. Through the same way, some of advantages of this method are as follows: installing on existing meters, cheap cost of inquiry call meter, the possibility of declaring illegal manipulation to the control center, the exchange of information using information encoding, and manipulating digital meters applying minor changes.展开更多
<strong>Objective</strong><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">: Determine the Test reliability a...<strong>Objective</strong><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">: Determine the Test reliability and the objective validity of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">Methods</span></b></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> IPAQ was evaluated for test-retest reliability within 6</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">8 days of its first administration. Criterion validity was tested comparing IPAQ data with those from an activity meter (Intelligent Device for Energy Expenditure and Activity, IDEEA). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">Results</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">: The test-retest correlation (n = 71) for items of IPAQ ranged from r = 0.63 to r = 0.74 and w</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">as </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">r = 0.79 for the total weekly PA in MET*min per week. Average PA (in MET*min/week) measured with the IDEEA meter, decreased from normal (15</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">840), to 14</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">278 in overweight</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(BMI</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">25-</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">30) and further to 12</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">803 in obese subjects (>30. BMI). The weekly energy expenditure measured by IDEEA correlated significantly (r = 0</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">61,</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">r</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;"> = 0.38) with the IPAQ data, providing an objective criterion for validity of IPAQ. The mean values of weekly PA estimated from IPAQ (in MET*min/week) differed significantly in the high (15</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">690) vs. the low (11</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">398) activity groups but not between the moderate (12</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">056) compared to the low PA group. The IPAQ criteria used to categorize subjects as moderately active, erred by including too many low PA subjects. IDEEA measurements in sedentary subjects overestimated their energy expenditure. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">Conclusions</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">: IPAQ can be reliably used to distinguish low and high PA groups and yields relatively low estimates (−</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">18%) of weekly PA in these groups compared to those measured with the activity meter. Stricter criteria are needed to distinguish moderate from low PA groups. Overweight and obese subjects showed significantly lower levels of PA than normal BMI subjects.</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">IDEEA overestimates low levels of PA.</span>展开更多
The purpose of this study is to verify the physiological effect and describe the intensity of training in response to internal and external loads,through Session Rate of Perceived Exertion and Speed High Intensity Dis...The purpose of this study is to verify the physiological effect and describe the intensity of training in response to internal and external loads,through Session Rate of Perceived Exertion and Speed High Intensity Distance in Meters reports,on professional soccer players engaged in weekly training(199 Sessions,43 weeks)and league games(32 official matches).Twenty-two male professional soccer players(n=22)of the Italian national championship under-19 are involved in this study during the season 2014-2015.Daily,Weekly and Monthly RPE(perceived exertion)Session(Borg CR-10 Scale)is a good indicator of the amount of work done:training time multiplied by perceived effort(TL=Training Time×RPE).With Arbitrary units(a.u.)produced by the individual and used for team-based data analysis,we analyze the intensity produced by workout depending on the working time.Furthermore,by means of global positioning system technology(K-Sport,Montelabbate PU,Italy 10 Hz),we statistically established the existing relationship with high intensity speed distance(>16 km/h)and session rate of perceived exertion to describe how the internal(represented by the sum of the stresses that the body undergoes an external load;is strictly subjective)and external loads(the objective quantification of the means used in training km routes,running speed,slope,type of recovery),are correlated(r=0.87,p<0.01,95%CI).The statistical analysis highlights how these methods are suitable to quantifying the high-intensity work done by the soccer player during the workout and the game.展开更多
Shanghai Yatai Meters & Instruments Co. Ltd. was set up in 1991. It is engaged in research and development of meters and instruments for industrial duration measurement and control system. It is a new hi-tech ente...Shanghai Yatai Meters & Instruments Co. Ltd. was set up in 1991. It is engaged in research and development of meters and instruments for industrial duration measurement and control system. It is a new hi-tech enterprise worthy of the name. Recently it has completed the reform of holdings system.展开更多
The design of a new type heat meters based on RFID technology are presented in this paper. By use of RFID technology in heat meters, the data can be exchanged between heat meters and heat supplying department by RF ca...The design of a new type heat meters based on RFID technology are presented in this paper. By use of RFID technology in heat meters, the data can be exchanged between heat meters and heat supplying department by RF cards. The information can be transmitted in a non-contact way. In this way, the purpose of automatic identification can be achieved. The experimental study of the heat meters is also performed in the paper. The results show that the new type of heat meters can meet the demands of users. Compared with the ordinary heat meters, the new type of heat meters have the advantages of small in meter volume, high accuracy, no impact of water quality and good reliability.展开更多
Calibrations were performed for three types of neutron ambient dose equivalent rate meters, i.e., Aloka TPS-451C (Hitachi), KSAR1U.06 (Baltic Scientific Instruments), and Model 12-4 (Ludlum), using a standard field of...Calibrations were performed for three types of neutron ambient dose equivalent rate meters, i.e., Aloka TPS-451C (Hitachi), KSAR1U.06 (Baltic Scientific Instruments), and Model 12-4 (Ludlum), using a standard field of a 241Am–Be source. The measured total neutron ambient dose equivalent rates, H*(10)' tot, were analyzed to obtain the direct neutron ambient dose equivalent rates, H*(10)' dir, using the ISO 8529-2-recommended generalized- fit method, semiempirical fit method, and reducedfitting method (RFM) fit methods. The calibration factor (CF), defined as the ratio between the conventional true value of the neutron ambient dose equivalent rates in a free field, H*(10)' FF, and H*(10)' dir, was evaluated as one of the important characteristics of the neutron meters in the present work. The fitting results show that the H*(10)' dir values of the meters are in good agreement within the theoretical data within 4%. The averaged CFs of the three neutron meters were evaluated as 0:99 ± 0:01, 1:00 ± 0.03;and 0:99 ± 0:08, respectively. The largest standard uncertainty of these values was determined to be approximately 18.47%(k =1). The standard uncertainty of the CFs obtained using the RFM method was less than 4.23%(k=1), which is the smallest uncertainty among the three methods.展开更多
Smart meters provide a lot of convenience for both power supply and consumption. Due to the frequent transmission of information, it brings great challenges to the privacy preservation of the user’s household power c...Smart meters provide a lot of convenience for both power supply and consumption. Due to the frequent transmission of information, it brings great challenges to the privacy preservation of the user’s household power consumption data in the smart grid. In order to achieve the anonymity of smart meters. A smart meter privacy preservation scheme based on identity authentication is proposed. The third-party certification authority is introduced in this scheme;it issues pseudonym certificates to realize the identity privacy preservation of smart meters. The masking technology with the Advanced Encryption Standard algorithm is used for data aggregation. The results show that our scheme reduces the computational cost and the communication overhead.展开更多
To design a Double-Pole Four-Throw (DP4T) RF switch, measurement of device parameters is required. In this DP4T RF switch CMOS is a unit cell, so with a thin oxide layer of thickness 628 ? which is measured optically....To design a Double-Pole Four-Throw (DP4T) RF switch, measurement of device parameters is required. In this DP4T RF switch CMOS is a unit cell, so with a thin oxide layer of thickness 628 ? which is measured optically. Some of the material parameters were found by the curve drawn between Capacitance versus Voltage (C-V) and Capacitance versus Frequency (C-F) with the application of Visual Engineering Environment Programming (VEE Pro). To perform the measurement processing at a distance, from the hazardous room, we use VEE Pro software. In this research, to acquire a fine result for RF MOSFET, we vary the voltage with minor increments and perform the measurements by vary the applying voltage from +5 V to –5 V and then back to +5 V again and then save this result in a data sheet with respect to temperature, voltage and frequency using this program. We have investigated the characteristics of RF MOSFET, which will be used for the wireless telecommunication systems.展开更多
New methodology of designing the differential pressure flow meters for fluid energy carriers is developed in order to provide minimum uncertainty of results of flow rate measurement. This methodology is implemented in...New methodology of designing the differential pressure flow meters for fluid energy carriers is developed in order to provide minimum uncertainty of results of flow rate measurement. This methodology is implemented in “Raskhod-RU” CAD system for computer aided design and calculation of differential pressure flow meters. “Raskhod-RU” CAD meets the requirements of new Standards implemented in CIS countries (GOST 8.586.1,2,3,4,5-2005) and provides accomplishment of the following tasks: verification of conditions (constraints) for application of the differential pressure method according to the requirements of new Standards;calculation of parameters of primary device, pipe straight lengths and flow meter in general according to the requirements of new Standards;calculation of uncertainty of results of fluid flow rate and volume measurement.展开更多
Physicists and especially applied physicists long for a convenient way for converting mechanical, solar energy, and thermal energy into electricity, which makes up our modern lives—from a small LED light to many inte...Physicists and especially applied physicists long for a convenient way for converting mechanical, solar energy, and thermal energy into electricity, which makes up our modern lives—from a small LED light to many integrated communication devices. Since the breakthrough work by Faraday in the beginning of the 19th century, the harvesting of electricity has been the hot topic in our modern society.展开更多
Smart metering has gained considerable attention as a research focus due to its reliability and energy-efficient nature compared to traditional electromechanical metering systems. Existing methods primarily focus on d...Smart metering has gained considerable attention as a research focus due to its reliability and energy-efficient nature compared to traditional electromechanical metering systems. Existing methods primarily focus on data management,rather than emphasizing efficiency. Accurate prediction of electricity consumption is crucial for enabling intelligent grid operations,including resource planning and demandsupply balancing. Smart metering solutions offer users the benefits of effectively interpreting their energy utilization and optimizing costs. Motivated by this,this paper presents an Intelligent Energy Utilization Analysis using Smart Metering Data(IUA-SMD)model to determine energy consumption patterns. The proposed IUA-SMD model comprises three major processes:data Pre-processing,feature extraction,and classification,with parameter optimization. We employ the extreme learning machine(ELM)based classification approach within the IUA-SMD model to derive optimal energy utilization labels. Additionally,we apply the shell game optimization(SGO)algorithm to enhance the classification efficiency of the ELM by optimizing its parameters. The effectiveness of the IUA-SMD model is evaluated using an extensive dataset of smart metering data,and the results are analyzed in terms of accuracy and mean square error(MSE). The proposed model demonstrates superior performance,achieving a maximum accuracy of65.917% and a minimum MSE of0.096. These results highlight the potential of the IUA-SMD model for enabling efficient energy utilization through intelligent analysis of smart metering data.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant No.:ZR2020QC250)China Agriculture Research System(Grant No.:CARS-38)+1 种基金Modern Agricultural Technology Industry System of Shandong Province(Grant No.:SDAIT10-10)Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong(Grant Nos.:2021CXGC010809 and 2021TZXD012).
文摘Ensuring food safety is paramount worldwide.Developing effective detection methods to ensure food safety can be challenging owing to trace hazards,long detection time,and resource-poor sites,in addition to the matrix effects of food.Personal glucose meter(PGM),a classic point-of-care testing device,possesses unique application advantages,demonstrating promise in food safety.Currently,many studies have used PGM-based biosensors and signal amplification technologies to achieve sensitive and specific detection of food hazards.Signal amplification technologies have the potential to greatly improve the analytical performance and integration of PGMs with biosensors,which is crucial for solving the challenges associated with the use of PGMs for food safety analysis.This review introduces the basic detection principle of a PGM-based sensing strategy,which consists of three key factors:target recognition,signal transduction,and signal output.Representative studies of existing PGM-based sensing strategies combined with various signal amplification technologies(nanomaterial-loaded multienzyme labeling,nucleic acid reaction,DNAzyme catalysis,responsive nanomaterial encapsulation,and others)in the field of food safety detection are reviewed.Future perspectives and potential opportunities and challenges associated with PGMs in the field of food safety are discussed.Despite the need for complex sample preparation and the lack of standardization in the field,using PGMs in combination with signal amplification technology shows promise as a rapid and cost-effective method for food safety hazard analysis.
文摘The design and implementation of mechanical domestic water meters in current industrial organization and intellectual properties have been registered as an invention to solve the problems of current meters. The device operation includes inquiry of printing, subscription connection and disconnection in an emergency. This system includes a software and hardware parts on the users and the control center connecting with two-way mobile phone. Central control software sends the message through the wireless telecommunication lines to the user’s software, requesting the desired information and also provides the commands needed to be sent through the same. The same information can also be submitted to the control center. Through the same way, some of advantages of this method are as follows: installing on existing meters, cheap cost of inquiry call meter, the possibility of declaring illegal manipulation to the control center, the exchange of information using information encoding, and manipulating digital meters applying minor changes.
文摘<strong>Objective</strong><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">: Determine the Test reliability and the objective validity of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">Methods</span></b></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> IPAQ was evaluated for test-retest reliability within 6</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">8 days of its first administration. Criterion validity was tested comparing IPAQ data with those from an activity meter (Intelligent Device for Energy Expenditure and Activity, IDEEA). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">Results</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">: The test-retest correlation (n = 71) for items of IPAQ ranged from r = 0.63 to r = 0.74 and w</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">as </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">r = 0.79 for the total weekly PA in MET*min per week. Average PA (in MET*min/week) measured with the IDEEA meter, decreased from normal (15</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">840), to 14</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">278 in overweight</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(BMI</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">25-</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">30) and further to 12</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">803 in obese subjects (>30. BMI). The weekly energy expenditure measured by IDEEA correlated significantly (r = 0</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">61,</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">r</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;"> = 0.38) with the IPAQ data, providing an objective criterion for validity of IPAQ. The mean values of weekly PA estimated from IPAQ (in MET*min/week) differed significantly in the high (15</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">690) vs. the low (11</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">398) activity groups but not between the moderate (12</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">056) compared to the low PA group. The IPAQ criteria used to categorize subjects as moderately active, erred by including too many low PA subjects. IDEEA measurements in sedentary subjects overestimated their energy expenditure. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">Conclusions</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">: IPAQ can be reliably used to distinguish low and high PA groups and yields relatively low estimates (−</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">18%) of weekly PA in these groups compared to those measured with the activity meter. Stricter criteria are needed to distinguish moderate from low PA groups. Overweight and obese subjects showed significantly lower levels of PA than normal BMI subjects.</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">IDEEA overestimates low levels of PA.</span>
文摘The purpose of this study is to verify the physiological effect and describe the intensity of training in response to internal and external loads,through Session Rate of Perceived Exertion and Speed High Intensity Distance in Meters reports,on professional soccer players engaged in weekly training(199 Sessions,43 weeks)and league games(32 official matches).Twenty-two male professional soccer players(n=22)of the Italian national championship under-19 are involved in this study during the season 2014-2015.Daily,Weekly and Monthly RPE(perceived exertion)Session(Borg CR-10 Scale)is a good indicator of the amount of work done:training time multiplied by perceived effort(TL=Training Time×RPE).With Arbitrary units(a.u.)produced by the individual and used for team-based data analysis,we analyze the intensity produced by workout depending on the working time.Furthermore,by means of global positioning system technology(K-Sport,Montelabbate PU,Italy 10 Hz),we statistically established the existing relationship with high intensity speed distance(>16 km/h)and session rate of perceived exertion to describe how the internal(represented by the sum of the stresses that the body undergoes an external load;is strictly subjective)and external loads(the objective quantification of the means used in training km routes,running speed,slope,type of recovery),are correlated(r=0.87,p<0.01,95%CI).The statistical analysis highlights how these methods are suitable to quantifying the high-intensity work done by the soccer player during the workout and the game.
文摘Shanghai Yatai Meters & Instruments Co. Ltd. was set up in 1991. It is engaged in research and development of meters and instruments for industrial duration measurement and control system. It is a new hi-tech enterprise worthy of the name. Recently it has completed the reform of holdings system.
文摘The design of a new type heat meters based on RFID technology are presented in this paper. By use of RFID technology in heat meters, the data can be exchanged between heat meters and heat supplying department by RF cards. The information can be transmitted in a non-contact way. In this way, the purpose of automatic identification can be achieved. The experimental study of the heat meters is also performed in the paper. The results show that the new type of heat meters can meet the demands of users. Compared with the ordinary heat meters, the new type of heat meters have the advantages of small in meter volume, high accuracy, no impact of water quality and good reliability.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Vietnam under Grant 07/HD/DTCB
文摘Calibrations were performed for three types of neutron ambient dose equivalent rate meters, i.e., Aloka TPS-451C (Hitachi), KSAR1U.06 (Baltic Scientific Instruments), and Model 12-4 (Ludlum), using a standard field of a 241Am–Be source. The measured total neutron ambient dose equivalent rates, H*(10)' tot, were analyzed to obtain the direct neutron ambient dose equivalent rates, H*(10)' dir, using the ISO 8529-2-recommended generalized- fit method, semiempirical fit method, and reducedfitting method (RFM) fit methods. The calibration factor (CF), defined as the ratio between the conventional true value of the neutron ambient dose equivalent rates in a free field, H*(10)' FF, and H*(10)' dir, was evaluated as one of the important characteristics of the neutron meters in the present work. The fitting results show that the H*(10)' dir values of the meters are in good agreement within the theoretical data within 4%. The averaged CFs of the three neutron meters were evaluated as 0:99 ± 0:01, 1:00 ± 0.03;and 0:99 ± 0:08, respectively. The largest standard uncertainty of these values was determined to be approximately 18.47%(k =1). The standard uncertainty of the CFs obtained using the RFM method was less than 4.23%(k=1), which is the smallest uncertainty among the three methods.
文摘Smart meters provide a lot of convenience for both power supply and consumption. Due to the frequent transmission of information, it brings great challenges to the privacy preservation of the user’s household power consumption data in the smart grid. In order to achieve the anonymity of smart meters. A smart meter privacy preservation scheme based on identity authentication is proposed. The third-party certification authority is introduced in this scheme;it issues pseudonym certificates to realize the identity privacy preservation of smart meters. The masking technology with the Advanced Encryption Standard algorithm is used for data aggregation. The results show that our scheme reduces the computational cost and the communication overhead.
文摘To design a Double-Pole Four-Throw (DP4T) RF switch, measurement of device parameters is required. In this DP4T RF switch CMOS is a unit cell, so with a thin oxide layer of thickness 628 ? which is measured optically. Some of the material parameters were found by the curve drawn between Capacitance versus Voltage (C-V) and Capacitance versus Frequency (C-F) with the application of Visual Engineering Environment Programming (VEE Pro). To perform the measurement processing at a distance, from the hazardous room, we use VEE Pro software. In this research, to acquire a fine result for RF MOSFET, we vary the voltage with minor increments and perform the measurements by vary the applying voltage from +5 V to –5 V and then back to +5 V again and then save this result in a data sheet with respect to temperature, voltage and frequency using this program. We have investigated the characteristics of RF MOSFET, which will be used for the wireless telecommunication systems.
文摘New methodology of designing the differential pressure flow meters for fluid energy carriers is developed in order to provide minimum uncertainty of results of flow rate measurement. This methodology is implemented in “Raskhod-RU” CAD system for computer aided design and calculation of differential pressure flow meters. “Raskhod-RU” CAD meets the requirements of new Standards implemented in CIS countries (GOST 8.586.1,2,3,4,5-2005) and provides accomplishment of the following tasks: verification of conditions (constraints) for application of the differential pressure method according to the requirements of new Standards;calculation of parameters of primary device, pipe straight lengths and flow meter in general according to the requirements of new Standards;calculation of uncertainty of results of fluid flow rate and volume measurement.
文摘Physicists and especially applied physicists long for a convenient way for converting mechanical, solar energy, and thermal energy into electricity, which makes up our modern lives—from a small LED light to many integrated communication devices. Since the breakthrough work by Faraday in the beginning of the 19th century, the harvesting of electricity has been the hot topic in our modern society.
文摘Smart metering has gained considerable attention as a research focus due to its reliability and energy-efficient nature compared to traditional electromechanical metering systems. Existing methods primarily focus on data management,rather than emphasizing efficiency. Accurate prediction of electricity consumption is crucial for enabling intelligent grid operations,including resource planning and demandsupply balancing. Smart metering solutions offer users the benefits of effectively interpreting their energy utilization and optimizing costs. Motivated by this,this paper presents an Intelligent Energy Utilization Analysis using Smart Metering Data(IUA-SMD)model to determine energy consumption patterns. The proposed IUA-SMD model comprises three major processes:data Pre-processing,feature extraction,and classification,with parameter optimization. We employ the extreme learning machine(ELM)based classification approach within the IUA-SMD model to derive optimal energy utilization labels. Additionally,we apply the shell game optimization(SGO)algorithm to enhance the classification efficiency of the ELM by optimizing its parameters. The effectiveness of the IUA-SMD model is evaluated using an extensive dataset of smart metering data,and the results are analyzed in terms of accuracy and mean square error(MSE). The proposed model demonstrates superior performance,achieving a maximum accuracy of65.917% and a minimum MSE of0.096. These results highlight the potential of the IUA-SMD model for enabling efficient energy utilization through intelligent analysis of smart metering data.