Estimation of Chloride Diffusivity in Hydrated Tricalcium Silicate Using a Hydration-Diffusion Integrated Method

This study aims to develop a chloride diffusion simulation method that considers the hydration microstructure and pore solution properties during the hydration of tricalcium silicate(C3S).The method combines the hydration simulation,thermodynamic calculation,and finite element analysis to examine the effects of pore solution,including effect of electrochemical potential,effect of chemical activity,and effect of mechanical interactions between ions,on the chloride effective diffusion coefficient of hydrated C3S paste.The results indicate that the effect of electrochemical potential on chloride diffusion becomes stronger with increasing hydration age due to the increase in the content of hydrated calcium silicate;as the hydration age increases,the effect of chemical activity on chloride diffusion weakens when the number of diffusible elements decreases;the effect of mechanical interactions between ions on chloride diffusion decreases with the increase of hydration age.

Study of the Transport Behavior of Multispherical Proppant in Intersecting Fracture Based on Discrete Element Method

To analyze the differences in the transport and distribution of different types of proppants and to address issues such as the short effective support of proppant and poor placement in hydraulically intersecting fractures,this study considered the combined impact of geological-engineering factors on conductivity.Using reservoir production parameters and the discrete elementmethod,multispherical proppants were constructed.Additionally,a 3D fracture model,based on the specified conditions of the L block,employed coupled(Computational Fluid Dynamics)CFD-DEM(Discrete ElementMethod)for joint simulations to quantitatively analyze the transport and placement patterns of multispherical proppants in intersecting fractures.Results indicate that turbulent kinetic energy is an intrinsic factor affecting proppant transport.Moreover,the efficiency of placement and migration distance of low-sphericity quartz sand constructed by the DEM in the main fracture are significantly reduced compared to spherical ceramic proppants,with a 27.7%decrease in the volume fraction of the fracture surface,subsequently affecting the placement concentration and damaging fracture conductivity.Compared to small-angle fractures,controlling artificial and natural fractures to expand at angles of 45°to 60°increases the effective support length by approximately 20.6%.During hydraulic fracturing of gas wells,ensuring the fracture support area and post-closure conductivity can be achieved by controlling the sphericity of proppants and adjusting the perforation direction to control the direction of artificial fractures.

Optimal Scheduling of an Independent Electro-Hydrogen System with Hybrid Energy Storage Using a Multi-Objective Standardization Fusion Method

In the independent electro-hydrogen system(IEHS)with hybrid energy storage(HESS),achieving optimal scheduling is crucial.Still,it presents a challenge due to the significant deviations in values ofmultiple optimization objective functions caused by their physical dimensions.These deviations seriously affect the scheduling process.A novel standardization fusion method has been established to address this issue by analyzing the variation process of each objective function’s values.The optimal scheduling results of IEHS with HESS indicate that the economy and overall energy loss can be improved 2–3 times under different optimization methods.The proposed method better balances all optimization objective functions and reduces the impact of their dimensionality.When the cost of BESS decreases by approximately 30%,its participation deepens by about 1 time.Moreover,if the price of the electrolyzer is less than 15￥/kWh or if the cost of the fuel cell drops below 4￥/kWh,their participation will increase substantially.This study aims to provide a more reasonable approach to solving multi-objective optimization problems.

Structural Modal Parameter Recognition and Related Damage Identification Methods under Environmental Excitations: A Review

Modal parameters can accurately characterize the structural dynamic properties and assess the physical state of the structure.Therefore,it is particularly significant to identify the structural modal parameters according to the monitoring data information in the structural health monitoring(SHM)system,so as to provide a scientific basis for structural damage identification and dynamic model modification.In view of this,this paper reviews methods for identifying structural modal parameters under environmental excitation and briefly describes how to identify structural damages based on the derived modal parameters.The paper primarily introduces data-driven modal parameter recognition methods(e.g.,time-domain,frequency-domain,and time-frequency-domain methods,etc.),briefly describes damage identification methods based on the variations of modal parameters(e.g.,natural frequency,modal shapes,and curvature modal shapes,etc.)and modal validation methods(e.g.,Stability Diagram and Modal Assurance Criterion,etc.).The current status of the application of artificial intelligence(AI)methods in the direction of modal parameter recognition and damage identification is further discussed.Based on the pre-vious analysis,the main development trends of structural modal parameter recognition and damage identification methods are given to provide scientific references for the optimized design and functional upgrading of SHM systems.

Modeling Rice rgMT as a Plant Metallothionein-Like Protein by the Distance Geometry and Homology Methods

Rice metallothionein-like protein (rgMT) shows characteristics of a three-section pattern composed of two highly conserved cysteine rich (CR) domains in the terminals and a spacer without cysteine (cys) residues in the center of the molecule. In this paper, the two CR domains and the spacer region were modeled by the distance geometry and homology methods separately. For the CR domains, twenty random models were generated for each cys combination based on the constraint conditions of CXC (C represents cys, X represents any amino acid other than cys), and CXXC motifs and a metal-sulfur chelating cluster. Four models for the N-terminal and two for C-terminal CR domain containing metal chelating structures formed by different combinations of cys were selected from 900 possible conformations. The GOR method was used to predict the secondary structure of the spacer region and its model was built by the homology method. After three parts of the protein were modeled, they were connected to form a three-dimensional structure model of rgMT. The whole conformation showed that rgMT could form two independent metal-sulfur chelating structures connected by a spacer peptide, without a structural or energy barrier for them to form two independent metal-chelating clusters just as mammalian metallothionein (MT) proteins. As all plant metallothionein-like (MT-L) proteins have the same primary structural characteristic, two CR domains connected by a spacer region, and many have the same cys arrangement pattern as rgMT, the three-dimensional structure model of rgMT will provide an important reference for the structural study of other plant MT-L proteins.

Improving convergence of incremental harmonic balance method using homotopy analysis method

We have deduced incremental harmonic balance an iteration scheme in the （IHB） method using the harmonic balance plus the Newton-Raphson method. Since the convergence of the iteration is dependent upon the initial values in the iteration, the convergent region is greatly restricted for some cases. In this contribution, in order to enlarge the convergent region of the IHB method, we constructed the zeroth-order deformation equation using the homotopy analysis method, in which the IHB method is employed to solve the deformation equation with an embedding parameter as the active increment. Taking the Duffing and the van der Pol equations as examples, we obtained the highly accurate solutions. Importantly, the presented approach renders a convenient way to control and adjust the convergence.

Nonlinear oscillations with parametric excitation solved by homotopy analysis method

An analytical technique, namely the homotopy analysis method （HAM）, is used to solve problems of nonlinear oscillations with parametric excitation. Unlike perturbation methods, HAM is not dependent on any small physical parameters at all, and thus valid for both weakly and strongly nonlinear problems. In addition, HAM is different from all other analytic techniques in providing a simple way to adjust and control convergence region of the series solution by means of an auxiliary parameter h. In the present paper, a periodic analytic approximations for nonlinear oscillations with parametric excitation are obtained by using HAM, and the results are validated by numerical simulations.

A hyperbolic Lindstedt-Poincare method for homoclinic motion of a kind of strongly nonlinear autonomous oscillators

A hyperbolic Lindstedt-Poincare method is presented to determine the homoclinic solutions of a kind of nonlinear oscillators, in which critical value of the homoclinic bifurcation parameter can be determined. The generalized Lienard oscillator is studied in detail, and the present method＇s predictions are compared with those of Runge-Kutta method to illustrate its accuracy.

Novel implementation of homogenization method to predict effective properties of periodic materials

Representative volume element （RVE） method and asymptotic homogenization （AH） method are two widely used methods in predicting effective properties of pe- riodic materials. This paper develops a novel implementa- tion of the AH method, which has rigorous mathematical foundation of the AH method, and also simplicity as the RVE method. This implementation can be easily realized using commercial software as a black box, and can use all kinds of elements available in commercial software to model unit cells with rather complicated microstructures, so the model may remain a fairly small scale. Several examples were car- fled out to demonstrate the simplicity and effectiveness of the new implementation.

A Combined Homotopy Infeasible Interior-Point Method for Convex Nonlinear Programming

In this paper, on the basis of the logarithmic barrier function and KKT conditions, we propose a combined homotopy infeasible interior-point method （CHIIP） for convex nonlinear programming problems. For any convex nonlinear programming, without strict convexity for the logarithmic barrier function, we get different solutions of the convex programming in different cases by CHIIP method.

RHOMBUS THINKING METHOD AND ITS APPLICATION IN SCHEME DESIGN

Rhombus thinking, a new creative thinking method,is the combination of divergent thinking process and convergent thinking process,in which qualitative analysis is carried out before quantitative analysis This method tries to solve the bottle neck problem in intelligent CAD based on the extension theory The rhombus thinking method to the scheme design of new products is applied In this process, firstly, the matter element expression for the know information are set up, and then a set of matter elements are opened up by matter elements extension method; Finally,the useful information are got by appraisal method of dependent degree It has been successfully applied to the scheme design for the cutter store of machining center Theoretical and experimental results demonstrated fhat the method is much more accurate,objective and efficient than the traditional one

Texture evolution and inhomogeneous deformation of polycrystalline Cu based on crystal plasticity finite element method and particle swarm optimization algorithm

Texture evolution and inhomogeneous deformation of polycrystalline Cu during uniaxial compression are investigated at the grain scale by combining crystal plasticity finite element method(CPFEM) with particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm. The texture-based representative volume element(TBRVE) is used in the crystal plasticity finite element model, where a given number of crystallographic orientations are obtained by means of discretizing the orientation distribution function(ODF) based on electron backscattered diffraction(EBSD) experiment data. Three-dimensional grains with different morphologies are generated on the basis of Voronoi tessellation. The PSO algorithm plays a significant role in identifying the material parameters and saving computational time. The macroscopic stress–strain curve is predicted based on CPFEM, where the simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental ones. Therefore, CPFEM is a powerful candidate for capturing the texture evolution and clarifying the inhomogeneous plastic deformation of polycrystalline Cu. The simulation results indicate that the <110> fiber texture is generated finally with the progression of plastic deformation. The inhomogeneous distribution of rotation angles lays the foundation for the inhomogeneous deformation of polycrystalline Cu in terms of grain scale.

Transient analysis of 1D inhomogeneous media by dynamic inhomogeneous finite element method

The dynamic inhomogeneous finite element method is studied for use in the transient analysis of one dimensional inhomogeneous media. The general formula of the inhomogeneous consistent mass matrix is established based on the shape function. In order to research the advantages of this method, it is compared with the general finite element method. A linear bar element is chosen for the discretization tests of material parameters with two fictitious distributions. And, a numerical example is solved to observe the differences in the results between these two methods. Some characteristics of the dynamic inhomogeneous finite element method that demonstrate its advantages are obtained through comparison with the general finite element method. It is found that the method can be used to solve elastic wave motion problems with a large element scale and a large number of iteration steps.

Upconversion luminescence of Y_2O_3:Er^(3+), Yb^(3+) nanoparticles prepared by a homogeneous precipitation method

Y2O3： Er^3＋, Yb^3＋ nanoparticles were synthesized by a homogeneous precipitation method without and with different concentrations of EDTA 2Na. Upconversion luminescence spectra of the samples were studied under 980 nm laser excitation. The results of XRD showed that the obtained Y2O3：Er^3＋,Yb^3＋ nanoparticles were of a cubic structure. The average crystallite sizes calculated were in the range of 28-40 nm. Green and red upconversion emission were observed, and attributed to ^2H11/2,^4S3/2→^4I15/2 and ^4F9/2→^4I15/2 transitions of the ion, respectively. The ratio of the intensity of green emission to that of red emission drastically changed with a change in the EDTA 2Na concentration. In the sample synthesized without EDTA, the relative intensity of the green emission was weaker than that of the red emission. The relative intensities of green emission increased with the increased amount of EDTA 2Na used. The possible upconversion luminescence mechanisms were discussed.

Approximate homotopy similarity reduction for the generalized Kawahara equation via Lie symmetry method and direct method

This paper studies the generalized Kawahara equation in terms of the approximate homotopy symmetry method and the approximate homotopy direct method. Using both methods it obtains the similarity reduction solutions and similarity reduction equations of different orders, showing that the approximate homotopy direct method yields more general approximate similarity reductions than the approximate homotopy symmetry method. The homotopy series solutions to the generalized Kawahara equation are consequently derived.

Synthesis and luminescence properties of nanocrystalline Gd_3Ga_5O_(12):Eu^(3+) by a homogeneous precipitation method

Nanocrystalline Gd3Ga5O12:Eu3+ with cubic phase was prepared by a urea homogeneous precipitation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermo-gravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) and photoluminescence spectra were used to characterize the samples. The effects of the initial solution pH value and urea content on the structure of the sample were studied. The XRD results show that pure phase Gd3Ga5O12 can be obtained at pH =6 and pH =8 of the initial solution. The average crystallite size can be calculated as in the range of 24~33 nm. The average crystallite size decreases with increasing molar ratio of urea to metal ion. The results of excitation spectra and emission spectra show that the emission peaks are ascribed to 5D0→7FJ transitions of Eu3+, and the magnetic dipole transition originated from 5D0 →7F1 of Eu3+ is the strongest; the broad excitation bands belong to change transfer band of Eu?O and the host absorption of Gd3Ga5O12. An efficient energy transfer occurs from Gd3+ to Eu3+.

THE SATELLITE STRUCTURE TOPOLOGY OPTIMIZATION BASED ON HOMOGENIZATION METHOD AND ITS SIZE SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS

With the development of satellite structure technology, more and more design parameters will affect its structural performance. It is desirable to obtain an optimal structure design with a minimum weight, including optimal configuration and sizes. The present paper aims to describe an optimization analysis for a satellite structure, including topology optimization and size optimization. Based on the homogenization method, the topology optimization is carried out for the main supporting frame of service module under given constraints and load conditions, and then the sensitivity analysis is made of 15 structural size parameters of the whole satellite and the optimal sizes are obtained. The numerical result shows that the present optimization design method is very effective.

An eigenelement method and two homogenization conditions

Under inspiration from the structure-preserving property of symplectic difference schemes for Hamiltonian systems, two homogenization conditions for a representative unit cell of the periodical composites are proposed, one condition is the equivalence of strain energy, and the other is the deformation similarity. Based on these two homogenization conditions, an eigenelement method is presented, which is characteristic of structure-preserving property. It follows from the frequency comparisons that the eigenelement method is more accurate than the stiffness average method and the compliance average method.

New homotopy analysis transform method for solving the discontinued problems arising in nanotechnology

We present a new reliable analytical study for solving the discontinued problems arising in nanotechnology. Such problems are presented as nonlinear differential-difference equations. The proposed method is based on the Laplace trans- form with the homotopy analysis method （HAM）. This method is a powerful tool for solving a large amount of problems. This technique provides a series of functions which may converge to the exact solution of the problem. A good agreement between the obtained solution and some well-known results is obtained.