Objective: To establish an evaluation index system for the first-time certification of diabetes specialist nurses in line with the clinical nursing practice in China, and to provide a reference basis for government ad...Objective: To establish an evaluation index system for the first-time certification of diabetes specialist nurses in line with the clinical nursing practice in China, and to provide a reference basis for government administrations and hospitals to formulate unified standards. Methods: After the research team has determined the theme, it will consult the development of A) specialist nursing through the library, Internet and electronic literature database;B) the history of the development of specialist nurses in diabetes and other fields;C) the selection criteria of specialist nurses;D) the training of specialist nurses system, assessment method;E) Specialist nurse certification body, evaluation standards and certification standards and other related documents, literature, books and report materials. The author established the preliminary index system through literature review, specialist interview and group discussion and used Delphi method to organize three rounds of 30 experts’ consultations. Results: A first certification evaluation index system including 8 fundamental indicators, 5 first-level indicators, 19 second-level indicators and 99 third-level indicators was constructed for diabetes nurses. Conclusion: The results of three rounds of expert consultation and demonstration are reliable, and the constructed index system is suitable for comprehensive evaluation of diabetes specialist nurses, which provides a basis for the effective management of nursing resources.展开更多
Since the middle 1990s, ecotourism certification has been given more and more attention to around the world.As a developing country with abundant ecotourism products, it is necessary for China to adopt certification t...Since the middle 1990s, ecotourism certification has been given more and more attention to around the world.As a developing country with abundant ecotourism products, it is necessary for China to adopt certification to ensuresustainable development of ecotourism. But there are few products certificated until now in China. After reviewing thetrend of ecotourism certification in the world and summarizing its theory and method, this paper analyzes the progressand prospect of ecotourism certification in China, and concludes that certification in China is necessary and promising.展开更多
Cooperation in energy systems is no longer limited to the distribution of electricity,and more attention is paid to the trading of green certificates(GCs).This paper proposed a cooperative method for photovoltaic(PV)a...Cooperation in energy systems is no longer limited to the distribution of electricity,and more attention is paid to the trading of green certificates(GCs).This paper proposed a cooperative method for photovoltaic(PV)and electric-to-hydrogen(EH)trading,including GC trading under risk management.First,a novel PV and EH model is established and the cooperation mechanism is analyzed.Meanwhile,PV and EH models were risk-controlled using the conditional value at risk to reduce the impact of the uncertainty of PV electricity and EH loads.Then,the PV-EH cooperative model was established based on cooperative game theory;this was then divided into two subproblems of“cooperative benefit maximization”and“transaction payment negotiation,”and the above two subproblems were solved distributively by alternating direction multiplier method(ADMM).Only energy transactions and price negotiations were conducted between the PV and EH,which can protect the privacy and confidentiality of each entity.Finally,the effectiveness of the cooperation model was verified using a practical engineering case.The simulation results show that the cooperation of the PV-EH can significantly improve the operational efficiency of each entity and the overall efficiency of the cooperation and realize the efficient redistribution of electricity and GC.展开更多
In order to promote the reform of vocational education,the state has issued the National Vocational Education Reform Implementation Plan,in which the reform of"Teachers,Teaching Materials,and Teaching Methods&quo...In order to promote the reform of vocational education,the state has issued the National Vocational Education Reform Implementation Plan,in which the reform of"Teachers,Teaching Materials,and Teaching Methods"as well as the"1+X"certificate have been the most prominent topics for discussion.Facing new opportunities for vocational education development,popularizing the blend of"1+x"courses and certificates,strengthening the integration of production and education,as well as enhancing professional soft skills are urgent issues to solved.This article combines the"1+X"certificate of civil engineering professional construction drawings and analyzes the necessity of promoting the"1+X"professional skill level as well as the combination of certificate and curriculum construction in deepening the reform of"Teachers,Teaching Materials,and Teaching Methods."Several suggestions have been put forward for the reform of"Teachers,Teaching Materials,and Teaching Methods"which would be helpful for the practical exploration in the reform of"three teaching methods."展开更多
数字技术的日益发展给教育领域带来了革命性影响,学习过程变得更加个性化、多样化,而传统学习评估系统已无法满足个性化学习成果的评价需求。在此背景下,一种新的学习成果认证模式“微认证”应运而生。为了更好地了解微认证的国际研究现...数字技术的日益发展给教育领域带来了革命性影响,学习过程变得更加个性化、多样化,而传统学习评估系统已无法满足个性化学习成果的评价需求。在此背景下,一种新的学习成果认证模式“微认证”应运而生。为了更好地了解微认证的国际研究现状,提高国内教育界对微认证的关注度和认识度,运用内容分析法,对Web of Science数据库检索、筛选到的41篇文献进行文本解读,以明确微证书、微认证的基本内涵、教育价值。基于此,进一步梳理国际研究者开展的微认证应用研究,发现国际实践经验,总结并提炼对我国学习成果认证的启示,以期促进国内学习成果认证方式多元化发展。展开更多
文摘Objective: To establish an evaluation index system for the first-time certification of diabetes specialist nurses in line with the clinical nursing practice in China, and to provide a reference basis for government administrations and hospitals to formulate unified standards. Methods: After the research team has determined the theme, it will consult the development of A) specialist nursing through the library, Internet and electronic literature database;B) the history of the development of specialist nurses in diabetes and other fields;C) the selection criteria of specialist nurses;D) the training of specialist nurses system, assessment method;E) Specialist nurse certification body, evaluation standards and certification standards and other related documents, literature, books and report materials. The author established the preliminary index system through literature review, specialist interview and group discussion and used Delphi method to organize three rounds of 30 experts’ consultations. Results: A first certification evaluation index system including 8 fundamental indicators, 5 first-level indicators, 19 second-level indicators and 99 third-level indicators was constructed for diabetes nurses. Conclusion: The results of three rounds of expert consultation and demonstration are reliable, and the constructed index system is suitable for comprehensive evaluation of diabetes specialist nurses, which provides a basis for the effective management of nursing resources.
文摘Since the middle 1990s, ecotourism certification has been given more and more attention to around the world.As a developing country with abundant ecotourism products, it is necessary for China to adopt certification to ensuresustainable development of ecotourism. But there are few products certificated until now in China. After reviewing thetrend of ecotourism certification in the world and summarizing its theory and method, this paper analyzes the progressand prospect of ecotourism certification in China, and concludes that certification in China is necessary and promising.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.5197707).
文摘Cooperation in energy systems is no longer limited to the distribution of electricity,and more attention is paid to the trading of green certificates(GCs).This paper proposed a cooperative method for photovoltaic(PV)and electric-to-hydrogen(EH)trading,including GC trading under risk management.First,a novel PV and EH model is established and the cooperation mechanism is analyzed.Meanwhile,PV and EH models were risk-controlled using the conditional value at risk to reduce the impact of the uncertainty of PV electricity and EH loads.Then,the PV-EH cooperative model was established based on cooperative game theory;this was then divided into two subproblems of“cooperative benefit maximization”and“transaction payment negotiation,”and the above two subproblems were solved distributively by alternating direction multiplier method(ADMM).Only energy transactions and price negotiations were conducted between the PV and EH,which can protect the privacy and confidentiality of each entity.Finally,the effectiveness of the cooperation model was verified using a practical engineering case.The simulation results show that the cooperation of the PV-EH can significantly improve the operational efficiency of each entity and the overall efficiency of the cooperation and realize the efficient redistribution of electricity and GC.
文摘In order to promote the reform of vocational education,the state has issued the National Vocational Education Reform Implementation Plan,in which the reform of"Teachers,Teaching Materials,and Teaching Methods"as well as the"1+X"certificate have been the most prominent topics for discussion.Facing new opportunities for vocational education development,popularizing the blend of"1+x"courses and certificates,strengthening the integration of production and education,as well as enhancing professional soft skills are urgent issues to solved.This article combines the"1+X"certificate of civil engineering professional construction drawings and analyzes the necessity of promoting the"1+X"professional skill level as well as the combination of certificate and curriculum construction in deepening the reform of"Teachers,Teaching Materials,and Teaching Methods."Several suggestions have been put forward for the reform of"Teachers,Teaching Materials,and Teaching Methods"which would be helpful for the practical exploration in the reform of"three teaching methods."
文摘数字技术的日益发展给教育领域带来了革命性影响,学习过程变得更加个性化、多样化,而传统学习评估系统已无法满足个性化学习成果的评价需求。在此背景下,一种新的学习成果认证模式“微认证”应运而生。为了更好地了解微认证的国际研究现状,提高国内教育界对微认证的关注度和认识度,运用内容分析法,对Web of Science数据库检索、筛选到的41篇文献进行文本解读,以明确微证书、微认证的基本内涵、教育价值。基于此,进一步梳理国际研究者开展的微认证应用研究,发现国际实践经验,总结并提炼对我国学习成果认证的启示,以期促进国内学习成果认证方式多元化发展。
