Patients’Knowledge, Attitude and Practices on Disposal Methods of Expired and Unused Medicines: Implication for Creation of Drug Take-Back Program

Background: Handling of medicines is a day-to-day activity by patients and many health care providers. However, multiple studies have brought to light inappropriate disposal methods for expired and unused medication (EUM). Improper disposal of expired and unused medicines is hazardous both to humans and the environment. Objective: This sought to measure patients’ knowledge, attitude, and practices on disposal methods of EUM. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 384 patients at three outpatient pharmacies at the University Teaching Hospitals (UTHs). The structured questionnaire was used to collect data and STAT version 15.1 was used to analyse the data. Results: 384 respondents participated in this study and, at some point, had EUM. In this study, 356 (92.7%) of the participants reported that they had never heard of a drug take-back system. Most of the participants 285 (74.2%) and 239 (62.2%) kept and donated their unused medicine, respectively. Additionally, 244 (63.5%), 212 (55.2%), and 176 (44.8%) of the participants disposed of expired medicines in the bin or garbage, flushed them in toilets or sinks, or burned them, respectively. Occupation was significantly associated with unsafe disposal of unused medicine [P-value = 0.019]. Conclusion and Relevance: Knowledge of safe disposal methods for EUM was good amongst most participants. However, used unsafe disposal methods. The majority of the participants exhibited positive attitude concerning safe disposal methods. This study highlights the need for drug-take-back program creation in Zambia.

Exploration of Practical English Teaching Strategies and Methods

With the accelerated development of globalization,the importance of English as an international language is self-evident.However,traditional English teaching often focuses on grammar and vocabulary,while neglecting practical applications.In order to cultivate students who can use English fluently and confidently,we need to conduct in-depth discussions on English teaching strategies and methods.In terms of speaking,teachers can arrange classroom discussions,role-playing,and other activities to encourage students to speak English boldly.Through continuous practice,students can gradually overcome shyness and nervousness,improve their fluency and confidence in oral expression.This teaching method can not only help students better understand the English language,but also broaden their horizons and improve their cross-cultural communication skills.This article will illustrate the necessity of practical English teaching through examples and case studies,and explore effective teaching strategies and methods.

The Role of Secondary School Teacher Training in Their Teaching Practices-A Secondary Publication

This work aims to analyze the effect exerted by the initial and continuous training of secondary school teachers in France on their teaching practices.For this,we carried out a secondary analysis of data from the TALIS survey(Teaching and Learning International Survey),conducted in 2013 in 34 countries,including France.In particular,we focus on practices related to the teaching methods used,classroom management,how to communicate,and the evaluative practices of teachers.In support of binary logistic regression models,we showed that the variables related to initial training play a weak role,and even exert a negative effect on certain pedagogic practices,leading to a reflection on the renovation of this training.On the other hand,our analyses highlighted the greater weight played by certain continuing education actions.

Innovation Practices of Virtual Simulation Teaching Method in Landscape Architecture Majors

Based on foreign and domestic literature about teaching theories and simulation application,advantages and disadvantages of simulation teaching and other teaching methods were compared,organization forms and efficiency of simulation teaching in network environment discussed,students' learning patterns and styles summarized,and the theoretical research foundation for the simulation teaching and students' learning system in network environment established.Common problems of simulation teaching and corresponding students' learning styles were discussed,application and supervision system of simulation teaching established,students' learning styles innovated.Views and innovations of virtual simulation teaching in simulation teaching of landscape architecture were given,and the research framework sorted out as reference.

Strategic information perception methods and practices in the open source intelligence

Open source intelligence is one of the most important public data sources for strategic information analysis. One of the primary and core issues of strategic information research is information perception,so this paper mainly expounds the perception method for strategic information perception in the open source intelligence environment as well as the framework and basic process of information perception. This paper argues that in order to match the information perception result with the information depiction result,it conducts practical exploration for the results of information acquisition,perception,depiction and analysis. This paper introduces and develops a monitoring platform for information perception. The results show that the method proposed in this paper is feasible.

Analysis of Common Clinical Practice Teaching Methods in Medical Colleges and Universities

Clinical practice teaching is an important part of medical education.For medical students in colleges and universities,the teaching method is mostly single before the teaching reform.Innovative clinical practice teaching methods have been implemented in colleges and universities with the deepening of the teaching reform in recent years.

Application of the “Three Threes” Method in Clinical Teaching of Internal Jugular Vein Puncture

Objective: To clarify the role of the “Three Threes” method in clinical teaching of internal jugular vein puncture and explore improvements in teaching methods. Methods: A doctor was assigned to the induction room of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital) for two months. The time required for catheterization, the first puncture success rate, and occurrence of puncture-related complications were compared before and after learning the “Three Threes” method. Results: Using the “Three Threes” method reduced the catheterization time by 43%, increased the first puncture success rate by 17%, and led to fewer puncture-related complications. Conclusion: The application of the “Three Threes” method not only improves the success rate of internal jugular vein puncture but also reduces complications, making it easier for students to master the technique.

The Application and Practice of TBL Method in the Teaching of “Zhuang Medical Prescriptions”

The application of TBL teaching method to"Zhuang Medical Prescriptions"is an actual practice of group cooperative learning mode.Through this method,a more active learning atmosphere can be constructed,and it is also an activity to jointly achieve the teaching goals.From the perspective of the practice of basic teaching,it is a creative teaching strategy.Let students develop the awareness and habit of using team groups for cooperative inquisitive learning,so as to gradually improve students'level of comprehensive application analysis.This paper discusses in detail from the perspective of practical research and building,and compares data under different teaching methods with test results to prove that TBL teaching method is superior to traditional teaching method.

Practical Discussion of Output Oriented Method in English Major Teaching

China’s education has always been the focus for all sectors of society,and the education reform has been going on an in-depth process.Therein English major has made good progress in teaching reform,and is the focus for the education sector and the public.At present,colleges and universities in our country are facing some prominent problems.They are the phenomena that many colleges and universities have always attached great importance to language education and paid not enough attention to the ability of language communication,and paid too much attention to the explanation process and lack of training.Only the overall reform and development can make the teaching effect reach a satisfactory level.By promoting students to obtain good achievements,we can carry on longterm development in the new background and new era.Output oriented method is a new word with strong timeliness.It can improve the comprehensive quality of students to a certain extent.At the same time,it can promote the teaching quality in a certain sense,and has a positive role.

Practical Logic and Optimization Path of the Effectiveness of Teaching Methods in Ideological and Political Theory Courses

Since the Party Central Committee has explicitly requested the running of excellent ideological and political theory courses,the teaching methods of ideological and political theory courses have become a major topic of discussion in academic circles.A gap remains between the current teaching methods of ideological and political theory courses and those in the new era.In order to improve the nurturing effect of key courses,it is necessary to study the basic logic of its effectiveness enhancement from the perspective of practice.In the new era,it is essential to take the spirit from the series of important speeches of the Party and national leaders on ideological and political theory courses as guidance,draw on the effective teaching ideas of Comenius that reflect“fun,”“convenience,”and“thoroughness,”closely combine the teaching practice,as well as select and apply the teaching methods based on the concept of three“combinations”and two“innovations,”i.e.,combining students,teachers’teaching styles,and teaching contents;and innovating and practicing the integrated teaching method of diversified integration as well as the new teaching method of media technology-integrated smart classroom.

创伤性伤口患者居家带伤洗浴方案的构建与初步验证研究

背景创伤是一种发生率高、耗费大的全球性健康问题,预防和控制感染是创伤性伤口处理的一大挑战,而创伤后长时间不进行皮肤清洗在影响舒适度的同时也增加伤口感染的发生率。尽管很多患者创伤后有洗浴的意愿,然而何时洗浴、如何洗浴尚不明确,因此,构建适宜的带伤洗浴方案对保持皮肤和伤口清洁十分必要。目的构建适合我国创伤性伤口患者使用的居家带伤洗浴方案,为保持创伤患者的皮肤清洁、改善伤口愈合结局提供可行的护理方案。方法检索国内外数据库获取原始文献,通过循证分析、归纳、小组讨论,形成创伤性伤口患者居家带伤洗浴方案的条目初稿。纳入15名副高职称以上的伤口护理专家,采用德尔菲专家函询法修改和完善带伤洗浴方案,每轮函询间隔1周,采用专家积极系数和权威系数评价函询结果的可靠性,采用变异系数评价函询结果的一致性,当变异系数<0.25时表示专家意见趋于一致,停止函询,形成修改稿。纳入门诊创伤性伤口患者30例进行预试验,采用Likert 5级评分验证带伤洗浴方案的便利性、安全性和患者依从性,讨论修改后形成最终方案。结果纳入23篇相关文献,循证分析、讨论后形成了“洗浴前准备”“洗浴操作”“洗浴后处理”3个一级条目、7个二级条目、9个三级条目和4个四级条目的创伤性伤口患者居家带伤洗浴方案初稿。15位专家进行2轮函询后意见趋于一致,两轮问卷回收率分别为93.75%和100.00%,权威系数分别为0.947和0.957。第一轮各条目重要性和可操作性变异系数分别为0~0.25、0~0.23,第二轮各条目重要性和可操作性变异系数分别为0.09~0.18、0.07~0.14,共删除条目2个,修改条目5个,新增条目2个,形成了修改稿。预试验验证结果:30例创伤性伤口患者依从洗浴方案每周洗浴(2.70±0.47)次,每次洗浴时间10~15 min,便利性评分(4.67±0.48)分,依从性评分(4.70±0.47)分,未发生与洗浴有关的不良事件及洗浴有关的伤口感染。预试验证明洗浴方案安全可靠、简单便利,患者依从性好,最终形成包括3个一级条目、8个二级条目、9个三级条目和3个四级条目的创伤性伤口患者居家带伤洗浴方案终稿。结论本研究构建创伤性伤口患者居家带伤洗浴方案过程中,专家积极系数和权威系数高,获得了函询专家的一致认可。预试验中30例创伤性伤口患者的依从性高,带伤洗浴方案安全、便利,可用于我国创伤性伤口患者居家带伤洗浴。

Seminar教学法在《全科医学概论》课程中的应用研究

目的:在《全科医学概论》的教学中应用Seminar教学法,探讨该教学法的应用效果。方法:从开设《全科医学概论》的佳木斯大学临床医学专业四年级本科生中选取160人作为研究对象,将学生随机分为对照组、实验组各80人。其中,对照组根据教学大纲的要求实施传统教学法,实验组应用Seminar教学法进行教学。比较分析两组学生学习效果及对教学的满意度。结果:与对照组相比,实验组学生、学习效果(课堂氛围、文献检索能力、思维拓展能力、知识的接受程度、自主学习能力、对未来从事全科医疗充满兴趣)以及学生对教学满意度均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:在《全科医学概论》课程教学中,应用Seminar教学法进行教学,可以激发医学生自主学习、研讨的主观能动性,有效提高学习效果并增加教学满意度。

高含水老油田化学驱综合治理新方法及工程实践路径

针对胜利高含水老油田化学驱在科学、技术、管理、工程四个角度面临的开发矛盾,以渤76块为典型单元,在工程实践中进行具体对策分析,构建了“适、专、快、集”的老油田化学驱综合治理新方法。“适”指在老油田科学开发方式转化上,构建不同油藏类型老油田化学驱最佳介入时机模型,提出了在含水率相对较低的阶段,是适合化学驱的有利时机,高效开发方式需“适”介入。“专”指在老油田开发技术应用上,改变传统聚合物先溶解后注入的开发思路,研制可控相转化聚合物,使聚合物先注入后溶解,解决炮眼剪切降解的难题,提高油水流度控制能力,老油田开发矛盾需“专”治理。“快”指在老油田综合管理模式上,改变传统方式,即矿场提问题、研究院设计方案、化工厂生产驱油剂的“串联”管理模式,提出充分发挥矿场、研究院、生产厂三方优势的“并联”管理模式,形成针对单一油藏的产品工业化工艺包以及产业化落地方案,老油田开发技术实现“快”转化。“集”指在老油田工程应用实践上,打破老油田化学驱地面大规模建站的工程工艺模式,采用集约化撬装配注设备,实现老油田化学驱的集约快速配注,老油田工程工艺实现“集”应用。运用上述方法,在胜利油田渤76块综合含水率上升初期,实施由水驱转为可控相转化聚合物驱,实施后一年即见到明显的降水增油效果,单井日产油水平增加8.6t/d,综合含水率降低3.1%,验证了综合治理模式的可行性,为高含水老油田化学驱高效开发提供了有效路径。

3-Turns教学法在实践共同体促进深度学习中的应用

在电气工程专业实践教学过程中凝练出由Turn up、Turn away、Turn back等环节组成的3-Turns教学法。经过多轮的实践应用,3-Turns教学法在实践共同体中提供了一个兼具解释性与可操作性的教学样例。研究发现,3-Turns教学法对实践共同体促进工科生深度学习起到了提质增效的作用;3-Turns教学法为工程实践学习情境的强化设计提供了理论依据与经验支持。该研究验证了基于3-Turns教学法的实践共同体促进工科生深度学习的有效性,为助力工科人才培养质量的持续提升做出了积极的探索与实践。

提质培优背景下PBL教学法应用研究——以商务英语谈判开局为例

提质培优背景下,在“国际商务谈判”双语课堂中增值赋能,实施“三教”改革、深挖“思政元素”、创新课程体系、增强学生文化自信、培养学生工匠职业素养,以实现新时代英语人才的全面发展,在应用型高校发展和建设中十分必要。利用PBL教学法,探索以项目为载体,构建以学生学习为中心、企业和教师共同参与的实践性课堂,实现提质培优新阶段的人才培养目标。

急诊预检分诊岗位护理实习教学方法调查分析

目的探讨适合急诊预检分诊岗位护理实习的带教方法。方法随机选取2022年1—8月于广州医科大学附属第一医院、广州医科大学附属第二医院、广州医科大学附属第三医院、广州市第一人民医院、广东省人民医院等多家三甲医院急诊科实习的112名护理学生进行问卷调查,内容包括一般资料、急诊预检分诊岗位护理实习教学方法调查。结果参与调查的护生中,79名护生(70.5%)实习前已参加过急诊培训,102名(91.1%)护生认为非常有必要学习预检分诊知识,72名(64.3%)护生对学习预检分诊知识及技能非常有兴趣,105名护生(93.8%)自愿安排时间学习预检分诊知识。分别对急诊预检分诊岗位实习教学方法进行对比分析,排名最高的3种教学方法依次为情景教学法、以问题为基础的教学法(problem-basedlearning,PLB)、传统教授法。在校护生对护理实习教学方法的选择构成比比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论护生对急诊预检分诊岗位实习需求较高,更加倾向选择能提高其实践能力、理论与临床结合能力的实习带教方法。情景教学方法在本研究中的分值最高,在急诊预检分诊实习带教中可灵活使用。

精神心理方向护理硕士专业学位研究生临床实践培养方案的构建

目的 构建精神心理方向护理硕士专业学位研究生临床实践培养方案。方法 基于文献回顾和专家讨论,形成精神心理方向护理硕士专业学位研究生临床实践培养方案初稿。选取来自北京、长沙、武汉、南京、上海、广州、成都、合肥、南昌的13名专家作为函询对象,于2022年10月—12月采用专家函询法对其进行2轮函询。结果 2轮专家函询的专家积极系数均为100%;专家权威系数分别为0.94、0.96;肯德尔协调系数分别为0.251和0.418(P<0.001)。最终构建的精神心理方向护理硕士专业学位研究生临床实践培养方案由7个模块(培养目标、培养内容、培养方式、培养时间、考核内容及占比、带教师资、实践基地)、36个一级条目、67个二级条目、103个三级条目构成。结论 本研究构建的精神心理方向护理硕士专业学位研究生临床实践培养方案科学、可信,可为我国精神心理方向护理硕士专业学位研究生临床实践能力的培养提供参考。

基于德尔菲法的全科住院医师临床思维能力评价体系构建研究

背景全科医学的临床思维基于全科医学专业的自身特点,有其独特性,要求全科医师具备“以患者为中心”的临床诊断和治疗技能。为了更好地反映出全科临床住院医师的临床思维能力,需要建立一套完善的、可以反映出其全方面能力的有效评价标准,目前尚无适用于衡量全科住院医师临床思维能力的评价体系。目的通过德尔菲法(Delphi法)构建全科住院医师以岗位胜任力为导向的临床思维能力评价体系。方法2021年12月—2022年2月,本课题组基于文献研究初步构建了全科住院医师临床思维能力指标体系框架,运用Delphi法,与12位专家进行了两轮深入沟通,就指标的重要性给出客观评估,筛选出合适的指标,并运用层次分析法确定每个指标的权重。结果通过两轮专家咨询,本课题组建立了一个综合性的评估体系,其中包括5个一级指标(临床知识学习和扩展、资料收集和利用、诊断分析和利用、治疗决策能力、沟通和合作能力)以及30个二级指标。两轮咨询问卷有效回收率达到100.0%,专家权威系数为0.85,一级和二级指标的专家协调系数分别达到了0.299和0.189(P<0.01),一级指标的权重分别为0.198、0.198、0.227、0.227、0.150。结论本研究使用Delphi法建立一个全面评价住院医师临床思维能力的评估体系。经过对结果数据分析可知该评估体系具有较高的权威性和科学性,为今后培养高质量全科住院医师,提升全科医学教学质量提供了参考。

作物育种方法与实践课程思政教学案例库建设探索

自2020年5月教育部印发《高等学校课程思政建设指导纲要》以来,中国农业大学非常重视课程思政建设,将“立德树人”贯穿教学始终,在国内最早实施课程育人大纲,将“培养什么人,怎样培养人,为谁培养人”作为教学重中之重。在研究生院课程思政教学改革项目的支持下,我们对研究生学位课“作物育种方法与实践”的课程思政案例进行了搜集和整理,并将其融合在整个课程教学过程中,收到了很好的教学效果,受到了学生的普遍欢迎。该课程于2022年被评为“北京市课程思政示范课程”。

土木工程专业线上生产实习教学方法探讨

新冠疫情防控时期土木工程专业生产实习面临困境,以武汉理工大学的卓越工程师实习教学为例,提出以“线下专题讲座+线上视频学习”的方式在校内完成生产实习教学任务。与传统现场生产实习教学相比,改革后的教学内容全面、先进、详细,并取得较好的课程思政教学效果,为土木工程专业生产实习的教学改革提供了思路。