Current Issues in Software Re-Usability: A Critical Review of the Methodological &Legal Issues

The main objective of this research is to discuss the current legal and methodological issues in the field of software Re-Usability. Though there are enormous online forums discussing such issues via Q&A but this paper is an attempt to raise the awareness about the legal issues, which a software engineer may trap into. The paper discussed the current issues with software reusability within the legal and methodological context. This paper applied an extensive literature review to critically appraise the past studies to come to a collective conclusion. Prior to discussing the issues, the benefits of reuse were mentioned, including the saving of time and cost for users. But legally the reuse of software assets creates complexities for the user in relation to meeting all the licensing requirements and dealing with the liability in case of a breach. Methodologically, there are major barriers to reused software when it comes to technical competence and managerial issues such as a lack of resources. Even when reusing software to save time, and leverage off the specialization of other authors, the end-user must also have the technical expertise to search, adapt and merge these reusable assets into the larger software infrastructure. The review ultimately shows the high barriers still remain to software reuse which could mean that smaller developers and businesses will still be reluctant to fully utilize open-source components to the best advantage.

Rural Landscape as Heritage: Reasons for and Implications of Principles Concerning Rural Landscapes as Heritage ICOMOS-IFLA 2017

In 2011,the ICOMOS-IFLA International Scientific Committee on Cultural Landscapes(ISCCL)began the World Rural Landscapes Initiative(WRLI)project to develop a complete and systematic approach to cultural heritage for rural areas.Rural landscapes need further study in terms of methodology,operation and internationally recognised documents:protection and promotion,knowledge,methodology and management at international,national and local levels.The goals of the WRLI were:a principles text containing theoretical,methodological and operational criteria;a website;a glossary;an atlas of rural landscapes;and a general bibliography.The first goal has been achieved:Principles Concerning Rural Landscapes as Heritage was adopted as a doctrinal text by ICOMOS(2017).This paper presents the main cultural premises and contents of the Principles text:(I)the theoretical concepts of the‘Rural Landscape’and‘Rural Landscape as Heritage’;and(II)‘Action criteria’which guide the development of policies for rural landscapes as heritage and resources:knowledge,protection,sustainable management,communication and transmission of physical places and associated heritage values.This paper covers:the importance of time in policy strategy;the(false)contradiction of conservation and innovation and the concept of‘appropriate’transformation;the role of stakeholders;value recognition;knowledge;information;communication and public reception.