Practical Strategies for Urban Rail Transit Loop Planning, Construction, and Operation

Urban rail transit loops are essential in urban rail transit systems and transportation networks.However,precise requirements and reference standards for rail transit loop design have yet to be established.There are certain areas for improvement in planning,construction,and operation.In the planning and design of urban rail transit loops,the scale of the city and the relationship between line operations should be considered to ensure that the line conforms to the city’s operating traffic conditions and can effectively cater to peak passenger flow requirements.This article presents strategies for planning,constructing,and operating urban rail transit loops,laying the foundation for the healthy operation of urban rail transit.

Study on Jinan urban construction planning based on the protection of karst landscape

Study on urban construction planning based on karst landscape protection contributes to sustainable development of urban construction in karst area. Jinan is a city famous for karst spring water. Karst landscape plays a decisive role in urban construction. Through hydrogeological analysis, the distribution characteristics of karst mountain, cave, gully and flat dam in Jinan are analyzed. It is revealed that various karst landforms are involved in the spring circulation process to varying degrees. Some karst landforms have been destroyed in the process of urban construction and the karst landscape has been overexploited resulting in the direct or indirect weakening of spring water recharge and infiltration capacity and the decrease of spring water flow. Through the study of the principle of organic combination of karst landscape and urban construction planning, on the basis of protecting the ecological environment of the south, paying attention to the overall protection of the karst geomorphology system and the principle of accessibility of the karst landscape, the development countermeasures guided by urban planning are put forward based on karst landforms protection. On the basis of fully considering the special karst landform conditions in Jinan, the countermeasures are that the ecological control red line of urban construction planning should be set up based on karst mountains and valleys in southern of Jinan City. It is suggested that the bare carbonate rock continuous mountain foot line in the direct recharge area should be taken as the south control red line of urban development and included in the overall planning. The urban landscape is mainly displayed in the main axis based on karst mountains and springs, constructing East-West Axis-characteristic Landscape Belt along the Wufeng Mountain-Langmao Mountain-Hero Mountain-Qianfo Mountain-Long cave-Panlong cave-Jinping Mountain line and North-South Axis Landscape Belt along the Baotu SpringQianfo Mountain line, Baiquan-Panlong cave line, Baimai spring-Dajian Mountain line. Based on the karst river valleys and the river system, the urban spatial pattern is constructed, forming ecological corridor, restoring infiltration function of river. The form of urban construction should be shaped based on karst landform and the river system. The main form is semi-star like radiation type and the combination of central intensive type and zonal type. Based on the whole protection of karst geomorphology system and the scientific molding of karst landscape, the ecological landscape city with the symbiosis of spring and urban can be built.

Construction of Urban Space in Shengming Kangyuan Area of Liyang Based on Fengshui Theory

Under the background of stereotyped urban planning and construction and the pursuit of high land value,it is particularly important to explore the application of urban environmental characteristics in urban design and highlight the integration of local characteristics and people’s life.In this paper,based on the origin of Fengshui theory and the planning points of an ideal Fengshui pattern,the planning and design of Shengming Kangyuan Area in Liyang were studied to explore the positive influence of Fengshui theory in the construction of urban space,and some planning suggestions were put forward to improve the urban environment and achieve harmony and unity between man and the natural environment.

Research on the Reform of the Course“Reading of Concrete Structure Plan and Construction Drawings”Under the Background of“Promoting Teaching and Learning Through Competitions”

The inherent teaching approach can no longer meet the demands of society.In this paper,current issues within the teaching landscape of architectural engineering technology in higher vocational colleges as well as the policies and teaching demands that formed the basis of this model were analyzed.The study shows the importance of the implementation of the teaching model“promoting teaching and learning through competitions.”This model puts emphasis on the curriculum and teaching resources,while also integrating the teaching process and evaluation with competition.These efforts aim to drive education reform in order to better align with the objectives of vocational education personnel training,while also acting as a reference for similar courses.

Planning and Ecological Landscape Design of Urban Constructed Wetland

In addition to purifying water, constructed wetland has become an important ecological landscape in city. The characteristics and key design points of constructed wetland under the ecological principles were explored, taking the Jingyue Lake in Zhongxiang City, Hubei Province for example, treatment processes were designed for different infl ow waters on the basis of site analysis to facilitate the water environment control and ecological landscape construction, ecological theories were applied to explore functional layouts and landscape designs of wetland, to build a favorable ecological environment of urban wetland and design outstanding wetland ecological landscapes.

Strategies for the Construction of Vernacular Landscape in Urban Gardens

Vernacular landscape is the carrier of traditional techniques and local culture.The construction of vernacular landscape has gradually become the basic direction of modern urban garden design.Based on the analysis of the extraction and application of vernacular landscape elements,the application forms and design principles of each element in urban gardens are pointed out.At the same time,taking the artistic expression method of integrating vernacular landscape elements into garden landscape as the starting point and combining with case analysis,the design principles and main planning points of building vernacular landscape are put forward,and some strategies for the construction and protection of vernacular landscape in the planning of garden landscape in different regions are proposed.

Analyzing the Urban Hierarchical Structure Based on Multiple Indicators of Economy and Industry: An Econometric Study in China

For a city,analyzing its advantages,disadvantages and the level of economic development in a country is important,especially for the cities in China developing at flying speed.The corresponding literatures for the cities in China have not considered the indicators of economy and industry in detail.In this paper,based on multiple indicators of economy and industry,the urban hierarchical structure of 285 cities above the prefecture level in China is investigated.The indicators from the economy,industry,infrastructure,medical care,population,education,culture,and employment levels are selected to establish a new indicator system for analyzing urban hierarchical structure.The factor analysis method is used to investigate the relationship between the variables of selected indicators and obtain the score of each common factor and comprehensive scores and rankings for 285 cities above the prefecture level in China.According to the comprehensive scores,285 cities above the prefecture level are clustered into 15 levels by using K-means clustering algorithm.Then,the hierarchical structure system of the cities above the prefecture level in China is obtained and corresponding policy implications are proposed.The results and implications can not only be applied to the urban planning and development in China but also offer a reference on other developing countries.The methodologies used in this paper can also be applied to study the urban hierarchical structure in other countries.

GIS Application in Urban Flood Risk Analysis: Midar as a Case Study

The significance of this study lies in its exploration of the advanced applications of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in assessing urban flood risks, with a specific focus on Midar, Morocco. This research is pivotal as it showcases that GIS technology is not just a tool for mapping, but a critical component in urban planning and emergency management strategies. By meticulously identifying and mapping flood-prone areas in Midar, the study provides invaluable insights into the potential vulnerabilities of urban landscapes to flooding. Moreover, this research demonstrates the practical utility of GIS in mitigating material losses, a significant concern in flood-prone urban areas. The proactive approach proposed in this study, centered around the use of GIS, aims to safeguard Midar’s population and infrastructure from the devastating impacts of floods. This approach serves as a model for other urban areas facing similar challenges, highlighting the indispensable role of GIS in disaster preparedness and response. Overall, the study underscores the transformative potential of GIS in enhancing urban resilience, making it a crucial tool in the fight against natural disasters like floods.

Spatial Planning in Ghana: Antecedents and the Role of Local Artisans

This paper explored the antecedents and the role of local artisans in Spatial Planning (SP) activities in Ghana. The paper was based on the results of an inspection of 5896 already built houses at Mepe in the Volta Region of Ghana. A mixed method research approach was used to gather the data through snowball non-probability sampling technique. It enabled the researchers to identify 100 local artisans. Survey questionnaires were used, which was followed by structured interviews with five (5) elders who lived in the town for over 65 years. The results showed that the early houses were built on community lands with mud and thatch clustered with narrow and unnamed alleys. Property owners heavily depended on local artisans for professional guidance, although some artisans were ill-trained and unaware of existing government SP regulations. The study was limited to artisans who practiced at the local community level. The findings showed that many local artisans were poorly trained, resulting in poor workmanship and non-compliance with local planning regulations. The paper recommends the integration of SP into the artisanal curricula at both local and national levels to improve their skills.

Study on the planning principles of urban forest

The urban forest is the main body for the urban forestry management. There are not unified rules and standards for the planning of the urban forest yet in China. This paper discusses the planning principles of the urban forest: the priority of the ecological function, the adaptation to local conditions, the optimization in the whole system, the mutual dependence of forest and city, the culture continuance and recreation satisfaction, sustainable development and operability, etc. This paper takes Changsha as an example to elaborate the planning principles of the urban forest. Firstly, Changsha urban forest ecosphere is composed of the eco-garden, the round-the-city forest belt, the ecological isolation belt, the green channel, the landscape of the rivers and streams, the forest park, the biodiversity reserve and the eco-forest in suburb area. It aims to make every kind of ecological essential factors organically merge into the complex city ecosystem to build an eco-city, to strengthen the connection of wide-open space with various habitats spots, to promote resident’s accessibility, to perfect landscape ecology, and to make full use of the ecological function of urban forest. When we construct the urban forest, we must optimize the comprehensive benefit and make the urban forest structure and the layout in the best condition in order to build the harmonious green city for both man and nature to realize the whole optimization of the city system by the complex functions of the urban forest in ecology, environmental protection, landscape, recreation, etc.

Comprehensive Assessment of Urbanization Coordination:A Case Study of Jiangxi Province, China

In order to make assessment on urbanization coordination, we developed a comprehensive model by integrating entropy weight method(EWM), coupling degree model(CDM), coupling coordination degree model(CCDM), multi-index grading method(MIGM) and Remote Sensing & Geographic Information System(RS & GIS) technology. Then we applied this integrated model to a case study in Jiangxi Province, China. Our study finds that: 1) EWM, CDM and CCDM can evaluate the temporal dynamic of urbanization. Urbanization process of Jiangxi Province can be divided into three periods, the stable development period(1990–2001), the accelerated development period(2002–2009) and the rapid development period(2010–2015). Coordinated development of urbanization in Jiangxi Province can be divided into two phases, an increasingly coordinated phase(1990–2003) and an increasingly incongruous phase(2003–2015). The state transition was due to low development rate of population urbanization. 2) RS & GIS technology is an effective tool for detecting urban growth. Urban construction land area of Jiangxi Province increased from 615.8 km^2 in 1990 to 2896.8 km^2 in2015, and the per capita urban construction land area(PCUCLA) reached 122.9 m^2, with the maximum value of 343 m^2 in Gongqingcheng City. 3) MIGM and RS & GIS technology can analyze spatial difference of urbanization. There is a significant spatial difference in socioeconomic development at county scale, with the maximum value six times the minimum value for both PCUCLA and per capita GDP in 2015. Population urbanization lag and excessive land use are the main reasons for uncoordinated urbanization. There were 15 counties with a lag in demographic urbanization and 33 counties where PCUCLA exceeded the national standard in 2015, among which 20 exceeded the national standard of PCUCLA by 50%(≥165 m^2). Since there are significant spatio-temporal differences in urbanization, it is necessary to carry out a comprehensive assessment to facilitate differential urbanization strategy making.

Optimization of train plan for urban rail transit in the multi-routing mode

The train plan of urban rail transit under multi-routing mode can be divided into three parts： train formation, train operation periods and corresponding train counts of each routing in each period. Based on the analysis of passen- ger＇s general travel expenses and operator＇s benefits, the constraints and objective functions are defined and the multiobjective optimization model for the train plan of urban rail transit is presented. Factors considered in the multi- objective optimization model include transport capacity, the requirements of traffic organization, corporation benefits, passenger demands, and passenger choice behavior under multi-train-routing mode. According to the characteristics of this model and practical planning experience, a three-phase solution was designed to gradually optimize the train formarion, train counts as well as operation periods. The instance of Changsha Metro Line 2 validates the feasibility and efficiency of this approach.

城市规划健康影响评估理论框架构建

健康影响评估为预测城市发展、城市规划方案和项目的健康效益提供框架,但在融入我国城市规划中仍面临内容体系不清、技术流程不明、模型体系未建立和工作方法缺失等问题。本文构建了城市规划健康影响评估理论框架,系统性地明确了面向城市规划的健康影响评估内容体系、技术流程、模型体系和工作方法。面向城市规划的健康影响评估可从“健康风险控制影响评估”“健康资源支撑保障评估”和“健康行为促进效益评估”3个方面开展;主要技术流程包括参照对象确定、评估范围界定、评估框架构建、评估方法选取和评估开展5个步骤;模型体系由核心模型、相关模型和外围模型构成;最后,规划编制团队与健康影响评估团队可协作推进健康影响评估“全过程”融入规划。本文可为面向城市规划开展健康影响评估提供基本的理论、方法和机制指导。

基于云模型的城市轨道交通应急预案评价

城市轨道交通应急预案是应急机构和人员处理运营突发事件的指南,在应急管理中发挥着极其重要的作用,评价其优劣具有重要意义.为了解决在评价过程中存在评价指标主观性过强及评价结果难以量化等问题,引入CRITIC法和云模型理论,提出了二者耦合的城市轨道交通应急预案评价方法.根据实际情况建立了城市轨道交通应急预案评价指标体系,采用CRITIC法确定了各指标的权重,运用云模型的基本算法生成评价云和结果云,通过云的数字特征和云图比较直观地展现评价结果,得到待评价预案的评价等级.以某城市轨道交通应急预案为例,验证了评价方法的合理性与有效性,为应急预案的评价提供了新的理论依据.

城市群规划实施效果评估研究——以长株潭城市群为例

长株潭城市群经济发展对于湖南省以及中国中西部地区的发展至关重要,且该城市群规划实施的效果对其他城市群有重要借鉴意义。基于此,文章根据2000-2017年地级市面板数据,采用合成控制法,评估长株潭城市群规划实施后对城镇化和环境质量的影响。评估分析表明,长株潭城市群规划的实施推动了城市群城乡融合,在一定程度上促进了城镇化的进程,但对环境造成了一定的负面影响,其原因在于长株潭城市群内城市之间的非均衡发展。因此,城市群应着眼于制定合理规划,促进城市均衡发展,重点落实城乡融合和生态文明;各级政府应加强公共治理,强化监督和治理责任,以更好地实现城市群规划的既定目标。

基于多准则决策方法的避难场所选址模型研究

针对避难场所规划选址中的现实问题与需求,从方法易操作和可实施角度出发,构建了面向城市规划业务流程与工作实践的防灾避难场所选址模型。该模型基于多准则决策方法(MCDM),以避难场所选址的安全性和均好性为主要目标。模型综合考虑了人口密度、建筑质量、交通系统和避难场所设施配置四项选址影响因素,并采用AHP-熵权法确定影响要素权重。以江阴市为实证案例,套用模型经过两轮评估及编码者测试,最终明确了备选避难场所资源的优先建设排序,验证了模型的可行性与实用性。研究提出的影响要素和量化指标易于取得,打分方法便于操作,适用于城市规划阶段的避难场所规划选址与建设时序决策。

历史传统与现代化愿景:我国当代城市大道的空间原型与规划特征探讨

城市大道是现代城市的功能空间骨架和重要的纪念和展示空间。改革开放以来,在波澜壮阔的城镇化进程中,大道的规划建设成为我国各级城市追求跨越式发展和迈向现代化的重要标志。其建设动力不仅有城市交通发展和空间拓展的客观需求,而且伴随着城市管理者和城市规划工作者对空间秩序的执着追求,还隐含着某些城市文化心理方面的要素。从梳理中外规划历史的视角出发,试图探寻我国现代城市大道规划建设思想源头的空间原型。同时,以深圳深南大道为典型案例,探究其规划建设历程和代表性的空间特征。在此基础上,从空间尺度、功能价值、规划导向、文化意象,以及存量时代大道空间的精细化营造等方面,对我国大道规划建设的成就和经验、不足和问题、挑战和策略等进行讨论。

基于扎根理论及G1-CRITIC-距离函数判法-VIKOR的铁路建设项目安全管理标准化评价

为促进安全管理标准化管理模式顺利实施,铁路建设项目安全管理迈向高标准高水平,开展铁路建设项目安全管理标准化评价研究。首先,以标准化管理为理论基础,根据质性研究方法-扎根理论对数据进行编码处理,建立以制度管理标准化、人员配备标准化、物料管理标准化、环境管理标准化、现场作业标准化、过程控制标准化为6个核心范畴和32个主范畴的铁路建设项目安全管理标准化评价指标体系。其次,借助劳伦茨曲线的基尼系数改进CRITIC方法,提出“G1-CRITIC-距离函数判别法”模型,计算属性权重。最后,采用VIKOR算法对案例项目进行实证分析,基于安全管理标准化值U_(R)评估标准化管理水平。结果表明:各案例项目的安全管理标准化水平不同,U_(R)值具有显著差异,P_(1)~P_(5)各项目的U_R值分别为0.047 6、0.148 3、0.451 9、0.971 5、0.648(其中P_(4)属于“高水平”;P_(3)和P_(5)属于“中水平”;P_(1)和P_(2)属于“低水平”)。通过折衷系数扰动下的敏感性分析,综合考虑群体效用和个体妥协,对不同等级的建设项目(P_(1)~P_(5))分别进行讨论,并提出标准化建设的决策建议。研究结果与各案例项目实际安全管理标准化程度相符,为深入推进铁路建设项目标准化管理工作、促进建设项目各项安全管理行为规范运作和管理体系的持续改进提供参考依据。

超特大城市更新专项规划编制的“五维”技术体系研究——以北京为例

根据对超特大城市的更新现状分析,从市级城市更新专项规划编制视角总结了规划编制面临的挑战,即空间资源复杂性、更新诉求复杂性与制度设计复杂性。从空间维度、组织维度、方法维度、动力维度与实施维度5个维度阐述了城市更新专项规划编制的思维变革,并搭建了超特大城市更新专项规划的“五维”技术体系。同时,将该“五维”技术体系引入北京城市更新专项规划的编制实践,探讨了城市更新专项规划的工作目标与定位、技术框架与要点、部门协同与规划实施等的内在逻辑与技术体系方案,归纳总结了在资源评估、政策创新、更新方法与平台搭建等方面可借鉴、可推广的工作方法。