Removal of Methyl Violet from aqueous solutions using poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/attapulgite composite

The adsorption of Methyl Violet （MV） cationic dye from aqueous solution was carried out by using crosslinked poly （acrylic acid-coacrylamide）/attapulgite （Poly（AA-co-AM）/ATP） composite as adsorbent. The factors influencing adsorption capacity of the composite such as pH, concentration of the dye, temperature, contact time, adsorbent dosage, ionic strength and surfactant were systematically investigated. The equilibrium data fitted very well to the Langmuir isotherm and the maximum adsorption capacity reached 1194 mg/g at 30℃. The thermodynamic parameters including △G0, △H0 and △S0 for the adsorption processes of MV on the composite were also calculated, and the negative △H0 and △G0 confirmed that the adsorption process was exothermicand spontaneous. The kinetic studies showed that the adsorption process was consistent with the pseudo second-order kinetic model and the desorption studies revealed that the regeneration of the composite adsorbent can be easily achieved.

Modelling and Response Surface Optimisation of Methyl Violet Removal by a Mixture of Titaniferous Sand and Non-Activated Attapulgite

In recent years, the discharge of dye-laden effluents from the textile industries into the aquatic environment has increased considerably. These industries are among the largest consumers of water. They generate huge amounts of pollutants from their huge discharge of toxic effluents and pose serious public health problems. So, this study focuses on the use of the mixture of titaniferous sand and attapulgite for the removal of methyl violet by adsorption in discontinuous mode. The different adsorbents were characterized by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and their different physico-chemical properties such as pH, zero charge potential, bulk and absolute density, porosity and specific surface area were determined. The response surfaces, through the Box-Behnken model, were used to model and optimize the operating conditions. The different factors studied were the ratio of titaniferous sand and attapulgite, the initial concentration of methyl violet and the pH. These vary between 1.25 and 8, 20 and 100 mg/L, 4 and 10 respectively. The results obtained after statistical analysis of the data show that the optimum mixture ratio is 2, the optimum concentration is 99.92 mg/L and the optimum pH is 9.88 corresponding to a maximum capacity of 5.52 mg/g and a maximum removal efficiency of 99.56%. The study of the effects of the different factors showed that the initial concentration of methyl violet and the pH significantly influence the adsorption capacity and the removal efficiency of the dye.

Removal of Methyl Violet in Aqueous Solution on Activated Carbon Based on Saba senegalensis Shell Residues

Adsorption on activated carbon is one of the most widely used methods for the removal of dyes. The objective of this study is to valorize the shells of Saba senegalensis from local product in Senegal in the form of activated carbon and to test its effectiveness for the removal of methyl violet. The study was carried out in batch mode for a maximum duration of one hour with 100 mL of solution treated at 600 rpm. The results reveal that the granulometry 500 μm gives the best yield with an adsorption rate of 95%, a mass of adsorbent of 0.2 g gives an adsorption capacity of 20 mg/g, the contact time of one hour with a capacity of 5 mg/g. The study also showed that the adsorption process of methyl violet is described by the pseudo-second order kinetic model with correlation coefficient of 0.99. Two adsorption isotherms were studied, and the results revealed that the Freundlich model better describes the adsorption of methyl violet on Saba senegalensis shell residue-based activated carbon (SSSRAC). The results indicate that SSSRAC could be used as a low-cost alternative for the removal of textile dyes such as methyl violet.

Comparison of Hematoxylin-eosin Staining and Methyl Violet Staining for Displaying Ghost Cells

Purpose:.To compare the merits and limitations of hematoxylin-eosin(HE) and methyl violet staining for displaying ghost cells from vitreous or aqueous humor.Methods:.A specimen containing ghost cells was adjusted to five different concentrations:(12×104,.10×104,.8×104, 6×104and 4×104cells / ml) and subjected to smearing and methyl violet and HE staining..The staining results were observed by light microscopy.Results: The ghost cells were readily observed at a cell density of > 8×104cells / ml with methyl violet staining,.but only a few cells were occasionally seen at lower cell densities..In contrast,.ghost cells were seen at all cell densities with HE staining.Conclusion: Methyl violet staining is more rapid and simpler for the identification of ghost cells, but its staining color more readily fades, the slides cannot be stored, and it is only effective at a cell density of > 8 ×104cells / ml. In contrast,.HE staining is more time-consuming but it can display cell morphology and distinguish cell components more explicitly and slides can be permanently stored. HE staining has advantages over methyl violet staining in detecting the ghost cells when the concentration is < 8×104cells / ml.

Ammonium sulfide-assisted hydrothermal activation of palygorskite for enhanced adsorption of methyl violet

Herein,palygorskite（PAL）was activated via a simple hydrothermal process in the presence of ammonium sulfide,and the effects of activation on the microstructure,physico-chemical feature and adsorption behaviors of PAL were intensively investigated.The hydrothermal process evidently improved the dispersion of PAL crystal bundles,increased surface negative charges and built more active –Si–O-groups served as the new＂adsorption sites＂.The adsorption property of the activated PAL for Methyl Violet（MV）was systematically investigated by optimizing the adsorption variables,including p H,ionic strength,contact time and initial MV concentration.The activated PAL exhibited a superior adsorption capability to the raw PAL for the removal of MV（from 156.05 to 218.11 mg/g）.The kinetics for MV adsorption followed pseudo second-order kinetic models,while the isotherm and thermodynamics results showed that the adsorption pattern well followed the Langmuir model.The structure analysis of PAL before and after adsorption demonstrated that electrostatic interaction and chemical association of –X–O-are the prominent driving forces for the adsorption process.

腐植酸钠改性坡缕石对甲基紫吸附性能的研究

坡缕石(又名凹凸棒石,简写PAL)是一种天然的2:1型的层链状含水富镁、铝硅酸盐黏土矿物,由于其独特的一维棒状晶体形貌和纳米孔道结构,已广泛应用在吸附领域。在水热条件下,将PAL添加到腐植酸钠溶液中,制备了PAL吸附剂。采用电子扫描电镜(FESEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、热重分析(TG)等表征手段系统研究了水热改性对PAL吸附剂微观结构和理化性能的影响,并评价了PAL吸附剂对甲基紫的吸附性能。考察了改性剂浓度、溶液pH、振荡时间对甲基紫吸附量的影响。结果表明,PAL材料可以完全去除100 mg/L染料溶液中的甲基紫,去除率达到98%以上,相比原天然PAL,去除率提高了51%。

配合饲料混合均匀度3种测定方法的比较分析

试验旨在对3种(甲基紫法、摩尔法、氯离子选择电极法)测定饲料混合均匀度的方法进行分析比较,为饲料企业选择测定方法提供参考。试验选用仔猪前期配合饲料、乳猪浓缩饲料、中猪配合饲料、肉鸡前期料、肉鸡中期料和肉鸡后期料6种饲料,每种饲料采集两个批次,共计120个样本,采用甲基紫法、摩尔法、氯离子选择电极法测定饲料的混合均匀度。结果显示:氯离子选择电极法测定的6种饲料混合均匀度变异系数(CV)均在国家标准允许范围10.00%以下,甲基紫法测定结果除中猪配合饲料以外,其余5种饲料均小于10.00%;摩尔法测定的3种猪饲料的混合均匀度均小于10.00%,3种鸡饲料混合均匀度均大于10.00%。用甲基紫法测定的中猪配合饲料的混合均匀度变异系数显著大于氯离子选择电极法(P<0.05);用摩尔法测定的肉鸡前期料和中期料混合均匀度的变异系数均显著大于甲基紫法和氯离子选择电极法(P<0.05);用摩尔法测定肉鸡后期料混合均匀度的变异系数显著大于甲基紫法和氯离子选择电极法(P<0.05),甲基紫法测定肉鸡后期料混合均匀度显著大于氯离子选择电极法(P<0.05)。研究表明,使用氯离子选择电极法测定6种饲料混合均匀度的效果较好。

甲基紫试验中改性双基推进剂的热分解机制研究

目的 研究甲基紫试验中含Al改性双基推进剂以及含RDX改性双基推进剂2种典型改性双基推进剂的热分解机理。方法 将这2种典型改性双基推进剂与普通双基推进剂进行对比试验,采用TG-DSC-FTIR-MS联用技术,通过对分解温度、放热量、分解产物等特征参数进行分析,明确3种推进剂的非等温热分解行为。采用微热量热法,在与甲基紫试验相同温度下对3种推进剂进行等温热分解行为研究。结果 含Al改性双基推进剂在程序升温条件下的热质量损失和热分解行为与普通双基推进剂的基本一致。含RDX改性双基推进剂中的NG较其他2种推进剂更易挥发,相应分解反应初期NG分解释放的NO_(2)较少,且在整个热分解反应历程中分2个阶段,含硝酸酯基团的NC/NG体系先分解,再引起硝铵炸药RDX的热分解。在等温条件下,3种推进剂在40 min对应的反应深度均不超过0.4%,5 h对应的反应深度均不超过3%。但在分解反应初期,含Al改性双基推进剂分解反应的速率更快。结论 对比不同推进剂甲基紫安定性试验结果,并不是甲基紫试纸完全变色时间越长的热安定越好,说明甲基紫安定性试验方法存在一定的局限性。采用分解反应深度作为量气和量热方法转换的纽带,有望采用微热量热作为甲基紫试验的替代技术实现安定性的定量评价。

硬脂酸钠修饰的纳米锡对染料废水的脱色

以SnCl_(2)为原料,KBH4为还原剂,硬脂酸钠为修饰剂,采用液相还原法制备纳米零价锡,并用于甲基紫脱色。结果表明:当甲基紫初始质量浓度为4 mg/L,溶液初始pH为6,采用修饰比为6∶1的纳米零价锡4 mg/L,在反应温度为80℃,转速为2000 r/min的条件下对甲基紫降解2 h,可获得97.16%的脱色率。

两个钴(Ⅱ)金属-有机框架的合成、结构和降解甲基紫染料研究

采用水热法合成并表征了两种新型金属-有机框架(MOF),[Co(BA)(BBP)0.5]n(1)和[Co(HTC)(BBB)n(2)](BBP=1,3-双(1-(吡啶-4-基甲基)-1H-苯并咪唑-2-基)丙烷,BBB=1,4-双(苯并咪唑-1基)-2-丁烯,H_(2)BA=4,4'-氧代双苯甲酸,H_(3)TC=1,3,5-苯三甲酸)。1为2D3,3,4)-连接的新奇层状结构,可通过π-π叠加作用进一步扩展为3D超分子网络。2展示了一个稀有的3D的3,5T21的网络结构。在紫外光照射下这两种MOFs对甲基紫降解具有较高的光催化活性。

等离子体降解水相中有机污染物的机理研究

研究了等离子体在内电极通氧条件下降解水相中甲基紫的机理 .研究表明 ,甲基紫的降解率与等离子体的电压和处理时间呈线性关系、与甲基紫溶液的浓度呈指数关系 ,溶液的pH随着处理时间的增加而下降 ;10 0mg L甲基紫经等离子体处理 3s ,其降解率可达 95 %以上 ,COD下降 5 0 %左右 ;在等离子体条件下 ,甲基紫溶液的降解是氧原子、电子、活性自由基和离子等共同的作用的结果 .

Fe_2O_3掺杂TiO_2薄膜对甲基紫溶液光催化降解

甲基紫是一种相当稳定的有机物 ,能被 Ti O2 光催化降解 .本文采用 sol-gel工艺在玻璃表面制得了均匀透明的 Ti O2 薄膜 ,研究了热处理温度、涂覆层数、掺杂 Fe2 O3 等制备工艺 ,以及溶液 p H值和助催化剂H2 O2 等因素对 Ti O2 薄膜的光催化性能和稳定性的影响 .结果表明 ,掺 Fe2 O3 的 Ti O2 薄膜对甲基紫的降解率明显优于未掺 Fe2 O3 的 Ti O2 薄膜 .

分光光度法测定Fenton反应产生的羟自由基

建立一种甲基紫作显色剂分光光度法测定Fenton反应产生的·OH的方法,所产生的羟自由基与甲基紫作用后使其吸光度降低,利用吸光度值的变化可间接测定所产生的羟自由基,确定了体系最佳实验条件.同时测定抗氧化剂清除羟自由基的实验,证明该体系可作为筛选抗氧化剂的方法之一.

DNTF-CMDB推进剂的化学安定性

采用甲基紫法和维也里法研究了DNTF含量、NC与NG的质量比、增塑剂和安定剂的种类及其含量对DNTF-CMDB推进剂化学安定性的影响。结果表明,随着DNTF含量的增加,推进剂的维也里变色时间缩短,甲基紫变色时间增加。NC与NG的质量比对推进剂的化学安定性影响较小。用三乙二醇二硝酸酯(TEGDN)替代增塑剂NG有利于增加推进剂的化学安定性。在N,N′-二甲基-N,N′-二苯脲(C2)、2-硝基二苯胺(2-NDPA)、N-甲基-4-硝基苯胺(MNA)3种安定剂中含C2推进剂的维也里变色时间最长,含MNA推进剂的甲基紫变色时间最长。

三元杂多酸-甲基紫超分子化合物的合成及光谱研究

在水溶液条件下合成了一系列具有Keggin结构的PWxV12 -x MV(x =2 ,4 ,6 ,8,10 )超分子化合物 (PWxV12 -x为具有不同配比的磷钨矾三元杂多酸 ,MV为甲基紫 ) ,并对其紫外光谱 ,红外光谱和荧光光谱进行了研究。结果表明 ,杂多酸阴离子上的端氧与甲基紫阳离子上的N+ 间通过配合作用相互连结而形成超分子化合物。超分子化合物中仍保持有杂多阴离子的Keggin结构以及甲基紫的基本结构。且随着V的含量增加 ,杂多阴离子的氧化能力增强 ,阴离子PWxV12 -x和阳离子MV的相互作用增强 ,νas(M =Ot) ,νas(M Ob M )和νas(M Oc M )的FTIR吸收峰分别从 96 6 ,886和 80 4cm-1变化至 95 5 ,875和 786cm-1;紫外吸收峰也从 5 19nm移至 5 0 6nm ;用 5 30nm的光激发的荧光发射峰也从 6 92移至 6 4 4nm ,与PWxV12 -x和MV间配合作用的强弱呈现了很好的对应关系。

用甲基紫催化褪色的新指示反应测定痕量钯

研究了痕量 Pd( )对次磷酸钠还原甲基紫的催化作用的最优化条件和动力学参数 ,建立了催化动力学光度法测定痕量钯的方法。在最大吸收波长 590 nm处分别测定催化体系和非催化体系的吸光度 A和 A0 ,以 ΔA=A0 - A定量 ,线性范围 4.0～ 2 8ng·ml-1,检出限 9.63× 1 0 -2 ng·ml-1,用于合金试样的测定 ,结果满意。

分光光度法测定痕量锰(Ⅱ)

碱性条件下，锰（Ⅱ）与甲基紫、溴化钾反应形成紫色缔合物，吸收峰位于580nm,表观摩尔吸光系数 穖ol-1穋m-1，锰浓度在20～160靏/L范围内遵守比耳定律。本法操作简便，灵敏度高，用于试样中痕量锰的测定，结果令人满意。

以苄基三乙基氯化铵为增敏剂镍-溴酸钾-甲基紫体系阻抑动力学光度法测定痕量镍

在pH10.0氨水-氯化铵缓冲溶液中,镍（Ⅱ）对溴酸钾氧化甲基紫的褪色反应具有抑制性作用,阳离子表面活性剂苄基三乙基氯化铵对此体系有强烈增敏作用,据此建立了阻抑动力学光度法测定痕量镍（Ⅱ）的新方法。本法测定Ni的线性范围为0～100μg/L,检测限为8.4×10^-7g/L。该阻抑反应对甲基紫为零级反应,对溴酸钾和镍为一级反应;阻抑活化能为116.14 kJ/mol,非阻抑活化学能为78.14 kJ/mol。大部分共存离子对测定没有干扰,Cd^2＋,Cu^2＋,Co^2＋对测定有严重干扰,可预先用N530煤油萃取分离除去。方法用于铝合金和环境水样中痕量镍的测定,结果良好。

外加气体对等离子体降解水相中有机污染物的影响研究

研究了等离子体在内电极通氧气、氮气、空气和氦气条件下降解甲基紫的机理。研究表明,在该等离子体发生器结构下,等离子体能降解甲基紫,且在不同气体气氛下的降解产物不同,在氧气氛围下为含—CO和—OH物质及直链烯烃,而氮气氛围下是含—N、—NH和—OH的芳香类物质及小分子烃类物质。研究同时表明,等离子体降解水相中有机物时应在氧气介质中进行,如用空气则有可能会造成水体中NO-3过高。

基于亚硝化反应的极谱法测定亚硝酸根的研究

提出了一种基于在酸性介质中甲基紫与亚硝酸根发生亚硝化反应，极谱法测定亚硝酸根的新体系。亚硝化产物在－０．７５Ｖ（ｖｓ．ＳＣＥ）处２．５次微分波的波高与ＮＯ２－的质量浓度在２．０×１０－３～２．０×１０－２ｍｇ／Ｌ（Ｓ＝４μＡ），４．０×１０－３～１．６×１０－１ｍｇ／Ｌ（Ｓ＝０．０２ｍＡ）范围内成直线关系。该法重复性好，且大多数常见的阴、阳离子不干扰，用于污水中痕量ＮＯ２－的测定，结果满意。