Destruction of methylphosphonic acid in a supercritical water oxidation bench-scale double wall reactor

The destruction of methylphosphonic acid （MPA）, a final product by hydrolysis/neutralization of organophosphorus agents such as sarin and VX （O-ethyl S-[2-（diisopropylamino）ethyl] methylphosphonothionate）, was investigated in a a bench-scale, continuous concentric vertical double wall reactor under supercritical water oxidation condition. The experiments were conducted at a temperature range of 450–600°C and a fixed pressure of 25 MPa. Hydrogen peroxide was used as an oxidant. The destruction efficiency （DE） was monitored by analyzing total organic carbon （TOC） and MPA concentrations using ion chromatography on the liquid effluent samples. The results showed that the DE of MPA up to 99.999% was achieved at a reaction temperature of 600°C, oxygen concentration of 113% storichiometric requirement, and reactor residence time of 8 sec. On the basis of the data derived from experiments, a global kinetic rate equation for the DE of MPA and DE of TOC were developed by nonlinear regression analysis. The model predictions agreed well with the experimental data.

Small molecule inhibitor DDQ-treated hippocampal neuronal cells show improved neurite outgrowth and synaptic branching

The process of neurite outgrowth and branching is a crucial aspect of neuronal development and regeneration.Axons and dendrites,sometimes referred to as neurites,are extensions of a neuron's cellular body that are used to start networks.Here we explored the effects of diethyl(3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamino)(quinolin-4-yl)methylphosphonate(DDQ)on neurite developmental features in HT22 neuronal cells.In this work,we examined the protective effects of DDQ on neuronal processes and synaptic outgrowth in differentiated HT22cells expressing mutant Tau(mTau)cDNA.To investigate DDQ chara cteristics,cell viability,biochemical,molecular,western blotting,and immunocytochemistry were used.Neurite outgrowth is evaluated through the segmentation and measurement of neural processes.These neural processes can be seen and measured with a fluorescence microscope by manually tracing and measuring the length of the neurite growth.These neuronal processes can be observed and quantified with a fluorescent microscope by manually tracing and measuring the length of the neuronal HT22.DDQ-treated mTau-HT22 cells(HT22 cells transfected with cDNA mutant Tau)were seen to display increased levels of synaptophysin,MAP-2,andβ-tubulin.Additionally,we confirmed and noted reduced levels of both total and p-Tau,as well as elevated levels of microtubule-associated protein 2,β-tubulin,synaptophysin,vesicular acetylcholine transporter,and the mitochondrial biogenesis protein-pe roxisome prolife rator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α.In mTa u-expressed HT22 neurons,we observed DDQ enhanced the neurite characteristics and improved neurite development through increased synaptic outgrowth.Our findings conclude that mTa u-HT22(Alzheimer's disease)cells treated with DDQ have functional neurite developmental chara cteristics.The key finding is that,in mTa u-HT22 cells,DDQ preserves neuronal structure and may even enhance nerve development function with mTa u inhibition.

STEREOSELECTIVITY IN THE SYNTHESIS OF DIADENYLYL METHYLPHOSPHONATE

Stereoselectivity was found during the coupling reaction to form 2',5'-and 3', 5'-linked diadenylyl methylphosphonate.

Extraction-chromatographic Separation of Microamount of Indium(Ⅲ) with DMH(MP) Resin and Its Analytical Application

The optimum conditions for extraction-chromatography using di-(l-methylheptyl) methylphosphonate resin to separate indium(Ⅲ) from its coexisting metal ions were studied. A procedure for extraction- chromatographic separation and spectrophotometric determination of indium has been developed. This proce- dure gives more clear-cut separation and higher accuracy and reproducibility than ordinarily used separation by solvent extraction with butyl acetate. Besides, it can be used to separate and determine cadmium simultaneously.

Effect of an Environmental Contaminant, Diisopropyl Methylphosphonate, on the Blood Pressure of the Mallard

During a toxicological test using diisopropyl methylphosphonate (DIMP) on mallards, an anaesthesia-like response was noted after oral dosing. In order to further elucidate these effects, arterial blood pressures were determined both pre-and post-dosing on adit male and female mallards by cannulation of the left carotid artery. A significant decrease in systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure was noted after the oral administration of DIMP. There was no significant difference in response between males and females. During the first 30 min after dosing, systolic pressure fell from an average of 158 mmHg, to 94 mmHg, diastolic decreased from 127 mmHg to 63 mmHg, and mean blood pressure dropped from 138 mmHg to 75 mmHg. However, there was no significant effect on pulse pressure, heart rate, or respiratory rate. These results are compared to physiological data cited in the literature for various CNS-acting drugs on mallards.

Climate tipping-point potential and paradoxical production of methane in a changing ocean

The global warming potential of methane(CH_4) is about 30 times stronger than that of carbon dioxide(CO2) over a century timescale. Methane emission is hypothesized to have contributed to global climate change events and mass extinctions during Earth's history. Therefore, the study of CH_4 production processes is critically important to the understanding of global climate change. It has been a dogma that biogenic CH_4 detectable in the oceans originates exclusively from the anaerobic metabolic activity of methanogenic archaea in hypoxic and anoxic environments, despite reports that many oxic surface and near-surface waters of the world's oceans are CH_4-supersaturated, thereby rendering net sea-to-air emissions of CH_4. The phenomenon of CH_4 production in oxic marine waters is referred to as the "ocean methane paradox". Although still not totally resolved, recent studies have generated several hypotheses regarding the sources of CH_4 production in oxic seawater. This review will summarize our current understanding of the importance of CH_4 in the global climate and analyze the biological processes and their underpinning mechanisms that lead to the production of CH_4 in oxic seawater environments. We will also tentatively explore the relationships of these microbial metabolic processes with global changes in climate and environment.