The genetic diversity of the 34 populations of wild rice Oryza meyeriana Baill. distributed in Yunnan Province, China was analyzed using 13 inter-simple sequence repeat （ISSR） markers. A total of 168 bands were ampl...The genetic diversity of the 34 populations of wild rice Oryza meyeriana Baill. distributed in Yunnan Province, China was analyzed using 13 inter-simple sequence repeat （ISSR） markers. A total of 168 bands were amplified, of which 135 polymorphic bands were discovered and the percentage of polymorphic bands （PPB） was 80.36%. A genetic diversity was revealed as Nei＇s gene diversity （H） = 0.2666 and Shannon information index （I） = 0.4028 at population level. The 34 populations were divided into different groups based on administrative regions, latitude and longitudes, river areas, altitudes of their origins, and their indexes such as Na （number of alleles）, Ne （effective number of alleles）, H, I and PPB were calculated. Richer genetic diversity was found in the wild rice populations distributed in Simao Prefecture than that in Lingcang Prefecture or Xishuangbanna Prefecture whereas the least genetic diversity was in Baoshan Prefecture or Dehong Prefecture. Rich genetic diversity was also discovered in the wild rice populations originated from higher than 710 m altitude around the middle and lower reaches of the Lancang River belonging to the Pacific Ocean drainage system. The 34 populations could be classified into two groups, one group covered the wild rice distributing in Simao Prefecture only while the other group covered ones in Lingcang, Xishuangbanna and Dehong Prefectures. The issue on how to effectively conserve the wild rice germplasm was discussed.展开更多
Novel bacterial blight (BB) resistance gene(s) for rice was (were) introduced into a cultivated japonica rice variety Oryza sativa (cv. 8411), via somatic hybridization using the wild rice Oryza meyeriana as the donor...Novel bacterial blight (BB) resistance gene(s) for rice was (were) introduced into a cultivated japonica rice variety Oryza sativa (cv. 8411), via somatic hybridization using the wild rice Oryza meyeriana as the donor of the resistance gene(s). Twenty-nine progenies of somatically hybridized plants were obtained. Seven somatically hybridized plants and their parents were used for AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) analysis using 8 primer pairs. Results confirmed that these plants were somatic hybrids containing the characteristic bands of both parents. The morphology of the regenerated rice showed characters of both O.sativa and O.meyeriana. Two somatic hybrids showed highest BB resistance and the other 8 plants showed moderate resistance. The new germplasms with highest resistance have been used in the rice breeding program for the improvement of bacterial blight resistance.展开更多
Fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH） and comparative genomic hybridization （CGH） were applied to somatic chromosomes preparations of Oryza sativa, O. officinalis, and O. meyeriana with labeled probes of Cot-1...Fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH） and comparative genomic hybridization （CGH） were applied to somatic chromosomes preparations of Oryza sativa, O. officinalis, and O. meyeriana with labeled probes of Cot-1 DNA and genomic DNA＇from the cultivated rice. The coverage percentage （%） and size （Mb） of Cot-1 DNA in O. sativa, O. officinalis, and O. meyeriana were 47.1 ±0.16, 38.61 ±0.13, 44.38＋_0.13, and 212.33 ± 1.21,269.42 ± 0.89, 532.56± 1.68 Mb, respectively. The coverage percentage and size of genomic DNA from O. sativa in O. officinalis and O. meyeriana were 91.0, 93.6% and 634, 1 123 Mb, respectively, in which 365 and 591 Mb in O. officinalis and O. meyeriana were from O. sativa genomic DNA, but not from repetitive sequences of O. sativa, and the uncoverage genome size in O. officinalis and O. meyeriana were 64 and 78 Mb, respectively. In addition, karyotype analysis was conducted based on the signal bands of Cot-1 DNA in O. sativa, O. officinalis, and O. meyeriana. The results showed that highly and moderately repetitive sequences in Oryza genus were conserved as the functional genes during evolution. The repetitive sequences reduplication may be one of the important causes of the genome enlargement of O. officinalis and O. meyeriana, and O. officinalis genome enlarged more slowly when compared with O. meyeriana. Based on the above results, it is concluded that O. officinalis and O. meyeriana were formed by reduplication, rearrangement, and gene selective loss during the evolution process.展开更多
In order to reveal transpiration rates of wetland plants and its relationships to micro-meterological factors in a mountain valley wetland, relative humidity, air temperature, leaf temperature, soil temperature, photo...In order to reveal transpiration rates of wetland plants and its relationships to micro-meterological factors in a mountain valley wetland, relative humidity, air temperature, leaf temperature, soil temperature, photo flux density and transpiration rates were measured once two hours in a Carex meyeriana wetland of the Changbai Mountain valley in dry (July) and wet (September) of 2003, respectively. Results showed that the tendency of "decreasing after increasing" was obvious in wet season. However, a relatively stable trend was observed for the transpiration in dry season.. Generally, the photon flux density of Carex meyeriana was higher in wet season than that in dry season. However, the variabilities of leaf temperature, air temperature and relative humidity were similar in both seasons. Higher transpiration rates of Carex meyeriana leaves were observed in July (varied from 40 to 150 mol·m-2·s-1) compared to those (varied from 7 to 14 mol·m-2·s-1) in September. Transpiration rates were significantly correlated with air temperature (P<0.01), leaf temperature (P<0.01), and wind speed (P<0.05), but correlationship between relative humidity and photo flux density was not significant (P<0.05).展开更多
中国“疣粒野稻”的小穗近等长于颗粒野稻,而短于疣粒野稻。内外稃(谷壳)表面电镜扫描形态是:中国“疣粒野稻”的山形瘤状突起分布较密,与颗粒野稻近似,但疣粒野稻则分布较疏。中国“疣粒野稻“的钩毛多为弯锥形:钩毛周围的硅质突起为...中国“疣粒野稻”的小穗近等长于颗粒野稻,而短于疣粒野稻。内外稃(谷壳)表面电镜扫描形态是:中国“疣粒野稻”的山形瘤状突起分布较密,与颗粒野稻近似,但疣粒野稻则分布较疏。中国“疣粒野稻“的钩毛多为弯锥形:钩毛周围的硅质突起为乳头状,顶端圆而光滑。疣粒野稻和颗粒野稻的钩毛为雀嘴形;钩毛周围的硅质突起为火山顶状,顶端具星状冠。以上述形态为主要依据,中国“疣粒野稻”与颗粒野稻和疣粒野稻均有明显区别;在地理分布方面也与上二亚种不同。所以,现将中国“疣粒野稻”另立一新亚种,为瘤粒野稻Oruza meyeriana (Zoll. et Mor.)Baill. subsp. tuberculata W. C. Wu et Y. G. Lu, G. C.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.30460065)Yunnan Provincial Foundation for Science.
文摘The genetic diversity of the 34 populations of wild rice Oryza meyeriana Baill. distributed in Yunnan Province, China was analyzed using 13 inter-simple sequence repeat （ISSR） markers. A total of 168 bands were amplified, of which 135 polymorphic bands were discovered and the percentage of polymorphic bands （PPB） was 80.36%. A genetic diversity was revealed as Nei＇s gene diversity （H） = 0.2666 and Shannon information index （I） = 0.4028 at population level. The 34 populations were divided into different groups based on administrative regions, latitude and longitudes, river areas, altitudes of their origins, and their indexes such as Na （number of alleles）, Ne （effective number of alleles）, H, I and PPB were calculated. Richer genetic diversity was found in the wild rice populations distributed in Simao Prefecture than that in Lingcang Prefecture or Xishuangbanna Prefecture whereas the least genetic diversity was in Baoshan Prefecture or Dehong Prefecture. Rich genetic diversity was also discovered in the wild rice populations originated from higher than 710 m altitude around the middle and lower reaches of the Lancang River belonging to the Pacific Ocean drainage system. The 34 populations could be classified into two groups, one group covered the wild rice distributing in Simao Prefecture only while the other group covered ones in Lingcang, Xishuangbanna and Dehong Prefectures. The issue on how to effectively conserve the wild rice germplasm was discussed.
文摘Novel bacterial blight (BB) resistance gene(s) for rice was (were) introduced into a cultivated japonica rice variety Oryza sativa (cv. 8411), via somatic hybridization using the wild rice Oryza meyeriana as the donor of the resistance gene(s). Twenty-nine progenies of somatically hybridized plants were obtained. Seven somatically hybridized plants and their parents were used for AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) analysis using 8 primer pairs. Results confirmed that these plants were somatic hybrids containing the characteristic bands of both parents. The morphology of the regenerated rice showed characters of both O.sativa and O.meyeriana. Two somatic hybrids showed highest BB resistance and the other 8 plants showed moderate resistance. The new germplasms with highest resistance have been used in the rice breeding program for the improvement of bacterial blight resistance.
基金This work was supported by the National High Tech R ＆ D Program of China （863 Program, 2004AA227120） the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned 0verseas Chinese Scholars, Ministry of Education of China （BZY04003）+1 种基金 China Postdoctoral Science Foundation （20040350574）the Project of Science and Technology for Youth, Wuhan, China （2004500607135）.
文摘Fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH） and comparative genomic hybridization （CGH） were applied to somatic chromosomes preparations of Oryza sativa, O. officinalis, and O. meyeriana with labeled probes of Cot-1 DNA and genomic DNA＇from the cultivated rice. The coverage percentage （%） and size （Mb） of Cot-1 DNA in O. sativa, O. officinalis, and O. meyeriana were 47.1 ±0.16, 38.61 ±0.13, 44.38＋_0.13, and 212.33 ± 1.21,269.42 ± 0.89, 532.56± 1.68 Mb, respectively. The coverage percentage and size of genomic DNA from O. sativa in O. officinalis and O. meyeriana were 91.0, 93.6% and 634, 1 123 Mb, respectively, in which 365 and 591 Mb in O. officinalis and O. meyeriana were from O. sativa genomic DNA, but not from repetitive sequences of O. sativa, and the uncoverage genome size in O. officinalis and O. meyeriana were 64 and 78 Mb, respectively. In addition, karyotype analysis was conducted based on the signal bands of Cot-1 DNA in O. sativa, O. officinalis, and O. meyeriana. The results showed that highly and moderately repetitive sequences in Oryza genus were conserved as the functional genes during evolution. The repetitive sequences reduplication may be one of the important causes of the genome enlargement of O. officinalis and O. meyeriana, and O. officinalis genome enlarged more slowly when compared with O. meyeriana. Based on the above results, it is concluded that O. officinalis and O. meyeriana were formed by reduplication, rearrangement, and gene selective loss during the evolution process.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No.2006CB403301)the National Natural Science Foundation Project (4)the Emphasis Project Fund of National Eleventh Five-Year Scientific and Technical Support Plans (No.2006BAB04A08)
文摘In order to reveal transpiration rates of wetland plants and its relationships to micro-meterological factors in a mountain valley wetland, relative humidity, air temperature, leaf temperature, soil temperature, photo flux density and transpiration rates were measured once two hours in a Carex meyeriana wetland of the Changbai Mountain valley in dry (July) and wet (September) of 2003, respectively. Results showed that the tendency of "decreasing after increasing" was obvious in wet season. However, a relatively stable trend was observed for the transpiration in dry season.. Generally, the photon flux density of Carex meyeriana was higher in wet season than that in dry season. However, the variabilities of leaf temperature, air temperature and relative humidity were similar in both seasons. Higher transpiration rates of Carex meyeriana leaves were observed in July (varied from 40 to 150 mol·m-2·s-1) compared to those (varied from 7 to 14 mol·m-2·s-1) in September. Transpiration rates were significantly correlated with air temperature (P<0.01), leaf temperature (P<0.01), and wind speed (P<0.05), but correlationship between relative humidity and photo flux density was not significant (P<0.05).
文摘中国“疣粒野稻”的小穗近等长于颗粒野稻,而短于疣粒野稻。内外稃(谷壳)表面电镜扫描形态是:中国“疣粒野稻”的山形瘤状突起分布较密,与颗粒野稻近似,但疣粒野稻则分布较疏。中国“疣粒野稻“的钩毛多为弯锥形:钩毛周围的硅质突起为乳头状,顶端圆而光滑。疣粒野稻和颗粒野稻的钩毛为雀嘴形;钩毛周围的硅质突起为火山顶状,顶端具星状冠。以上述形态为主要依据,中国“疣粒野稻”与颗粒野稻和疣粒野稻均有明显区别;在地理分布方面也与上二亚种不同。所以,现将中国“疣粒野稻”另立一新亚种,为瘤粒野稻Oruza meyeriana (Zoll. et Mor.)Baill. subsp. tuberculata W. C. Wu et Y. G. Lu, G. C.
