早期肺癌Ultra-HRCT征象与miRNA标志物的相关性

目的探讨肺癌早期Ultra-HRCT影像特征和miRNA标志物异常表达之间的相关性。方法选取50例早期肺癌患者为对象,进行Ultra-HRCT扫描及血液痰液中miRNA标志物的检测,并与病理学诊断结果比较。运用SPSS 17.0统计软件比较Ultra-HRCT影像特征和miRNA标志物的相关性。结果早期肺癌患者与正常人血液和痰液中miR-21、miR-22、miR-200b、miR-141差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),可作为肺癌早期miRNA的标志物。Ultra-HRCT及miRNA标志物诊断早期肺癌的检出率与病理学诊断相比差异未见统计学意义(P>0.05)。早期肺癌miRNA标志物异常表达情况与早期肺癌Ultra-HRCT征象具有相关性,并获得高特异性、高敏感度的miRNA检测组合。结论 Ultra-HRCT和miRNA标志物在诊断早期肺癌方面具有较高的应用价值,临床上值得推广使用。肺癌早期Ultra-HRCT影像特征和miRNA标志物异常表达之间具备相关性,可以为肺癌早期的诊断提供可靠的参考。

子宫内膜异位症与其肿瘤标志物相关性的研究进展

子宫内膜异位症是妇科比较常见的一种疾病。其发生机制目前尚不清楚。虽然是良性病变,但其有类似恶性肿瘤的生物学行为。其40%以上的高复发率和造成的盆腔不同程度的粘连对女性健康的危害很大,尤其对有生育要求的育龄妇女。腹腔镜下所见子宫内膜异位症的病灶并活检是子宫内膜异位症诊断的金标准,为了手术治疗前对病情做充分的估计,结合影像学做好充足的术前准备以及履行好对患者的病情告知。妇科医师们都在寻找简单、有效子宫内膜异位症血清学的辅助诊断方法和病情变化的监测指标。故就子宫内膜异位症的血清学肿瘤标志物如:CA125和CA199、血清miRNA、细胞因子、DNA甲基化、血管内皮生长因子、炎性因子等进行综述。

Potentially predictive microRNAs of gastric cancer with metastasis to lymph node

AIM:To detect the expression of 60 microRNAs(miRNAs)in gastric cancer tissues and find new predictive biomarkers of gastric cancer with metastasis.METHODS:The expressions of 60 candidate miRNAs in 30 gastric cancer tissues and paired normal tissues were detected by stem-loop real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.After primary screening of miRNAs expression,5 selected miRNAs were further testified in another 22 paired gastric tissues.Based on the expression level of miRNAs and the status of metastasis to lymph node(LN),receiver-operating-characteristic(ROC)curve were used to evaluate their ability in predicting the status of metastasis to LN.RESULTS:Thirty-eight miRNAs expressions in gastric cancer tissues were significantly different from those in paired normal tissues(P<0.01).Among them,31miRNAs were found to be up-expressed in cancer tissues and 1 miRNAs were down-expressed≥1.5 fold vs paired normal gastric tissue.Five microRNAs(miR-125a-3p,miR-133b,miR-143,miR-195 and miR-212)were differently expressed between different metastatic groups in 30 gastric cancer biopsies(P<0.05).Partial correlation analysis showed that hsa-mir-212 and hsa-mir-195 were correlated with the status of metastasis to LN in spite of age,gender,tumor location,tumor size,depth of invasion and cell differentiation.ROC analysis indicated that miR-212 and miR-195 have better sensi-tivities(84.6%and 69.2%,respectively)and specifici-ties(both 100%)in distinguishing biopsies with metastasis to LN from biopsies without metastasis to LN.CONCLUSION:miR-212 and miR-195 could be independent biomarkers in predicting the gastric cancer with metastasis to LN.

Expression of 6 MicroRNAs in Prostate Cancer and Its Significance

OBJECTIVE Numerous microRNAs (miRNAs) are deregulatedin human cancers. The experimental evidence supports thatmiRNAs plays a role in the initiation and progression of humanmalignancies.The present study was undertaken to evaluatethe differential expression of 6 miRNAs as biomarker for earlydetection of prostate cancer, and then to determine whether theexpression profiling of these miRNAs could predict the prognosisof prostate cancer.METHODS The expression profilings of these 6 miRNAs wereinvestigated using the method of locked nucleic acid (LNA)-modified oligonucleotide in situ hybridization (ISH). And thetechnology of tissue microarray (TMA) was employed using theformalin-fixed, paraffin-embedd (FFPE) specimens taken from52 patients with prostate carcinoma (PCa) and 38 patients withbenign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).RESULTS The rates of positive expression for 6 miRNAs (miR-15b, miR-16, let-7g, miR- 96,miR-182 and miR-183) were 26.92%,15.38%, 15.38%, 67.31%, 61.54% and 71.15% in the specimens ofprostate cancer, and 57.89%, 76.32%, 68.42%, 44.74%, 31.58%,47.37% in the tissues of benign prostatic hyperplasia, respectively.The expressions of all 6 miRNAs between the prostate cancer andbenign prostatic hyperplasia tissues were significantly different(P < 0.05). The positive rate of these 6 miRNAs was significantlyrelated to the Gleason Grading of prostate cancer (P < 0.01). Therewas no significant correlation between the expression of thesemiRNAs and age and the concentration of serum PSA of thepatient (P >0.05). We also found that the expression of miR-15b,miR-96 and miR-182 correlated with clinical stages of tumor (P <0.05). The expression of miR-96 correlated with lobus prostatae oftumor invasion (P < 0.01), but the expressions of the remaining fivemiRNAs were not correlated with that (P >0.05). In addition, theexpression of miR-15b was negatively related to that of miR-96,miR-182 and miR-183, respectively (P < 0.01, r < 0.00).There wasa positive correlation among the expressions of miR-96, miR-182and miR-183 in prostate cancer (P < 0.01, r >0.00). The expressionof miR-16 was positively related to that of miR-let-7g (P < 0.01, r >0.00).CONCLUSION The results suggest that miRNA expressionprofiling could have relevance to the biological and clinicalbehavior of prostate cancer,and they might be importantbiomarkers for early detection and prognostic assessment ofprostate cancer.

The progression of microRNA in human colorectal cancer

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a class of small non-coding RNAs that function as posttranscriptional gene regulators. The dysregulation of miRNAs has been linked to a series of diseases, including various types of cancer. Since their discovery in the miRNAs of cancer patients, there has been a steady increase in the study of miRNAs as stable, noninvasive biomarkers. Although several challenges remain to be concerned, miRNAs could be useful, non-invasive biomarkers for colorectal cancer diagnostics and prognosis. In this review, we summarized the discovery of miRNAs and their potential as biomarkers. We discussed their possible structural, function and further emphasized the significance of miRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC).

microRNAs regulation and its role as biomarkers in diseases

MicroRNAs （miRNAs）, approximately 21 to 23 nucleotides （nt） in length, belong to a set of smal non-coding RNA molecules that were not thought to be functional until the recent decades. miRNAs play important roles in many diseases such as various kinds of cancers and immune disorders. Many studies have focused on the relationship between miRNAs and diseases. miRNAs are significant mediators in human growth and development and in the genesis and development of diseases. Almost 30% of the activity of protein-coding genes is forecasted to be regulated by miRNAs in mammals, and some miRNAs are regarded as potential therapeutic targets for various diseases. In this review, we outline some functions of miRNAs, especialy those related to diseases.

circRNA生物学特性及其在肿瘤中的研究进展

环状RNA(circRNA)是非编码肿瘤基因组的一种新成员,具有稳定性、保守性、普遍性和特异性,随着高通量测序技术的出现和生物信息学等的发展,发现circRNA在肿瘤组织中的表达有显著差异,可以通过多种机制在肿瘤细胞的增殖、侵袭和转移中起重要作用。circRNA在肿瘤中作为肿瘤抑制因子或肿瘤启动因子发挥作用,可作为治疗的靶点;也可以作为潜在的肿瘤诊断和预后生物标志物。本文综述了circRNA生物学特性和其与肿瘤的联系,并介绍了其在卵巢癌中仅有的少量的研究进展,探讨其在发展中面临的挑战和前景。