MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are important post-transcriptional regulators of their target genes in plants and animals, miRNAs are usually 20-24 nucleotides long. Despite their unusually small sizes, the evolutionary history ...MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are important post-transcriptional regulators of their target genes in plants and animals, miRNAs are usually 20-24 nucleotides long. Despite their unusually small sizes, the evolutionary history of miRNA gene families seems to be similar to their protein-codingcounterparts. In contrast to the small but abundant miRNA families in the animal genomes, plants have fewer but larger miRNA gene families. Members of plant miRNA gene families are often highly similar, suggesting recent expansion via tandem gene duplication and segmental duplication events. Although many miRNA genes are conserved across plant species, the same gene family varies significantly in size and genomic organization in different species, which may cause dosage effects and spatial and temporal differences in target gene regulations. In this review, we summarize the current progress in understanding the evolution of plant miRNA gene families.展开更多
Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)is currently the most malignant subtype of breast cancer without effective targeted therapies,which makes its pathogenesis an important target for research.A growing number of studie...Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)is currently the most malignant subtype of breast cancer without effective targeted therapies,which makes its pathogenesis an important target for research.A growing number of studies have shown that non-coding RNA(ncRNA),including microRNA(miRNA)and long non-coding RNA(lncRNA),plays a significant role in tumorigenesis.This review summarizes the roles of miRNA and lncRNA in the progression,diagnosis,and neoadjuvant chemotherapy of TNBC.Aberrantly expressed miRNA and lncRNA are listed according to their roles.Further,it describes the multiple mechanisms that lncRNA shows for regulating gene expression in the nucleus and cytoplasm,and more importantly,describes lnc RNA-regulated TNBC progression through complete combining with miRNA at the post-transcriptional level.Focusing on miRNA and lncRNA associated with TNBC can provide new insights for early diagnosis and treatment—they can be targeted in the future as a novel anticancer target of TNBC.展开更多
Skeletal muscle fitness plays vital roles in human health and disease and is determined by developmental as well as physiological inputs. These inputs control and coordinate muscle fiber programs, including capacity f...Skeletal muscle fitness plays vital roles in human health and disease and is determined by developmental as well as physiological inputs. These inputs control and coordinate muscle fiber programs, including capacity for fuel burning, mitochondrial ATP production, and contraction. Recent studies have demonstrated crucial roles for nuclear receptors and their co-activators, and micro RNAs(mi RNAs) in the regulation of skeletal muscle energy metabolism and fiber type determination. In this review, we present recent progress in the study of nuclear receptor signaling and mi RNA networks in muscle fiber type switching. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of nuclear receptors and mi RNAs in disease states that are associated with loss of muscle fitness.展开更多
文摘MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are important post-transcriptional regulators of their target genes in plants and animals, miRNAs are usually 20-24 nucleotides long. Despite their unusually small sizes, the evolutionary history of miRNA gene families seems to be similar to their protein-codingcounterparts. In contrast to the small but abundant miRNA families in the animal genomes, plants have fewer but larger miRNA gene families. Members of plant miRNA gene families are often highly similar, suggesting recent expansion via tandem gene duplication and segmental duplication events. Although many miRNA genes are conserved across plant species, the same gene family varies significantly in size and genomic organization in different species, which may cause dosage effects and spatial and temporal differences in target gene regulations. In this review, we summarize the current progress in understanding the evolution of plant miRNA gene families.
基金Project supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LY18C050006)the Key Research and Development Project of Zhejiang Province(No.2020C02039)。
文摘Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)is currently the most malignant subtype of breast cancer without effective targeted therapies,which makes its pathogenesis an important target for research.A growing number of studies have shown that non-coding RNA(ncRNA),including microRNA(miRNA)and long non-coding RNA(lncRNA),plays a significant role in tumorigenesis.This review summarizes the roles of miRNA and lncRNA in the progression,diagnosis,and neoadjuvant chemotherapy of TNBC.Aberrantly expressed miRNA and lncRNA are listed according to their roles.Further,it describes the multiple mechanisms that lncRNA shows for regulating gene expression in the nucleus and cytoplasm,and more importantly,describes lnc RNA-regulated TNBC progression through complete combining with miRNA at the post-transcriptional level.Focusing on miRNA and lncRNA associated with TNBC can provide new insights for early diagnosis and treatment—they can be targeted in the future as a novel anticancer target of TNBC.
基金supported by the Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University Start Fundthe Jiangsu Natural Science Foundation(BK20140600)
文摘Skeletal muscle fitness plays vital roles in human health and disease and is determined by developmental as well as physiological inputs. These inputs control and coordinate muscle fiber programs, including capacity for fuel burning, mitochondrial ATP production, and contraction. Recent studies have demonstrated crucial roles for nuclear receptors and their co-activators, and micro RNAs(mi RNAs) in the regulation of skeletal muscle energy metabolism and fiber type determination. In this review, we present recent progress in the study of nuclear receptor signaling and mi RNA networks in muscle fiber type switching. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of nuclear receptors and mi RNAs in disease states that are associated with loss of muscle fitness.
