Pseudo Peak Phenomena in Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography by Using Ionic Surfactant

The origin of pseudo peak was studied by means of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with cetyltrimethylaminium bromide as the pseudo stationary phase. It has been pointed that two peaks may appear for one component under certain conditions. Experiments showed that the relative areas of the two peaks of analyte depended on the time and the temperature of reaction between analyte and surfactant, and the concentration of surfactant in the sample solution. It means that the interaction between the analyte and the surfactant is a slow process, and a stable substance can be produced from the interaction. It is the substance and the analyte that may lead to the formation of two peaks. The fast interaction mechanism between the solute and the micellar should be queried from the experiment result.

Separation of Six Pyridoncarboylxic Acid Derivatives by Micellar and Microemulsion Electrokinetic Chromatography

Micellar and microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC & MEEKC) separation of six closely structural pyridoncarboylxic acid derivatives were studied and compared Both anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and cationic surfactant hexadecyl-trimethyl ammonium bromide: (CTAB) were used to form micellar and microemulsion as pseudostation phases, respectively. The effects of the separation conditions on retention time and selectivity were studied. Good resolutions were obtained in selected systems. indicating that there is markably different selectivity between SDS and CTAB systems.

Simultaneous determination of ten nucleosides and bases in Ganoderma by micellar electrokinetic chromatography

Ganoderma(lingzhi)is a famous herbal medicine and edible supplement in oriental countries for a long history.In this study,a simple micellar electrokinetic chromatography(MEKC)method was established for the analysis of nucleosides and bases,the major bioactive components in Ganoderma for the first time.By optimizing the borate concentration,the sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)concentration and the pH value of running buffer,10 nucleosides and bases achieved an ideal separation.In real sample analysis,the developed method was successfully used to determine the 10 target analytes in 23 batches of Ganoderma samples from different regions.Results indicated that contents of 10 investigated analytes in each sample showed obvious variation.The principal components analysis(PCA)and hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA)analysis classified the samples into three groups,and the HCA tree visualized the relationships which was mainly contributed by geographical partition.The results indicated geographical origin to be an important factor that affect the accumulation of nucleosides and bases in Ganoderma.In summary,this study provides a simple and practical strategy for quality assessment and cultivation reference of Ganoderma.

Separation of Aniline Derivatives by Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography

A micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC) was developed for the determination of aniline and 6 substituted anilines. The seven components were separated within 25 min in the buffer solution of 40 mmol/L sodium borate and 100 mmol/L SDS. It was found that the separation was dependent on operating voltage, pH value, borate and SDS concentrations. The analytical performance was examined in terms of linear response and reproducibility. Wastewater was determined by the established method.

Quantitative analysis of two analgesic formulations by micellar electrokinetic chromatography

A micellar electrokinetic chromatographic (MECC) method with sodium cholate as pseudostationary phase was proposed for the separation and quantitation of two analgesic formulations containing acetaminophen, dextro-methorphan hydrobromide, phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride, and chlorpheniramine maleate. The internal standard method was proved to be able to yield satisfactory results even with a modular CE instrument with RSD between 0.6 similar to 2.1%, and recoveries ranging from 98.1 similar to 99.9%.

Separation of Biphenyl Nitrile Compounds by Microemulsion Electrokinetic Chromatography with Mixed Surfactants

A mixture of nine biphenyl nitrile compounds with high hydrophobicity and similar structures was successfully separated by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (MEEKC) within 30 min. The buffer system contained 100 mmol/L sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 80 mmol/L sodium cholate (SC), 0.81% heptane, 7.5% n-butanol, 10% acetonitrile and 10 mmol/L borate. The addition of SC, organic modifiers, sample preparation and temperature all showed remarkable effect on the separation. Meanwhile, the MEEKC method was briefly compared with micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) method.

Optimized Separation of Nine Xanthones by Microemulsion Electrokinetic Chromatography

A microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography method has been firstly used for the separation of the therapeutically important xanthones from Securidaca inappendiculata. The separation of the nine xanthones was systematically optimized with respect to pH, composition of microemulsion, addition of cyclodextrins, applied voltage and column temperature. Baseline separation was successfully achieved for the nine xanthones, which was also compared with that by micellar electrokinetic chromatography.

固相萃取和样品堆积耦联MEKC富集分离BPA

采用固相萃取和改进的样品堆积方法,建立了固相萃取和样品堆积耦联胶束电动色谱富集检测分析方法。采用此方法进一步改善了胶束电动色谱对双酚A的浓度检出限,实现了约300倍的富集效果。在优化的实验条件下,BPA的质量浓度在0.005~0.08 mg/L范围内与色谱峰面积成良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9964,方法检出限为2μg/L。样品平均加标回收率为88%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为10%(n=6)。显示出固相萃取和样品堆积耦联MEKC方法不但可以起到对BPA进行富集的目的还可以实现对分析样品进行净化的作用。

Study of Tea Digitized Chromatographic Fingerprint Spectra Using Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography

This paper described the principle of digitized chromatographic fingerprint spectrum and established digitized chromatographic fingerprint spectra of ten brands of Chinese famous tea by the micellar electrokinetic chromatography. This work was done using a 25 mmol·L -1 sodium dodecylsulfate in a 20 mmol·L -1 borate (pH 7 0) solution as running buffer, 20 kV applied potential and detection at 280 nm. The chromatographic fingerprint spectra were digitized by the relative retention value ( α ) and the relative area ( S r), and were analyzed to identify the tea samples. In the absence of the standard samples, the present method was easy setup and inexpensive, and provided the applicable information for the quality assessment of teas.

MEKC在线推扫富集法检测蔬菜中残留甲基对硫磷

建立胶束电动色谱在线推扫富集法检测蔬菜中残留的痕量甲基对硫磷。讨论了十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)浓度、NaH2PO4浓度、缓冲液pH、有机溶剂添加量、样品中电解质浓度、运行电压、进样压力对富集效果的影响;考察了活性炭净化对回收率的影响。结果:选择20 mmol/L磷酸二氢钠+180 mmol/LSDS(pH=6.2),甲醇10%(体积分数)为缓冲液,电压7 kV,进样压力2 062.5KPa×s。1.8 g活性炭的加入对回收率没有明显的影响。甲基对硫磷在0.03 mg/L^2.5 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.999 6,检测限为0.011 5 mg/L。加标水平在0.4 mg/kg^0.6 mg/kg范围内,回收率为90.44%~90.63%,RSD为1.12%~1.16%。胶束电动色谱在线推扫富集法可用于蔬菜中残留痕量农药的检测。

MEKC在线推扫富集法检测蔬菜中残留福利多

建立胶束电动色谱在线推扫富集法检测蔬菜中残留的痕量福利多。讨论了十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)浓度、NaH2PO4浓度、缓冲液pH、有机溶剂添加量、样品中电解质浓度、运行电压、进样压力对富集效果的影响;考察了活性炭净化对回收率的影响。结果:选择20 mmol/L磷酸二氢钠+120 mmol/LSDS(pH=6.2),甲醇30%(体积比)为缓冲液,电压7kV,进样压力2406.25kPa×s。1.8g活性炭的加入对回收率没有明显的影响。福利多在0.06 mg/L^2 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.998 9,检测限为0.038 mg/L。加标水平在0.32 mg/kg^0.48 mg/kg范围内,回收率为90.30%~90.52%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.01%~1.44%(n=3)。胶束电动色谱在线推扫富集法可用于蔬菜中残留痕量农药的检测。

8种3,4-二氢嘧啶-2-酮衍生物的MEKC法分离

采用胶束电动毛细管色谱法(MEKC)分离8种3,4-二氢嘧啶-2-酮衍生物,研究了电泳缓冲液的pH值、组成及浓度和分离电压等对分离效果的影响。得到了优化的实验条件:缓冲溶液组成为10 mmol/LNa2HPO4-75 mmol/L十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)-5 mmol/L脱氧胆酸钠(SDC),pH=9.0,压力进样(3 447.4Pa)5 s,25℃,分离电压20 kV。8种分离物中其中6种分析物达到基线分离。

MEKC测定麻花艽中齐墩果酸和熊果酸含量

用胶束毛细管电泳法(MEKC)对麻花艽中齐墩果酸和熊果酸的含量进行测定。以70 mmol/L硼砂—35 mmol/L十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)—体积分数20%的乙腈(pH=9.85)为缓冲溶液,未涂渍标准熔融石英毛细管(有效长度为56cm,64.5cm×50μm)为分离通道,检测波长为210nm,分离电压为15kV,压力进样为5kPa×5s。结果显示2种活性成分的浓度与峰面积的线性关系良好(r>0.999 2),2种活性成分峰面积的RSD分别为3.21%、2.87%。该方法操作简单,精密度、重复性较好,可用于麻花艽的质量评价和控制。

Effect of organic modifiers on the capacity factor in micellar electrokinetic chromatography

Organic modifiers were effective both to extend the migration time window and to improve the separation of very hydrophobic compounds in MEKC. An iteration method was used to determine the migration time of micelles. The quantitative relationship between the capacity factor k' and the concentration of organic modifiers was derived, which was investigated experimentally. The linear solvation energy relationships (LSER) methodology was applied to MEKC, and good linear relationships between lnk' and solvatochromic parameters of 15 solutes were obtained in the presence of organic modifier in different concentrations, which indicated a new access in MEKC to predict k' from the structural parameters of solutes. The effect of column temperature T on k' was also investigated.

Two-peak phenomena and formation origin in micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography

The formation origin of two peaks in micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography by using cetyltrimethylaminium bromide (or sodium dodecyl sulfate) as pseudo stationary phase is studied. It is pointed out that two peaks may appear for one component in certain conditions. Experiments show that the relative areas of the two peaks of the corresponding component depend on the time and temperature of reaction between the analyte and the surfactant, and thconcentration of surfactant in the sample solution. One of the two peaks increase with the increase of surfactant concentration in the sample solution while reverse for another peak. Temperature can accelerate the reaction process. This means that the interaction between analyte and surfactant is a slow process, and a stable substance can be produced from the interaction and leads to the formation of two peaks. The standpoint is confirmed by the infrared and nuclear magneticresonance spectra of the product from the reaction between cetyltrimethylaminium bromide and m-hydroxyl benzoic acid.

Determination of phenolic whitening agents in cosmetics by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with amperometric detection

A sensitive method for simultaneous determination of six phenolic whitening agents, including arbutin, phenol, resorcinol, hydroquinone, kojic acid, and salicylic acid in cosmetics has been developed using micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with amperometric detection （MECC-AD）. Effects of several factors, such as the pH value and concentration of running buffer, potential applied to the working electrode, separation voltage, and injection time were investigated to obtain optimum conditions for separation and detection. With a 75 cm long fused-silica capillary tube, well-defined separation of six phenolic compounds was achieved in 10 mmol/L SDS/40 mmol/L H3BO3-Na2B407 running buffer （pH 9.0）. Good linear relationship was obtained for each analyte over three orders of magnitude with correlation coefficients （r2） between 0.9985 and 0.9994, and the detection limit （S/N = 3） ranged from 0.04 p^g/mL to 0.45 p^g/mL. The proposed method has been successfully applied for the determination of phenolic whitening agents in real cosmetic samples with satisfactory results, providing an alternative monitoring method for cosmetics safety regulation.

Optimization of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography method using central composite design for the analysis of components in Yangwei granule

Central composite design(CCD),together with multiple linear regression,was successfully used to optimize the electrophoretic buffer system of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography(MEKC) for the determination of albiflorin,paeoniflorin,liquiritin,and glycyrrhizic acid in the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) prescription,Yangwei granule.Concentrations of sodium deoxycholate(SDC) and borate,and proportions of ammonia,acetonitrile,and methanol were optimized.The total resolutions of peaks between the analytes and their adjacent peaks in real samples were integrated into the evaluation index of separation efficiency.The optimum electrophoretic buffer contained 80 mmol/L SDC,20 mmol/L borate,5%(v/v) methanol,0.5%(v/v) ammonia,and 5%(v/v) acetonitrile.The correlation coefficients(R 2 ) between the peak areas and the corresponding concentrations of analytes were greater than 0.9956.The limits of detection(LODs) (S/N=3) of the analytes were 0.97-4.00μg/ml.The results indicate the superiority of CCD in optimizing the separation conditions of complex samples such as TCM prescriptions.

Extraction of catechins and caffeine from different tealeaves and comparison with micellar electrokinetic chromatography

This work describes the simultaneous deter- mination of catechins and caffeine in green, black tealeaves and canned tea-drink using micellar electrokinetic chromatography. The catechins analyzed include (+)-catechin, (-)- epicatechin, (-)-epigallocatechin, (-)-epicatechin gallate and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate. Using UV absorption method at 280 nm, the limits of detections of catechins and caffeine are 10-6 mol/L, which is suitable for the real sample determination. Using this analytical method, the extraction of these compounds from the tealeaves with hot water is compared under different temperatures. The effects of temperature on the amount of catechins and caffeine extracted are evident, showing that (-)-epigallocatechin gallate is the most easiest to be extracted at 100℃. The stability of catechins and caffeine in stocking solution of tea-drink at 4℃ is also compared on five consecutive days. The contents of catechins and caffeine in green and black teas are discussed and the difference of the content between different tealeaves can provide a reference for the assessment of tea quality.

Quantification of Aromatic Amino Acids in Cordyceps fungi by Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography

A facile micellar electrokinetic chromatography(MEKC) method was developed for quantification of aromatic amino acids in Cordyceps fungi. The proposed MEKC method had linear calibration curves and detection limits at the μmol/L level. Contents of aromatic amino acids in Cordyceps were found in the range from 0.004 9 % to 0.028 0% for tryptophan(Trp), 0.036 6% to 0.078 1% for tyrosine(Tyr), and 0.029 1% to 0.136 2% for phenylalanine(Phe). Levels of amino acids in cultivated Cordyceps militaris were found higher than those in natural Cordyceps sinensis. Interestingly, the ratio of Tyr to its precursor, Phe, in C. sinensis(1.20 ± 0.091, n=3) was significantly higher than that in cultivated C. militaris(0.54 ± 0.170, n=3). This is likely because the enzyme-catalyzed in vivo biotransformation of Phe to Tyr is much more effective in natural C. sinensis, a biological hybrid of larva and parasitic fungus, than in cultivated C. militaris.