Modeling of the roughness in micro-nano scale and its influence have not been fully investigated, however the roughness will cause amplitude and phase errors of the radiating slot, and decrease the precision and effic...Modeling of the roughness in micro-nano scale and its influence have not been fully investigated, however the roughness will cause amplitude and phase errors of the radiating slot, and decrease the precision and efficiency of the SWA in Ku-band. Firstly, the roughness is simulated using the electromechanical coupled（EC） model. The relationship between roughness and the antenna＇s radiation properties is obtained. For verification, an antenna proto- type is manufactured and tested, and the simulation method is introduced. According to the prototype, a contrasting experiment dealing with the flatness of the radiating plane is conducted to test the simulation method. The advantage of the EC model is validated by comparisons of the EC model and two classical roughness models （sine wave and fractal function）, which shows that the EC model gives a more accurate description model for roughness, the maxi- mum error is 13%. The existence of roughness strongly broadens the beamwidth and raises the side-lobe level of SWA, which is 1.2 times greater than the ideal antenna. In addition, effect of the EC model＇s evaluation indices is investigated, the most affected scale of the roughness is found, which is 1/10 of the working wavelength. The proposed research provides the instruction for antenna designing and manufacturing.展开更多
目的:观察金水宝胶囊辅助高通量透析对终末期肾病(ESRD)患者肾功能和微炎症状态的影响。方法:选取ESRD患者126例,采用简单随机法分为观察组和对照组各63例。对照组予高通量透析治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合金水宝胶囊治疗,均持续治疗...目的:观察金水宝胶囊辅助高通量透析对终末期肾病(ESRD)患者肾功能和微炎症状态的影响。方法:选取ESRD患者126例,采用简单随机法分为观察组和对照组各63例。对照组予高通量透析治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合金水宝胶囊治疗,均持续治疗2个月。比较2组临床疗效,以及治疗前后肾功能[尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(SCr)、24 h尿蛋白定量(24 h Upro)和β_(2)-微球蛋白(β_(2)-MG)]、微炎症指标[白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-8、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)]和氧化应激反应指标[超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、丙二醛(MDA)]水平变化,统计2组不良事件发生情况。结果:观察组总有效率为96.83%,对照组为87.30%,2组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组SCr、BUN、24 h Upro、β_(2)-MG水平均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),且观察组4项肾功能指标均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组IL-6、TNF-α、IL-8水平均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),且观察组3项微炎症因子指标均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组SOD、GSH-PX水平均较治疗前升高(P<0.05),MDA水平较治疗前降低(P<0.05);且观察组SOD、GSH-PX水平高于对照组(P<0.05),MDA水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:金水宝胶囊辅助高通量透析治疗ESRD可提高临床疗效,减轻炎症反应和氧化应激反应,有效保护肾功能,且用药安全性较高。展开更多
To satisfy the measuring demands for the micro components of the industry, micro/nano probing systems with various ball tips have been developed. However, most of them cannot be used to measure the real micro geometri...To satisfy the measuring demands for the micro components of the industry, micro/nano probing systems with various ball tips have been developed. However, most of them cannot be used to measure the real micro geometrical features high precisely because the parameters of the ball tips are not appropriate. The ball tips with a diameter of less than 100 μm, a sphericity and eccentricity of far less than 1 μm are required urgently. A review on the state-of-the-art of ball tips of micro/nano probing systems is presented. The material characteristics and geometric parameters of now available ball tips are introduced sepa- rately. The existing fabrication methods for the ball tips are demonstrated and summarized. The ball tips＇ future trends, which are smaller diameter, better sphericity and smaller eccentricity, are proposed in view of the practical requirements of high-precision measurement for micro geometrical features. Some challenges have to be faced in future, such as the promotion and high-precision measurement for the small ball tip＇s sphericity and eccentricity. Fusion method without the gravity effect when the molten ball tip solidifying is a more suitable way to fabricate a small diameter ball tip together with a shaft.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51305322,51405364,51475348)
文摘Modeling of the roughness in micro-nano scale and its influence have not been fully investigated, however the roughness will cause amplitude and phase errors of the radiating slot, and decrease the precision and efficiency of the SWA in Ku-band. Firstly, the roughness is simulated using the electromechanical coupled（EC） model. The relationship between roughness and the antenna＇s radiation properties is obtained. For verification, an antenna proto- type is manufactured and tested, and the simulation method is introduced. According to the prototype, a contrasting experiment dealing with the flatness of the radiating plane is conducted to test the simulation method. The advantage of the EC model is validated by comparisons of the EC model and two classical roughness models （sine wave and fractal function）, which shows that the EC model gives a more accurate description model for roughness, the maxi- mum error is 13%. The existence of roughness strongly broadens the beamwidth and raises the side-lobe level of SWA, which is 1.2 times greater than the ideal antenna. In addition, effect of the EC model＇s evaluation indices is investigated, the most affected scale of the roughness is found, which is 1/10 of the working wavelength. The proposed research provides the instruction for antenna designing and manufacturing.
文摘目的:观察金水宝胶囊辅助高通量透析对终末期肾病(ESRD)患者肾功能和微炎症状态的影响。方法:选取ESRD患者126例,采用简单随机法分为观察组和对照组各63例。对照组予高通量透析治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合金水宝胶囊治疗,均持续治疗2个月。比较2组临床疗效,以及治疗前后肾功能[尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(SCr)、24 h尿蛋白定量(24 h Upro)和β_(2)-微球蛋白(β_(2)-MG)]、微炎症指标[白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-8、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)]和氧化应激反应指标[超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、丙二醛(MDA)]水平变化,统计2组不良事件发生情况。结果:观察组总有效率为96.83%,对照组为87.30%,2组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组SCr、BUN、24 h Upro、β_(2)-MG水平均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),且观察组4项肾功能指标均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组IL-6、TNF-α、IL-8水平均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),且观察组3项微炎症因子指标均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组SOD、GSH-PX水平均较治疗前升高(P<0.05),MDA水平较治疗前降低(P<0.05);且观察组SOD、GSH-PX水平高于对照组(P<0.05),MDA水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:金水宝胶囊辅助高通量透析治疗ESRD可提高临床疗效,减轻炎症反应和氧化应激反应,有效保护肾功能,且用药安全性较高。
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51675157,51475131)State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments of China(Grant No.PIL1401)
文摘To satisfy the measuring demands for the micro components of the industry, micro/nano probing systems with various ball tips have been developed. However, most of them cannot be used to measure the real micro geometrical features high precisely because the parameters of the ball tips are not appropriate. The ball tips with a diameter of less than 100 μm, a sphericity and eccentricity of far less than 1 μm are required urgently. A review on the state-of-the-art of ball tips of micro/nano probing systems is presented. The material characteristics and geometric parameters of now available ball tips are introduced sepa- rately. The existing fabrication methods for the ball tips are demonstrated and summarized. The ball tips＇ future trends, which are smaller diameter, better sphericity and smaller eccentricity, are proposed in view of the practical requirements of high-precision measurement for micro geometrical features. Some challenges have to be faced in future, such as the promotion and high-precision measurement for the small ball tip＇s sphericity and eccentricity. Fusion method without the gravity effect when the molten ball tip solidifying is a more suitable way to fabricate a small diameter ball tip together with a shaft.
