Research on rheological properties of micro-fine grouting cement

This article studies the influence of the fineness of cement, fly ash(FA), its composite admixture and the amount and way mixed with superplasticizer on the rheological properties of micro fine cement(MC). By means of modern instruments and technologies (such as XRD, SEM, laser granulometer and superficial potential apparatus etc.), the article studies the mineral compositions, the appearance character of grains, particle size distribution and superficial potential of FA and its composite materials. And through that, the reducing mechanism of FA is thoroughly analyzed. The study shows that FA and its composite admixture are excellent components which can effectively improve the rheological properties of micro fine cement, and that the superplasticizer has a saturation point and the mixing way of it has a great influence on the rheological properties.

Characterization of microstructure evolution of cement paste by micro computed tomography

Micro computed tomography (Micro-CT) was applied to obtain three-dimensional images of the microstructure of cement paste (water-to-cement mass ratio of 0.5) at different ages. By using the Amira software, component phases of the cement paste such as pores, hydration products, and unhydrated clinker particles were segmented from each other based on their 3D image grey levels; their relative contents were also calculated with the software, and the data are 61.2%, 0% and 38.8% at the beginning of hydration and 11.8%, 78.5% and 9.7% at 28 d age, respectively. The hydration degree of cement paste at different ages was compared with the experimental data acquired by loss on ignition (LOI) tests. The results show that the calculated and measured data reasonably agree with each other, which indicates that micro-CT is a useful and reliable approach to characterize the micro structure evolution of hydrating cement paste.

Mechanical Properties of Micro-regions in Cement-based Material based on the PeakForce QNM Mode of AFM

In this paper, the cement paste and the mortar were tested using the PF-QNM technique. It is shown that the PF-QNM technique is very powerful to characterize the mechanical properties of micro-and nanostructures in the cement-based materials. It does not have strict requirements for test environment and it does not damage the surface of the material. High-resolution images can be obtained very easily, and they can be analyzed statistically. The test results show that PF-QNM analysis can test not only the mechanical properties of the cement paste, but also investigate the interfacial regions in the cement-based material, including the variation in the mechanical properties of interface regions and the extension of the interfacial regions. During the test, care must be taken to choose the size of test area;indeed, a test area too small is not representative but too large leads to lack of stability. The recommended side is a square with a length of in the range 10-30 μm.

Immediate and delayed micro-tensile bond strength of different luting resin cements to different regional dentin

We sought to evaluate immediate and delayed micro-tensile bond strength of Panavia F2.0 and Multilink Sprint resin cement to superficial, deep and cervical dentin. Thirty-six freshly extracted non-carious human molars were sectioned in the mesiodistal direction to expose three different dentin regions including superficial dentin （1 mm below the dentine-enamel junction）, deep dentin （1 mm above the highest pulp horn） and cervical dentin （0.5 mm above the cemento-enamel junction and 0.5 mm below the dentine-enamel junction）. Resin cements were applied on dentin surfaces and composite blocks were luted under constant seating pressure. Each group was divided into three subgroups according to time intervals. Specimens were sectioned to obtain sticks of 1 mm2 in diameter and subjected to microtensile bond strength testing at a cross head speed of 1 mrn/min. Both resin cements showed higher micro-tensile bond strength to superficial dentin than that to deep or cervical dentin （P 〈 0.001）. Micro-ten- sile bond strengths of Panavia F2.0 were higher than those of Multilink Sprint at different dentin regions （P 〈 0.001）. Immediate ＂micro-tensile bond strengths were higher than those of delayed micro-tensile bond strengths for both resin cements （P 〈 0.001）. It was concluded that resin cements with different chemical formulations and applications yield significantly different micro-tensile bond strengths to different dentin regions.

Preparation of Micro-Iron Ore Tailings by Wet-Grinding and Its Application in Sulphoaluminate Cement

Herein,micro iron ore tailings(micro-IOTs)were prepared by wet-grinding and applied to improve sulphoaluminate cement(SAC)performance.The physicochemical properties of micro-IOTs were investigated by particle size analysis,XRD,and XPS.The hydrates trait and the hydration mechanism of micro-IOTs-SAC composite were studied by XRD,TGA,MIP,and SEM.The results demonstrated that micro-IOTs with an average grain diameter of 517 nm could be obtained by wet-grinding.The setting time of SAC gradually decreased with increasing micro-IOTs content.By adding 2%micro-IOTs,the compressive strengths of SAC pastes were enhanced about 22%and 10%at 4 h and 28 d,respectively.Moreover,the addition of micro-IOTs accelerated ettringite precipitation and changed its morphology,resulting in early strength improvement of the binary system.And increased later strength by micro-IOTs was closely related to the high content of AH_(3),fine pore structure,and high hydration degree of SAC.The findings suggested one new approach to utilize iron ore tailings in cementbased materials.

Micro-FAST制备WC-TiC-Co硬质合金的性能和组织研究

将多物理场耦合活化烧结技术(Micro-FAST)和燃烧合成技术相结合,在WC-8Co原始粉末中加入一定量的Ti粉和C粉,通过原位合成了TiC,制备了尺寸为φ4 mm×4 mm的WC-TiC-Co微型圆柱硬质合金。研究了工艺参数对硬质合金性能和组织的影响。结果表明,WC-8Co-4Ti-2C和WC-8Co-6Ti的样品在成分检测中均检测出TiC相,同时还伴随着(W,Ti)C相的生成。WC-8Co-4Ti-2C和WC-8Co-6Ti的样品致密度随着烧结温度的增加而增加,最高可达到96.82%;同时,试样的微观孔隙减少。显微硬度及断裂韧性均随烧结温度的增加而减小,显微硬度最高可达1936.7 HV30,断裂韧性最高可达8.0270 MPa·m^(1/2),整体上WC-8Co-6Ti样品的力学性能要优于WC-8Co-4Ti-2C样品的。

Hydration Kinetics of Phosphorus Slag-cement Paste

Hydration characteristics of Portland cement paste with phosphorus slag powder incorporated and hydration kinetics was investigated with SEM, X-ray diffraction, DTA-TG and calorimeter Ⅱ80. Results showed that phosphorus slag powder could reduce total amount of hydration products yet had little influence on the type of hydration products. The total amount of heat of hydration was decreased by 49.11% and the final setting was postponed by 2.28 h when phosphorus slag powder substituted 35% Portland cement by mass. The accelerating stage of this composite paste was controlled by catalysis, decreasing stage controlled by both catalysis and diffusion while stabilizing stage by diffusion alone. Hydration resistance and activation energy were reduced and hydration speed was accelerated.

升温速率对Micro-FAST制备WC-TiC-Co硬质合金组织和性能的影响

多物理场耦合活化烧结技术(Micro-FAST)作为一种电场辅助烧结的快速成型技术,是一种有效的微型零件制造方法。采用多物理场耦合活化烧结技术,将WC-8Co-xTi-nC(x=4,n=2 or x=6,n=0)粉末分别在25、50、75、100℃/s的升温速率下烧结,制备出尺寸为准φ4 mm×4 mm的WC-TiC-Co微型圆柱硬质合金;并对WC-TiC-Co硬质合金的相对密度、硬度和显微组织进行研究。结果表明:当温度为1200℃、加热速率为50℃/s、压力为75 MPa、保温时间为12 min时,制备得到的WC-8Co-6Ti试样的力学性能好。

Long-term Properties of Aeolian Sand-magnesium Oxychloride Cement Composites and Its Engineering Application

In order to prepare a new material with long-term stable performance,low cost,easy construction,and ecological environmental protection,the influence of aeolian sand on the compressive and flexural strength as well as micro morphology and phase composition of magnesium oxychloride cement(MOC)was studied.The experimental results indicate that,with the increase of content of doping sand,the compressive strength and flexural strength of MOC decrease significantly.However,when the quality ratio of aeolian sand and light burned magnesia powder is 1:8,the performance meets the actual engineering needs.Namely,the compressive strength of MOC is not less than 18 MPa,and flexural strength is not less than 4 MPa.Meanwhile,within 12 months of age,the compressive strength and flexural strength are stable.There is no obvious change in phase composition,and its main phase is still 5·1·8 phase.Microscopic appearance changes from needle-like to gel-like shape.Based on engineering applications,it is found that when the novel sand-fixing material is used in the field for one year,its macroscopic feature is not damaged,compressive strength and flexural strength are also more stable,phase composition negligibly changes,and micro morphology has also been turned into be gellike shape.These further confirm the long-term stability and weather resistance of MOC doping aeolian sand,providing theoretical and technical support for the widely application of MOC in the field of sand fixation in the future.

MICROSTRUCTURES OF ULTRAFINE WC POWDERS

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Damage Action of Alkali-resistant Glass Fiber in Cement-based Material

The compressive strength and flexural strength with the same strength class cement mortar of the alkali-resistant glass fiber cement mortar were tested in standard and hot-water curing condition, and the damage mechanism of alkali-resistant glass fiber was studied. The interaction mechanisms of the chemical erosion and physical injury in different curing conditions were studied in order to summarize the damage mechanism of alkali-resistant glass fiber in cement-based materials, and chloride diffusivity coefficient and porosity of cement mortar were tested in the different curing conditions. The experimental results are that the strength of cement based materials and fiber cement slurry interface zone were closely related, and heat curing could accelerate the hydration of cement, but inevitably enlarge the defect.

Determinationofelasticmodulus of claystone:Nano-/micro-indentation andmeso-compression tests used to investigate impact of alkaline fluid propagation over 18 years

Micro-mechanical properties of a claystone were tested after undergoing alkaline perturbation on site(Tournemire,CD borehole)for 18 years.In a saturated context and outside the excavation disturbed zone(EDZ),the claystone exhibits a 11.6-mm black rim at the cement/paste interface,which shows a different mechanical behaviour from the rest of the claystone.Three sets of measurements of elastic modulus were performed using:(i)nano-indentation tests with a constant indentation depth of 2 mm,(ii)microindentation tests with a constant indentation depth of 20 mm,and(iii)meso-compression tests with a constant displacement of 200 mm.The increase of the modulus of deformability in the black rim is between 15 GPa and 20 GPa according to the scale.Moreover,an overall decrease of the modulus of deformability from the smallest to the largest scale is observed in each zone.In view of the mineralogy and petrographic observations,higher values of modulus of deformability in the black rim are related to carbonate content and its distribution.Precipitation of cementitious carbonates as inclusions and very thin partings leads to hardening of the claystone.

碱含量对水泥基材料开裂敏感性的影响

选择低热硅酸盐水泥、中热硅酸盐水泥和普通硅酸盐水泥作为研究对象,利用外掺Na2SO4和K_(2)SO_(4)将其总碱含量调节至0.8%和1.2%,利用椭圆环法,并从干燥收缩性能、水化产物形貌、显微硬度及水化产物微观力学的角度,探究了碱对不同水泥基材料开裂敏感性的影响。结果表明:随着碱含量的提高,不同水泥基材料的开裂敏感性增加;低热硅酸盐水泥具有较高的抗裂能力,且适当地提高碱含量,有助于提高其抗裂性能;干燥收缩性并不能完全揭示碱对不同水泥基材料开裂敏感性的影响机制。碱对不同水泥基材料开裂敏感性的提高还与其微观特性有关,通过促使水化产物形貌发生转变,提高其显微硬度,降低水泥基材料浆体适应变形的能力;通过降低唯一具有胶凝特性的水化硅酸钙(C-S-H)簇间粘结力,降低水泥基材料浆体抵抗开裂的能力。

浸水环境下改性氯氧镁砂浆黏结强度变化规律

为了研究经青稞秸秆灰(HBSA)改性的氯氧镁水泥砂浆(MOCM)作为西部盐湖地区普通混凝土的外防护层,抵御盐湖区卤水侵蚀从而延长混凝土服役寿命的可行性,开展了浸水环境下掺入HBSA的MOCM的黏结强度等试验研究.采用普通混凝土作为黏结基层,以混凝土基层涂刷界面剂、MOCM中掺入HBSA以及砂浆层厚度等影响因素为变量,通过黏结拉拔试验分析各因素对MOCM黏结强度的影响规律,确定最优的设计参数,通过多项式模拟以及MATLAB中网格化处理等数值模拟方法,建立氯氧镁水泥黏结强度时变模型,进一步分析了浸水环境下改性MOCM黏结强度的损伤退化规律.采用微观测试技术分析了MOCM的物相组成、官能团结构、微观形貌、元素映射等特征,揭示了HBSA对MOCM黏结性能的影响机理.结果表明,HBSA中有较多的活性SiO2,能够与MOCM中的水化产物发生二次水化反应,生成水化硅酸镁(M―S―H)凝胶,填充MOCM内部孔隙,增强密实性,提高黏结性能.厚度为18 mm、掺入HBSA,且涂刷界面剂的MOCM黏结强度最高,其在浸水环境下的黏结强度退化速率最慢,基于三次多项式的数值模型能较好地反映其黏结强度的退化规律,最优组YY-18的相关性系数R2达到0.98.

石墨烯水泥砂浆抗碳化试验及预测模型分析

将两种不同尺寸的石墨烯(Peeling graphene, PG)料浆进行分散,制备出石墨烯水泥砂浆,通过快速碳化法对不同龄期的石墨烯水泥砂浆进行碳化试验,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)以及X射线能谱(EDS)等测试手段观察石墨烯水泥基材料的组成以及水化产物的微观形貌。试验结果表明,碳化龄期为56 d时,大尺寸石墨烯(PG1)和小尺寸石墨烯(PG2)水泥砂浆试件的碳化深度分别为3.7 mm、5.5 mm,相比空白组分别降低了58.4%、38.2%。使用R语言中的lm函数,建立了不同碳化时间时三种水泥砂浆试件的碳化深度非线性回归预测模型,研究碳化时间与碳化深度的关系,结果表明,模拟结果与试验实测值吻合度高。

高地温对超细复合掺合料胶凝体系的影响

通过实验室近似模拟高海拔地区高地温环境,研究超细复合掺合料对水泥基胶凝材料力学性能、体积稳定性、孔结构的影响,分析在不同温度下超细复合掺合料对水泥的最优取代率,结合微观手段分析超细复合掺合料最优掺量时胶凝体系的反应机理。结果表明:掺加超细复合掺合料能提高水泥基胶凝材料的力学性能,随着养护龄期的延长,最优取代率的抗压强度能够提高10%~21%,在高温下强度增长缓慢;超细复合掺合料体系的收缩率表现优于纯水泥体系,在适当高温环境下可保持体系稳定,但80℃的养护温度会增大体系的体积收缩率;超细复合掺合料能降低体系的平均孔径,提高密实度,生成更多钙矾石、水化硅酸钙等水化产物。

盐冻循环作用下水泥稳定碎石混合料的宏细观性能

为研究盐分和冻融循环耦合侵蚀作用下水泥稳定碎石混合料的力学性能、疲劳特性及微细观空隙结构衰减规律,在冻融条件下对不同初始含盐量的水泥稳定碎石混合料开展无侧限抗压强度试验、弯拉强度试验、动态压缩模量试验和三分点加载疲劳试验。基于工业CT无损检测技术研究了盐冻耦合作用下水泥稳定碎石混合料微细观空隙结构衰减规律;提出了盐冻循环次数与盐溶液浓度对水泥稳定碎石混合料力学性能、疲劳性能和微细观空隙直径期望值的衰减公式;建立了微细观空隙结构与宏观力学性能、疲劳性能之间的拟合关系。结果表明:盐冻耦合侵蚀作用加速了水泥稳定碎石混合料力学性能与疲劳特性衰减,随着盐冻循环次数增加,水泥稳定碎石混合料的无侧限抗压强度与动态回弹模量呈指数模型衰减,弯拉强度与疲劳寿命呈三次函数模型衰减;盐冻损伤主要集中在集料边缘的原生空隙部位,微细观等效空隙直径期望值和空隙级配中小于0.1 mm3的空隙数量随着盐冻耦合侵蚀作用次数增加而增大;硫酸钠盐溶液浓度越大,经历相同盐冻循环后水泥稳定碎石混合料力学性能和疲劳性能损伤度越高,微细观等效空隙直径期望值随着硫酸钠盐溶液浓度增大呈线性关系增大;随着等效空隙直径期望值增大,水泥稳定碎石混合料的动态回弹模量、无侧限抗压强度和弯拉强度均呈线性关系减小,同时疲劳寿命呈指数函数关系降低;盐冻耦合侵蚀作用改变了水泥稳定碎石内部微细观空隙结构,是盐冻耦合侵蚀作用导致水泥稳定碎石混合料力学性能和疲劳性能下降的原因之一。

基于硅酸钠和硅藻土的油井水泥自愈合材料的制备及表征

【目的】研究硅藻土对硅酸钠的吸附效果,探讨油井水泥环微裂缝的修复问题。【方法】采用硅酸钠作为自愈合剂,硅藻土为载体,利用真空浸渍法制备硅藻土基自愈合材料;借助扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)、红外光谱仪(infrared spectrometer,FTIR)、全自动表面积和孔结构分析仪(automatic surface area and pore structure analyzer,BET)进行分析;通过对比分析掺入硅藻土基自愈合材料前、后水泥石的抗压强度、恢复率和渗透率等,对自愈合效果进行评价;通过对水泥石裂缝表面物质进行X射线衍射分析(X-ray diffraction,XRD)、热重分析(thermal analysis,TG)和SEM分析评价材料的自愈合机制。【结果】利用真空浸渍法能够成功制得硅藻土基自愈合材料;硅藻土基自愈合材料在油井水泥中最佳掺量为9%(质量分数),该试样劈裂造缝后自愈合14 d的抗压强度比纯水泥的提高99.57%,自愈合14 d后渗透率为0.42 mD,渗透率降低率达到75.44%,比纯水泥试样的高40.94%,且自愈合14 d后裂缝表面已经闭合。【结论】硅藻土基自愈合材料制备工艺简单,在油井水泥浆中具有良好的分散性和稳定性,可以促进油井水泥石微裂缝自愈合。

硫铝酸盐水泥水化产物-铝凝胶的研究进展

硫铝酸盐水泥作为我国第三系列水泥,既是一种低碳绿色水泥,又是一种海工修补加固水泥。铝凝胶(AH_(3))是其最重要的水化产物之一,可有效提升该系列水泥石的宏观力学性能。本文结合化工中AH_(3)的基础研究,阐述了硫铝酸盐水泥石中AH_(3)的形成过程,归纳了AH_(3)的一般性特征,对比了化工中AH_(3)与硫铝酸盐水泥石中AH_(3)的异同点,具体分析了各类因素对AH_(3)微纳结构及含量的影响,总结了目前AH_(3)研究的不足之处,提出了未来研究的方向和思路。

桐油对固化土搅拌和易性及强度的影响研究

搅拌法在穿越黏土地层(塑性指数大于25)施工时,黏土容易黏附在搅拌桨和转杆上,形成团聚包裹,极大地影响搅拌的和易性和固化土工程性质。桐油是一种干性天然植物油,具有较好疏水和润滑性,在传统生土材料中得到了广泛应用。针对水泥固化土搅拌和易性和强度提升问题,系统地研究了桐油改性黏土的液塑限、固化土的经验黏附比和无侧限抗压强度的变化规律,开展了电子显微镜扫描(SEM)、压汞试验(MIP)和傅里叶红外光谱分析(FT-IR)试验,探究了桐油对固化土搅拌和易性和强度提升的微观机理。结果表明,桐油可显著提高固化土的搅拌和易性,最优掺量约为干土质量的4.0%左右;对均匀搅拌的水泥固化土而言,掺入桐油后28d无侧限抗压强度可提升约1/3。综合对搅拌和易性与强度的提升效果,桐油在黏土地层搅拌施工中具有良好的应用前景,成果可为理论研究和工程实践提供参考。