Research on rheological properties of micro-fine grouting cement

This article studies the influence of the fineness of cement, fly ash(FA), its composite admixture and the amount and way mixed with superplasticizer on the rheological properties of micro fine cement(MC). By means of modern instruments and technologies (such as XRD, SEM, laser granulometer and superficial potential apparatus etc.), the article studies the mineral compositions, the appearance character of grains, particle size distribution and superficial potential of FA and its composite materials. And through that, the reducing mechanism of FA is thoroughly analyzed. The study shows that FA and its composite admixture are excellent components which can effectively improve the rheological properties of micro fine cement, and that the superplasticizer has a saturation point and the mixing way of it has a great influence on the rheological properties.

Characterization of microstructure evolution of cement paste by micro computed tomography

Micro computed tomography (Micro-CT) was applied to obtain three-dimensional images of the microstructure of cement paste (water-to-cement mass ratio of 0.5) at different ages. By using the Amira software, component phases of the cement paste such as pores, hydration products, and unhydrated clinker particles were segmented from each other based on their 3D image grey levels; their relative contents were also calculated with the software, and the data are 61.2%, 0% and 38.8% at the beginning of hydration and 11.8%, 78.5% and 9.7% at 28 d age, respectively. The hydration degree of cement paste at different ages was compared with the experimental data acquired by loss on ignition (LOI) tests. The results show that the calculated and measured data reasonably agree with each other, which indicates that micro-CT is a useful and reliable approach to characterize the micro structure evolution of hydrating cement paste.

Mechanical Properties of Micro-regions in Cement-based Material based on the PeakForce QNM Mode of AFM

In this paper, the cement paste and the mortar were tested using the PF-QNM technique. It is shown that the PF-QNM technique is very powerful to characterize the mechanical properties of micro-and nanostructures in the cement-based materials. It does not have strict requirements for test environment and it does not damage the surface of the material. High-resolution images can be obtained very easily, and they can be analyzed statistically. The test results show that PF-QNM analysis can test not only the mechanical properties of the cement paste, but also investigate the interfacial regions in the cement-based material, including the variation in the mechanical properties of interface regions and the extension of the interfacial regions. During the test, care must be taken to choose the size of test area;indeed, a test area too small is not representative but too large leads to lack of stability. The recommended side is a square with a length of in the range 10-30 μm.

Immediate and delayed micro-tensile bond strength of different luting resin cements to different regional dentin

We sought to evaluate immediate and delayed micro-tensile bond strength of Panavia F2.0 and Multilink Sprint resin cement to superficial, deep and cervical dentin. Thirty-six freshly extracted non-carious human molars were sectioned in the mesiodistal direction to expose three different dentin regions including superficial dentin （1 mm below the dentine-enamel junction）, deep dentin （1 mm above the highest pulp horn） and cervical dentin （0.5 mm above the cemento-enamel junction and 0.5 mm below the dentine-enamel junction）. Resin cements were applied on dentin surfaces and composite blocks were luted under constant seating pressure. Each group was divided into three subgroups according to time intervals. Specimens were sectioned to obtain sticks of 1 mm2 in diameter and subjected to microtensile bond strength testing at a cross head speed of 1 mrn/min. Both resin cements showed higher micro-tensile bond strength to superficial dentin than that to deep or cervical dentin （P 〈 0.001）. Micro-ten- sile bond strengths of Panavia F2.0 were higher than those of Multilink Sprint at different dentin regions （P 〈 0.001）. Immediate ＂micro-tensile bond strengths were higher than those of delayed micro-tensile bond strengths for both resin cements （P 〈 0.001）. It was concluded that resin cements with different chemical formulations and applications yield significantly different micro-tensile bond strengths to different dentin regions.

Preparation of Micro-Iron Ore Tailings by Wet-Grinding and Its Application in Sulphoaluminate Cement

Herein,micro iron ore tailings(micro-IOTs)were prepared by wet-grinding and applied to improve sulphoaluminate cement(SAC)performance.The physicochemical properties of micro-IOTs were investigated by particle size analysis,XRD,and XPS.The hydrates trait and the hydration mechanism of micro-IOTs-SAC composite were studied by XRD,TGA,MIP,and SEM.The results demonstrated that micro-IOTs with an average grain diameter of 517 nm could be obtained by wet-grinding.The setting time of SAC gradually decreased with increasing micro-IOTs content.By adding 2%micro-IOTs,the compressive strengths of SAC pastes were enhanced about 22%and 10%at 4 h and 28 d,respectively.Moreover,the addition of micro-IOTs accelerated ettringite precipitation and changed its morphology,resulting in early strength improvement of the binary system.And increased later strength by micro-IOTs was closely related to the high content of AH_(3),fine pore structure,and high hydration degree of SAC.The findings suggested one new approach to utilize iron ore tailings in cementbased materials.

Long-term Properties of Aeolian Sand-magnesium Oxychloride Cement Composites and Its Engineering Application

In order to prepare a new material with long-term stable performance,low cost,easy construction,and ecological environmental protection,the influence of aeolian sand on the compressive and flexural strength as well as micro morphology and phase composition of magnesium oxychloride cement(MOC)was studied.The experimental results indicate that,with the increase of content of doping sand,the compressive strength and flexural strength of MOC decrease significantly.However,when the quality ratio of aeolian sand and light burned magnesia powder is 1:8,the performance meets the actual engineering needs.Namely,the compressive strength of MOC is not less than 18 MPa,and flexural strength is not less than 4 MPa.Meanwhile,within 12 months of age,the compressive strength and flexural strength are stable.There is no obvious change in phase composition,and its main phase is still 5·1·8 phase.Microscopic appearance changes from needle-like to gel-like shape.Based on engineering applications,it is found that when the novel sand-fixing material is used in the field for one year,its macroscopic feature is not damaged,compressive strength and flexural strength are also more stable,phase composition negligibly changes,and micro morphology has also been turned into be gellike shape.These further confirm the long-term stability and weather resistance of MOC doping aeolian sand,providing theoretical and technical support for the widely application of MOC in the field of sand fixation in the future.

Properties and interfacial microstructure of cement-based materials with composite micro-grains

Silica fume, fly ash and nano-fiber mineral materials (NR powder) are employed to incorporate into cement-based materials. According to the grain grading mathematical model of cement-based materials, two packing systems, namely, spherical grading system and nano-fiber reinforced system were designed. Properties and interfacial microstructure of the two systems were studied according to secondary interface theory. It was shown that nano-fiber mineral materials can improve the grain grading of the admixture, increase the density of the system, improve the microstructure of the interface and the hardened paste, and enhance the uniformity of cement-based materials mixed with composite micro-grains and greatly increase their wearable rigidity and flexure strength. In this paper, two kinds of interface models, including spherical grain model and nano-fiber reinforced interface model of the cement-based materials mixed with composite micro-grains, were brought forward.

浸水环境下改性氯氧镁砂浆黏结强度变化规律

为了研究经青稞秸秆灰(HBSA)改性的氯氧镁水泥砂浆(MOCM)作为西部盐湖地区普通混凝土的外防护层,抵御盐湖区卤水侵蚀从而延长混凝土服役寿命的可行性,开展了浸水环境下掺入HBSA的MOCM的黏结强度等试验研究.采用普通混凝土作为黏结基层,以混凝土基层涂刷界面剂、MOCM中掺入HBSA以及砂浆层厚度等影响因素为变量,通过黏结拉拔试验分析各因素对MOCM黏结强度的影响规律,确定最优的设计参数,通过多项式模拟以及MATLAB中网格化处理等数值模拟方法,建立氯氧镁水泥黏结强度时变模型,进一步分析了浸水环境下改性MOCM黏结强度的损伤退化规律.采用微观测试技术分析了MOCM的物相组成、官能团结构、微观形貌、元素映射等特征,揭示了HBSA对MOCM黏结性能的影响机理.结果表明,HBSA中有较多的活性SiO2,能够与MOCM中的水化产物发生二次水化反应,生成水化硅酸镁(M―S―H)凝胶,填充MOCM内部孔隙,增强密实性,提高黏结性能.厚度为18 mm、掺入HBSA,且涂刷界面剂的MOCM黏结强度最高,其在浸水环境下的黏结强度退化速率最慢,基于三次多项式的数值模型能较好地反映其黏结强度的退化规律,最优组YY-18的相关性系数R2达到0.98.

石墨烯水泥砂浆抗碳化试验及预测模型分析

将两种不同尺寸的石墨烯(Peeling graphene, PG)料浆进行分散,制备出石墨烯水泥砂浆,通过快速碳化法对不同龄期的石墨烯水泥砂浆进行碳化试验,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)以及X射线能谱(EDS)等测试手段观察石墨烯水泥基材料的组成以及水化产物的微观形貌。试验结果表明,碳化龄期为56 d时,大尺寸石墨烯(PG1)和小尺寸石墨烯(PG2)水泥砂浆试件的碳化深度分别为3.7 mm、5.5 mm,相比空白组分别降低了58.4%、38.2%。使用R语言中的lm函数,建立了不同碳化时间时三种水泥砂浆试件的碳化深度非线性回归预测模型,研究碳化时间与碳化深度的关系,结果表明,模拟结果与试验实测值吻合度高。

基于硅酸钠和硅藻土的油井水泥自愈合材料的制备及表征

【目的】研究硅藻土对硅酸钠的吸附效果,探讨油井水泥环微裂缝的修复问题。【方法】采用硅酸钠作为自愈合剂,硅藻土为载体,利用真空浸渍法制备硅藻土基自愈合材料;借助扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)、红外光谱仪(infrared spectrometer,FTIR)、全自动表面积和孔结构分析仪(automatic surface area and pore structure analyzer,BET)进行分析;通过对比分析掺入硅藻土基自愈合材料前、后水泥石的抗压强度、恢复率和渗透率等,对自愈合效果进行评价;通过对水泥石裂缝表面物质进行X射线衍射分析(X-ray diffraction,XRD)、热重分析(thermal analysis,TG)和SEM分析评价材料的自愈合机制。【结果】利用真空浸渍法能够成功制得硅藻土基自愈合材料;硅藻土基自愈合材料在油井水泥中最佳掺量为9%(质量分数),该试样劈裂造缝后自愈合14 d的抗压强度比纯水泥的提高99.57%,自愈合14 d后渗透率为0.42 mD,渗透率降低率达到75.44%,比纯水泥试样的高40.94%,且自愈合14 d后裂缝表面已经闭合。【结论】硅藻土基自愈合材料制备工艺简单,在油井水泥浆中具有良好的分散性和稳定性,可以促进油井水泥石微裂缝自愈合。

桐油对固化土搅拌和易性及强度的影响研究

搅拌法在穿越黏土地层(塑性指数大于25)施工时,黏土容易黏附在搅拌桨和转杆上,形成团聚包裹,极大地影响搅拌的和易性和固化土工程性质。桐油是一种干性天然植物油,具有较好疏水和润滑性,在传统生土材料中得到了广泛应用。针对水泥固化土搅拌和易性和强度提升问题,系统地研究了桐油改性黏土的液塑限、固化土的经验黏附比和无侧限抗压强度的变化规律,开展了电子显微镜扫描(SEM)、压汞试验(MIP)和傅里叶红外光谱分析(FT-IR)试验,探究了桐油对固化土搅拌和易性和强度提升的微观机理。结果表明,桐油可显著提高固化土的搅拌和易性,最优掺量约为干土质量的4.0%左右;对均匀搅拌的水泥固化土而言,掺入桐油后28d无侧限抗压强度可提升约1/3。综合对搅拌和易性与强度的提升效果,桐油在黏土地层搅拌施工中具有良好的应用前景,成果可为理论研究和工程实践提供参考。

混合相磷石膏基胶结材制备与早期性能研究

以混合相磷石膏为主要原料,掺入矿渣、赤泥、偏高岭土、熟料制备混合相磷石膏基胶结材,通过抗压强度、p H和浸出毒性测试研究其早期性能,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)测试分析水化机理。结果表明:53.76%(质量分数,下同)混合相磷石膏、9.68%矿渣、9.68%赤泥、16.13%偏高岭土和10.75%熟料可制备出性能最优的混合相磷石膏基胶结材,其3、5、7 d抗压强度分别达到8.93、10.99、13.14 MPa,p H碱性低于传统水泥基材料,总磷、氟化物浸出浓度均满足污水综合排放标准要求;磷石膏在400℃下煅烧60 min形成半水-无水混合相磷石膏,其中半水石膏和无水石膏的相对含量分别为31.7%和68.3%。混合相磷石膏基胶结材水化生成的水化硅酸钙凝胶、钙矾石和透钙磷石等物质形成致密结构,提升材料强度,阻隔污染物F^(-)、PO_(4)^(3-)浸出。混合相磷石膏基胶结材具有良好的力学性能和环境相容性,可为磷石膏规模化消纳提供新途径。

CO_(2)封存井筒密封性及强化方法

考虑CO_(2)封存井筒的实际服役环境,基于有限元方法建立了含水泥腐蚀层的井筒屏障模型,模拟了水泥塞-地层界面微环隙发育过程,厘清了流体驱动下微环隙扩展机制及主控因素,提出了井筒密封性强化方法。模拟结果表明:超临界CO_(2)聚积会引起水泥胶结面应力改变,当界面处应力由压应力转为拉应力,且应力值高于界面胶结强度时,井筒便会产生微环隙;若水泥腐蚀后腐蚀层刚度、界面胶结强度下降,则井筒密封能力下降;膨胀性添加剂可提高胶结面初始压应力,进而增强井筒密封性。当水泥塞膨胀率为0.5‰时,微环隙扩展压力上升43.7%,微环隙长度下降了42.7%,井筒密封性得到显著增强。

循环载荷作用下水泥环完整性试验研究

在页岩气井多级压裂过程中,从地下很难直接获取水泥环温度和应变等用于评估其完整性的信息。为此,结合光纤光栅传感技术和全尺寸物理模拟试验装置,通过试验获得了水泥环在候凝阶段和完井阶段的温度和应变变化规律,分析了压力和温度循环载荷对水泥环完整性的影响。研究结果表明:在候凝阶段,水泥环峰值温度比养护温度高1.9℃,水泥环周向应变为拉应变,最大值为403.7×10^(-6)m/m;在完井阶段,在40和50 MPa内压循环载荷作用下,水泥环产生塑性应变并不断累积,当累积塑性应变达到临界值87.1×10^(-6)m/m时,界面微环隙会导致环空气体泄漏;在温度循环载荷作用下,水泥环产生周向压应变,该收缩会在第一界面产生周向和径向拉应力,导致出现微环隙的风险增加。研究结论可为多级压裂现场施工提供理论参考。

保压候凝对页岩气井固井质量的影响及机理分析

页岩气井开发过程面临钻压同步的情况,常伴有套变现象发生,影响后期压裂改造。为此,油田采取保压候凝措施预防套变。通过跟踪页岩气井保压候凝后续固井质量情况,发现采取该措施的页岩气井存在质量分界现象,即保压候凝后,在某一井深范围会出现质量反转,固井质量差异明显。通过统计数据与测井曲线图特征分析,探索总结其影响规律,并结合弹性力学厚壁筒理论对其进行了机理分析。对于抗外挤强度高的套管,在满足抗外挤条件下,不建议候凝期间采取管内保压措施。如果必须采取保压措施,建议采用弹性水泥浆、树脂水泥浆等体系进行浆体设计,并合理控制保压值以减小微间隙的产生。另外,还可在重叠段关键位置使用遇烃遇水自膨胀管外封隔器封堵气窜通道,降低后期环空带压机率。

相变调温墙板热工性能试验和数值模拟研究

为解决墙体能量供给在时间和空间上的矛盾,进一步提高建筑舒适性,本文结合相变材料和水泥材料的优点,将相变微胶囊(Micro-PCM)掺入到水泥胶凝材料中得到相变砂浆,并将其粉刷在墙板表面形成相变砂浆层,采用白炽灯加热来模拟建筑围护结构外表面的太阳辐射,研究相变调温墙板在太阳辐射下的热工性能,并采用COMSOL软件对相变调温墙板的热工性能进行数值模拟。结果表明:随着Micro-PCM掺量的增大,相变调温墙板的储热性能增大,以普通墙板为基准,当Micro-PCM掺量为40%(体积分数)时,相变调温墙板的温度比基准墙板峰值降低了5.166℃,峰值温度出现时间延迟了145 min,峰值温度波幅降低了4.509℃,峰值传热量降低了22.202 W/m^(2)。当相变砂布置在加气混凝土砌块墙体内侧时,峰温度波幅降低了2.38℃,最高瞬时传热降低了1.61 W/m^(2),相变砂浆的储热性能最好,具有一定的力学强度,可以应用于围护结构表面发挥其控温作用。

CO_(2)腐蚀-应力耦合下固井水泥环密封完整性

CO_(2)地质封存过程中,与地层围岩中的水反应后腐蚀着固井水泥环,腐蚀损伤和套管内压(应力)耦合作用极大地影响着水泥环的密封完整性。基于CO_(2)腐蚀实验,获得不同腐蚀程度水泥石材料力学性能参数,采用混凝土损伤塑性(CDP)本构模型和Mohor-Coulomb准则描述腐蚀前后水泥环的应力-应变行为,利用ABAQUS软件建立考虑CO_(2)腐蚀与应力耦合作用的井筒组合体(套管-水泥环-地层围岩)有限元分析模型,分析和探讨了套管内压和腐蚀时间对水泥环完整性的影响。结果表明,较高套管内压下,井筒水泥环发生弹塑性变形,出现结构损伤,套管与水泥环界面易形成微间隙;受腐蚀和套管内压的耦合作用,水泥环更易于出现完整性失效问题,相比较于未腐蚀水泥环,腐蚀水泥环受压后径向应力、等效塑性应变、微间隙以及拉伸和压缩损伤均较大,与之相反,塑性半径是减小的;微间隙与拉伸和压缩损伤受腐蚀时间的影响不明显。

基于CT技术的水泥稳定碎石微裂程度控制模型

为探究水泥稳定碎石材料内部细观空隙特征变化对微裂程度的影响,借助CT无损检测技术提取微裂后水泥稳定碎石试件空隙特征参数,采用灰熵关联度探讨水泥稳定碎石空隙参数与微裂程度关联性,建立空隙数量与微裂程度灰色关系模型。结果表明:延长振动时间,面空隙率呈现先增大后减小趋势、微裂程度呈现先增长后降低趋势。微裂后水泥稳定碎石试件相比未微裂试件空隙数量有所增加,且微裂作用对面积在0~0.1 mm^(2)范围内的空隙影响最为显著。圆度在0~0.2范围内空隙占比随振动时间延长逐渐增大,微裂后空隙分形维数均大于未微裂试件,且材料内部空隙形状趋于复杂化。空隙数量与微裂程度关联度最高。基于上述结果建立的微裂程度GM(1,2)预测模型可为水泥稳定碎石微裂技术细观层面研究和应用提供理论参考。

硬质合金微型钻头固有频率研究及应用

分别利用实验、模拟和计算三种方法对微型钻头的固有频率进行分析,制备了不同直径及长度的未加工螺旋槽棒料和已加工螺旋槽产品,进行固有频率测试并分析不同规格棒料、产品之间频率的差异。根据实验结果总结了微型钻头一阶固有频率的经验公式,与棒料的模拟频率进行对比。结果表明:实验、模拟、计算三种方法表现出较好的一致性,微型钻头的固有频率与直径和长度有较明显的对应关系。针对钻径≤0.4mm、长径比>20的微型钻头,在微型钻头入钻前用经验公式可以较快地计算出微型钻头的固有频率;模拟方法可以较准确地求得微型钻头的多阶固有频率,方便进行共振分析;微型钻头钻孔过程中固有频率随着钻削深度的增加逐渐增大。

搅拌站废浆对砂浆流动度和力学性能的影响

为了实现搅拌站废浆的再利用,研究了不同含固量(3%~15%)废浆等质量取代0~100%的水对砂浆流动度及力学性能的影响。结果表明:废浆中存在的C3S、C2S等矿物成分使其具备在混凝土中应用的可行性;随着废浆掺量的增加,砂浆的流动度基本呈减小趋势;废浆的掺入能在一定程度上使砂浆的微观结构更密实,从而提高砂浆的力学性能,尤其是28 d抗压强度。