Research on the Control Strategy of Micro Wind-Hydrogen Coupled System Based on Wind Power Prediction and Hydrogen Storage System Charging/Discharging Regulation

This paper addresses the micro wind-hydrogen coupled system,aiming to improve the power tracking capability of micro wind farms,the regulation capability of hydrogen storage systems,and to mitigate the volatility of wind power generation.A predictive control strategy for the micro wind-hydrogen coupled system is proposed based on the ultra-short-term wind power prediction,the hydrogen storage state division interval,and the daily scheduled output of wind power generation.The control strategy maximizes the power tracking capability,the regulation capability of the hydrogen storage system,and the fluctuation of the joint output of the wind-hydrogen coupled system as the objective functions,and adaptively optimizes the control coefficients of the hydrogen storage interval and the output parameters of the system by the combined sigmoid function and particle swarm algorithm(sigmoid-PSO).Compared with the real-time control strategy,the proposed predictive control strategy can significantly improve the output tracking capability of the wind-hydrogen coupling system,minimize the gap between the actual output and the predicted output,significantly enhance the regulation capability of the hydrogen storage system,and mitigate the power output fluctuation of the wind-hydrogen integrated system,which has a broad practical application prospect.

Effect of dry-wet cycles on dynamic properties and microstructures of sandstone:Experiments and modelling

Underground pumped storage power plant(UPSP)is an innovative concept for space recycling of abandoned mines.Its realization requires better understanding of the dynamic performance and durability of reservoir rock.This paper conducted ultrasonic detection,split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)impact,mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP),and backscatter electron observation(BSE)tests to investigate the dynamical behaviour and microstructure of sandstone with cyclical dry-wet damage.A coupling FEM-DEM model was constructed for reappearing mesoscopic structure damage.The results show that dry-wet cycles decrease the dynamic compressive strength(DCS)with a maximum reduction of 39.40%,the elastic limit strength is reduced from 41.75 to 25.62 MPa.The sieved fragments obtain the highest crack growth rate during the 23rd dry-wet cycle with a predictable life of 25 cycles for each rock particle.The pore fractal features of the macropores and micro-meso pores show great differences between the early and late cycles,which verifies the computational statistics analysis of particle deterioration.The numerical results show that the failure patterns are governed by the strain in pre-peak stage and the shear cracks are dominant.The dry-wet cycles reduce the energy transfer efficiency and lead to the discretization of force chain and crack fields.

A Micro-coupling for Micro Mechanical Systems

The error motions of micro mechanical systems, such as micro-spindles, increase with the increasing of the rotational speed, which not only decreases the rotational accuracy, but also promotes instability and limits the maximum operational speed. One effective way to deal with it is to use micro-flexible couplings between the drive and driven shafts so as to reduce error motions of the driven shaft. But the conventional couplings, such as diaphragm couplings, elastomeric couplings, bellows couplings, and grooved couplings, etc, cannot be directly used because of their large and complicated structures. This study presents a novel micro-coupling that consists of a flexible coupling and a shape memory alloy（SMA）-based clamp for micro mechanical systems. It is monolithic and can be directly machined from a shaft. The study performs design optimization and provides manufacturing considerations, including thermo-mechanical training of the SMA ring for the desired Two-Way-Shape-Memory effect（TWSMe）. A prototype micro-coupling and a prototype micro-spindle using the proposed coupling are fabricated and tested. The testing results show that the prototype micro-coupling can bear a torque of above 5 N · mm and an axial force of 8.5 N and be fitted with an SMA ring for clamping action at room temperature（15 ℃） and unclamping action below –5 ℃. At the same time, the prototype micro-coupling can work at a rotational speed of above 200 kr/min with the application to a high-speed precision micro-spindle. Moreover, the radial runout error of the artifact, as a substitute for the micro-tool, is less than 3 μm while that of turbine shaft is above 7 μm. It can be concluded that the micro-coupling successfully accommodates misalignment errors of the prototype micro-spindle. This research proposes a micro-coupling which is featured with an SMA ring, and it is designed to clamp two shafts, and has smooth transmission, simple assembly, compact structure, zero-maintenance and balanced motions.

Edge Effects and Coupling Effects in Atomic Force Microscope Images

The AFM images were obtained by an atomic force microscope (AFM) and transformed from the deformation of AFM micro cantilever probe. However, due to the surface topography and surface forces applied on the AFM tip of sample, the deformation of AFM probe results in obvious edge effects and coupling effects in the AFM images.The deformation of AFM probe was analyzed,the mechanism of the edge effects and the coupling effects was investigated, and their results in the AFM images were studied. It is demonstrated by the theoretical analysis and AFM experiments that the edge effects make lateral force images more clear than the topography images,also make extraction of frictional force from lateral force images more complex and difficult. While the coupling effects make the comparison between topography images and lateral force images more advantage to acquire precise topography information by AFM.

Strongly coupled N-doped carbon/Fe3O4/N-doped carbon hierarchical micro/nanostructures for enhanced lithium storage performance

A strong interface coupling is of vital importance to develop metal oxide/carbon nanocomposite anodes for next-generation lithium ion batteries.Herein,a rational N-doped carb on riveting strategy is designed to boost the lithium storage performance of Fe3O4/N-doped carbon tubular structures.Poly pyrrole(PPy)has been used as the precursor for N-doped carbon.N-doped carbon-riveted Fe3O4/N-doped carbon(N-C@Fe3O4@N-C)nanocomposites were obtained by pyrolysis of PPy-coated FeOOH@PPy nanotubes in Ar atmosphere.When tested as an anode for LIBs,the N-C@Fe3O4@N-C displays a high reversible discharge capacity of 675.8 mA h g-1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g-1 and very good rate capability(470 mA h g_1 at 2 A g-1),which significantly surpasses the performance of Fe3O4@N-C.TEM analysis reveals that after battery cycling the FeOx particles detached from the carbon fibers for Fe3O4@N-C,while for N-C@Fe3O4@N-C the FeOx particles were still trapped in the carbon matrix,thus preserving good electrical contact.Consequently,the superior performance of N-C@Fe3C)4@N-C is attributed to the synergistic effect between Fe3O4 and N-doped carbon combined with the unique structure properties of the nanocomposites.The strategy reported in this work is expected to be applicable for designing other electrode materials for LIBs.

Linear and nonlinear torsional free vibration of functionally graded micro/nano-tubes based on modified couple stress theory

The linear and nonlinear torsional free vibration analyses of functionMly graded micro/nuno-tubes （FGMTs） are analytically investigated based on the couple stress theory. The employed non-classical continuum theory contains one material length scale parameter, which can capture the small scale effect. The FGMT model accounts for the through-radius power-law variation of a two-constituent material. Hamilton＇s principle is used to develop the non-classical nonlinear governing equation. To study the effect of the boundary conditions, two types of end conditions, i.e., fixed-fixed and fixed-free, are considered. The derived boundary value governing equation is of the fourthorder, and is solved by the homotopy analysis method （HAM）. This method is based on the Taylor series with an embedded parameter and is capable of providing very good approximations by means of only a few terms, if the initial guess and the auxiliary linear operator are properly selected. The analytical expressions are developed for the linear and nonlinear natural frequencies, which can be conveniently used to investigate the effects of the dimensionless length scale parameter, the material gradient index, and the vibration amplitude on the natural frequencies of FGMTs.

Analysis of electromechanical coupling facts of complicated electromechanical system

From aspect of electromechanical coupling,the probable conditions that cause rolling mill chatter to lead to periodic thickness error or bring about light and shade streaks on the surface of steel strip were studied. CM04 temper mill, a typical complicated electromechanical system, was taken as object of study to explore electromechanical coupling facts in complicated electromechanical system. Four modes of electromechanical coupling and their acting principle and law were expounded. Some suggests and measures were put forward for designing of a class of complicated electromechanical system.

MicroRNA-760 acts as a tumor suppressor in gastric cancer development via inhibiting G-protein-coupled receptor kinase interacting protein-1 transcription

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)has become a serious threat to people's health.Accumulative evidence reveals that dysregulation of numerous microRNAs(miRNAs)has been found during malignant formation.So far,the role of microRNA-760(miR-760)in the development of GC is largely unknown.AIM To measure the expression level of miR-760 in GC and investigate its role in gastric tumorigenesis.METHODS Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were used to measure the expression of miR-760 and G-protein-coupled receptor kinase interacting protein-1(GIT1).Cell growth was detected by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide(MTT)and cell colony formation assays.Apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometric analysis.The relationship between miR-760 and GIT1 was verified by luciferase reporter assay.RESULTS The results showed that the expression of miR-760 was decreased in GC and associated with poor clinical outcomes in GC patients.Furthermore,miR-760 restrained cell proliferation and cell colony formation and induced apoptosis in GC cells.In addition,miR-760 directly targeted GIT1 and negatively regulated its expression in GC.GIT1 was upregulated in GC and predicted a worse prognosis in GC patients.We also found that upregulation of GIT1 weakened the inhibitory CONCLUSION In conclusion,miR-760 targets GIT1 to inhibit cell growth and promote apoptosis in GC cells.Our data demonstrate that miR-760 may be a potential target for the treatment of GC.

Size-dependent effect on biaxial and shear nonlinear buckling analysis of nonlocal isotropic and orthotropic micro-plate based on surface stress and modified couple stress theories using differential quadrature method

The size-dependent effect on the biaxial and shear nonlinear buckling analysis of an isotropic and orthotropic micro-plate based on the surface stress, the modified couple stress theory （MCST）, and the nonlocal elasticity theories using the differential quadrature method （DQM） is presented. Main advantages of the MCST over the classical theory （CT） are the inclusion of the asymmetric couple stress tensor and the consideration of only one material length scale parameter. Based on the nonlinear von Karman assumption, the governing equations of equilibrium for the micro-classical plate consid- ering midplane displacements are derived based on the minimum principle of potential energy. Using the DQM, the biaxial and shear critical buckling loads of the micro-plate for various boundary conditions are obtained. Accuracy of the obtained results is validated by comparing the solutions with those reported in the literature. A parametric study is conducted to show the effects of the aspect ratio, the side-to-thickness ratio, Eringen＇s nonlocal parameter, the material length scale parameter, Young＇s modulus of the surface layer, the surface residual stress, the polymer matrix coefficients, and various boundary conditions on the dimensionless uniaxial, biaxial, and shear critical buckling loads. The results indicate that the critical buckling loads are strongly sensitive to Eringen＇s nonlocal parameter, the material length scale parameter, and the surface residual stress effects, while the effect of Young＇s modulus of the surface layer on the critical buckling load is negligible. Also, considering the size dependent effect causes the increase in the stiffness of the orthotropic micro-plate. The results show that the critical biaxial buckling load increases with an increase in G12/E2 and vice versa for E1/E2. It is shown that the nonlinear biaxial buckling ratio decreases as the aspect ratio increases and vice versa for the buckling amplitude. Because of the most lightweight micro-composite materials with high strength/weight and stiffness/weight ratios, it is anticipated that the results of the present work are useful in experimental characterization of the mechanical properties of micro-composite plates in the aircraft industry and other engineering applications.

Cathode position effects on microwave discharge cusped field thruster

The microwave discharge cusped field thruster is a novel concept of electric micropropulsion device,which operatesμN level thrust in low mass flow rate conditions,making use of a coaxial transmission line resonator.With its advantages of low thrust noise and high thrust resolution over a wide range of thrust,the thruster has emerged as a candidate thruster for the space-borne gravitational wave detection mission.The cathode effects commonly exist in many kinds of electric propulsion,and they are typically significant in micropropulsions.In order to find out the cathode position effects on a microwave discharge cusped field thruster,a thermionic cathode is mounted on a cross-slider for coupling.Under different cathode positions,the plume is analyzed by a Faraday probe and a retarding potential analyzer to analyze the performance and discharge characteristics.The results show that the magnetic mirror effect leads to significant degradation of anode current and an increase in low-energy ion ratio as the cathode moves away from the thruster exit.The electron conduction route also significantly impacts anode current efficiency,related to the cathode-exit distance and the thruster magnetic topology.

A Monolithic, FEM-Based Approach for the Coupled Squeeze Film Problem of an Oscillating Elastic Micro-Plate Using 3D 27-Node Elements

In this study we describe an FEM-based methodology to solve the coupled fluid-structure problem due to squeeze film effects present in vibratory MEMS devices, such as resonators, gyroscopes, and acoustic transducers. The aforementioned devices often consist of a plate-like structure that vibrates normal to a fixed substrate, and is generally not perfectly vacuum packed. This results in a thin film of air being sandwiched between the moving plate and the fixed substrate, which behaves like a squeeze film offering both stiffness and damping. Typically, such structures are actuated electro-statically, necessitating the thin air gap for improving the efficiency of actuation and the sensitivity of detection. To accurately model these devices the squeeze film effect must be incorporated. Extensive literature is present on mod- eling squeeze film effects for rigid motion for both perforated as well as non-perforated plates. Studies which model the plate elasticity often use approximate mode shapes as input to the 2D Reynolds Equation. Recent works which try to solve the coupled fluid elasticity problem, report iterative FEM-based solution strategies for the 2D Reynolds Equation coupled with the 3D elasticity Equation. In this work we present a FEM-based single step solution for the coupled problem at hand, using only one type of element (27 node 3D brick). The structure is modeled with 27 node brick elements of which the lowest layer of nodes is also treated as the fluid domain (2D) and the integrals over fluid domain are evaluated for these nodes only. We also apply an electrostatic loading to our model by considering an equivalent electro-static pressure load on the top surface of the structure. Thus we solve the coupled 2D-fluid-3D-structure problem in a single step, using only one element type. The FEM results show good agreement with both existing analytical solutions and published experimental data.

温湿耦合循环对SBS改性沥青胶浆的性能影响

为探究SBS改性沥青胶浆在自然环境中受到温度和湿度共同作用下的性能变化,模拟温湿耦合循环环境进行室内试验。在不同温度区间的循环条件下,采用锥入度试验、软化点试验、延度试验、布氏旋转黏度试验和双边缺口拉伸试验评价SBS改性沥青胶浆的宏观性能变化;结合红外光谱测试,从化学成分角度探究其性能变化机理。研究结果表明:随着温湿耦合循环次数增加,SBS改性沥青胶浆出现变硬、变脆等老化现象,其宏观性能发生衰退;在相同试验条件下,温度区间的温差越大,对胶浆性能的影响越大;在温湿耦合循环后,SBS改性沥青胶浆的亚砜基指数增大,丁二烯指数下降。

提高微腔孤子光频梳泵浦能量转换效率技术研究进展

分析了孤子微梳泵浦能量转换效率低的原因,介绍了目前已提出的几种提高孤子微梳泵浦光能量转换效率的技术方案,包括激发孤子晶体光梳利用多孤子结构、正常-反常色散双腔耦合泵浦光循环存储结构、微腔-光纤/波导环泵浦光反馈耦合干涉结构、主-副微环腔耦合超模谐振峰劈裂结构等,并分析了这些方案的优缺点。在此基础上,给出了本课题组对反馈耦合腔的优化设计,仿真模拟结果显示,单孤子微梳的泵浦光转换效率可超过25%。最后,对孤子微梳的低能耗产生方案作出总结和展望,为微腔孤子光频梳泵浦能量转换效率提高技术的发展与应用提供理论参考。

基于液压放大的压电微动平台设计与试验

针对传统微动平台难以满足微/纳米定位的要求,该文结合液压放大原理,提出一种基于液压放大的两自由度压电微动平台,并对其进行了结构设计。采用正交设计方法对其进行有限元双向流固耦合分析,优化了其结构参数。研制了实物样机并进行试验研究。开环控制试验结果表明,当压电驱动器输入为90μm时,压电微动平台最大输出位移为603.0μm,放大倍数约为6.7;闭环控制试验结果表明,采用分段微分、积分、比例(PID)算法能降低超调量,且响应时间、稳态时间均减小,稳态误差降低(为±0.2μm),实现了微动平台的大范围输出精密定位。

基于微能量收集的电力设备无线测温技术研究

针对电力设备无线测温技术的需求,文中设计了一种基于新型磁电发电装置的无线温度在线监测系统。该系统利用电力系统周围的杂散磁场为整套无线监测系统供电,并设计了新型压电摩擦耦合悬臂梁结构以提高磁场能收集的效率,同时温度测量模块采用低通滤波提高收集灵敏度,采用低主频工作模式及定时唤醒功能降低信号处理和传输能耗,兼具低功耗的温度采集功能和电气隔离的数据传输能力,保证整套设备的稳定可靠运行。实验测得电源模块在4 Oe,50 Hz的交变磁场下可产生峰峰值开路电压160 V,短路电流14μA整流后输出3.3 V稳定电压,在该电源供电下无线测温装置每5 s可收发一次温度数据。

Nonlinear static characteristics of piezoelectric unimorph bending micro actuators

The nonlinear static characteristic of a piezoelectric unimorph cantilever micro actuator driven by a strong applied electric field is studied based on the couple stress theory.The cantilever actuator consists of a piezoelectric layer,a passive（elastic）layer and two electrode layers.First,the nonlinear static characteristic of the actuator caused by the electrostriction of the piezoelectric layer under a strong applied electric field is analyzed using the Rayleigh-Ritz method.Secondly,since the thickness of the cantilever beam is in micro scale and there exists a size effect,the size dependence of the deformation behavior is evaluated using the couple stress theory.The results show that the nonlinearities of the beam deflection increase along with the increase of the applied electric field which means that softening of the micro beam rigidity exists when a strong external electric field is applied.Meanwhile,the optimal value of the thickness ratio for the passive layer and the piezoelectric layer is not around 1.0 which is usually adopted by some previous researchers.Since there exists a size effect of the micro beam deflection,the optimal value of this thickness ratio should be greater than 1.0 in micro scale.

长方形微织构多参数耦合对油膜性能的影响

表面微织构在摩擦润滑方面具有优秀的性能表现,被广泛应用于轴承润滑、刀具减阻等领域。目前国内外研究主要集中在单因素对有摩擦能的影响,对多因素耦合作用的分析较少。针对表面微织构单因素以及多参数耦合对油膜润滑性能的影响,采用ansys软件建立流体仿真模型。利用响应曲面法对影响油膜性能的微织构间距、深度以及宽长比等主要参数进行优化设计。研究发现,微织构单因素以及多参数耦合影响主要源于流体动压效应、空化效应以及涡流的产生。采用回归方程进行参数优化的结果,相较于无织构油膜表面压力提升83.7%,摩擦系数降低48.8%。

跨尺度结构智能优化方法与快速设计

跨尺度拓扑优化设计极大激发了结构轻量化潜力,在先进装备的开发中具有重要作用。然而基于传统有限元的结构拓扑优化算法难以适应产品快速迭代的需求。为此,本文提出了一种基于耦合深度学习的跨尺度拓扑优化方法,通过集成残差神经网络(Resnet)、U-net架构及SEnet中的注意力机制,建立快速生成双尺度拓扑结构的深度学习模型。模型训练数据利用双向渐进结构优化算法产生,并用一组全新的数据对模型进行测试。数值算例表明,本文提出的深度学习模型可以高效且准确的生成基于各种边界下的宏观材料分布与微观拓扑结构。

长波红外差分干涉仪光栅低温安装结构设计与优化

长波红外差分干涉仪在低温工况下会因光学元件受到非均匀应力作用产生干涉条纹的畸变,从而降低干涉仪系统性能。本文为解决低温工况干涉条纹弯曲畸变问题,基于长波红外差分干涉仪光机系统进行了干涉条纹畸变影响因素分析,结合光-机-热耦合分析方法,对干涉仪系统低温工作状态进行仿真。随后设计了针对影响条纹畸变的关键元件——光栅元件的低温微应力动态稳定支撑安装结构,结构优化后的光栅表面面形均方根(Root Mean Square,RMS)值为3.89×10^(-2) nm,面形峰谷值(Peak to Valley,PV)值为2.21×10^(-1) nm,分别较优化前初始系统的分析结果减小了5个数量级,系统仿真干涉条纹畸变小于1个探测器像元。全系统低温验证试验表明,优化结构可有效抑制干涉条纹畸变,畸变量小于2个探测器像元,试验与仿真计算结果一致性较好,验证了优化分析方法的有效性。该优化方案对提升反射式光学系统结构低温稳定性,提高系统工作能力有较大意义和价值。

铝合金板阵列微结构零件电磁冲击液压成形研究

目的解决室温条件下因铝合金塑性流动不均而导致的零件开裂和尺寸偏差等问题。方法利用高速冲击提高材料成形极限以及流体均匀载荷精确控形的优势,提出了电磁冲击液压工艺并实现了铝合金阵列结构零件的成形,采用实验手段研究了放电电压和放电次数对零件贴模精度和厚度分布的影响。结果随着放电电压的增大,零件的成形深度增大。在单次放电8kV下,板料最大成形深度达到模具深度的97%,连续3次放电8kV后,零件通道填充率达到89.7%。建立了与物理实验模型一致的电磁-流体-结构的多物理场耦合仿真模型,发现冲击液体对板料施加的瞬态压强超过200MPa,板料最大变形速度达到40.5m/s。模拟得到的板料变形轮廓与实验结果一致,证明了多物理场耦合仿真模型的准确性。结论电磁冲击液压成形是一种新型的高速成形方法,能够实现铝合金阵列微结构零件的精确制造,为提高复杂薄壁难变形构件的成形性能和精度提供了新的技术手段。