The green high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation techniques of integrated management of water and fertilizer for maize under mulch drip irrigation are described from the aspects of high yield target of maize and i...The green high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation techniques of integrated management of water and fertilizer for maize under mulch drip irrigation are described from the aspects of high yield target of maize and its component factor indexes,pre-sowing preparation,sowing,post-sowing management,field management at the seedling stage,integrated management of water and fertilizer for target yield of maize,rational application of micro-fertilizer,comprehensive prevention and control of diseases and pests,timely harvest,etc.,in order to provide a reference for agricultural technicians,maize farmers and maize industry development in northern Xinjiang.展开更多
[Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the effects of irrigation and fertilization on population structure and yield of wheat.[Methods]With Shannong 29 as an experimental material,the effects of irrigati...[Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the effects of irrigation and fertilization on population structure and yield of wheat.[Methods]With Shannong 29 as an experimental material,the effects of irrigation and fertilization on population,dry matter accumulation and yield of wheat were studied.[Results]Integrated water-saving irrigation and fertilization of ridged field was the best with the highest population,dry matter accumulation and yield of wheat.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for high-yield and high-efficiency wheat production with saved water and fertilizers.展开更多
[Objectives] This study aimed to compare the effects of water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation modes and traditional fertilization mode on growth,yield,production costs and economic benefit of sugarcane in latoso...[Objectives] This study aimed to compare the effects of water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation modes and traditional fertilization mode on growth,yield,production costs and economic benefit of sugarcane in latosolic red soil of Guangxi. [Methods]A field test was conducted. [Results] The agronomic traits and comprehensive economic benefit of sugarcane under the water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation modes were superior to those under the traditional fertilization mode. Among them,the comprehensive economic benefit of sugarcane with special granular fertilizer as the base fertilizer and water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation as topdressing were the highest,increased by 15 813 kg/ha,an increase of 15. 8%. Considering the cost input,the comprehensive economic benefit increased by 5 676 yuan/ha. [Conclusions]Taking the production cost,economic benefit and input-output ratio into account,it is recommended to promote the application of water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation mode in bases with water and fertilizer equipment conditions.展开更多
[目的]探究三七土壤钾素、pH值对不同水肥处理的响应以及提高三七产量和品质的最佳水肥制度。[方法]以试验区云南省红河哈尼族彝族自治州泸西县大栗树村种植区三七为研究对象,试验设置4个施肥水平,施肥总量均为480 kg/hm^(2),根据苗期...[目的]探究三七土壤钾素、pH值对不同水肥处理的响应以及提高三七产量和品质的最佳水肥制度。[方法]以试验区云南省红河哈尼族彝族自治州泸西县大栗树村种植区三七为研究对象,试验设置4个施肥水平,施肥总量均为480 kg/hm^(2),根据苗期、花期、果期和根增重期的施肥占比不同,分别记为:F1(25%∶25%∶25%∶25%)、F2(25%∶30%∶20%∶25%)、F3(30%∶30%∶15%∶25%)、F4(40%∶20%∶10%∶30%);设置3个灌水水平W1(200m^(3)/hm^(2))、W2(300m^(3)/hm^(2))、W3(400m^(3)/hm^(2)),设置对照试验(CK),其灌水量为92 m^(3)/hm^(2),施肥总量为480 kg/hm^(2),各生育期施肥比例为苗期∶花期∶果期∶根增重期=25%∶25%∶25%∶25%。分析13种水肥制度下土壤钾素和pH值变化规律,以及钾素、pH值、三七产量、品质、水分利用效率和肥料偏生产力的影响,运用优劣解距离法(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution, TOPSIS)对各处理进行综合品质评价,探究三七最优水肥制度。[结果](1)相同灌水水平和施肥比例下,土壤pH值随土层增加而降低,随生育期增加变化小;随生育期增加和施肥的不同无明显变化规律;相同灌溉水平下,三七土壤pH值均小于对应CK。三七所有生育期0~60 cm土层13种处理pH值范围为4.80~8.66,结合三七最适土壤pH值,W3F1、W2F4处理和W2F3处理适宜三七生长。(2)相同处理土壤全钾量和速效钾量随土层增加而减小;0~60 cm土层全钾量平均值随生育期的增加而增加,速效钾量平均值先减小后增加,全钾量平均值随灌水水平增加而减小,速效钾量平均值先增加后减小,全钾量平均值随施肥比例不同先减小后增加,速效钾量平均值先增加后减小。不同生育期吸钾规律为:果期>花期>根增重期>苗期,W2F3处理为钾素中最优处理,其全钾量和速效钾量为10.40g/kg和56.69mg/kg。(3)三七产量和肥料偏生产力随灌水水平的增加先增加后减小,水分利用效率随灌水水平的增加而减小,产量、水分利用效率和肥料偏生产力随施肥比例的不同而增加;皂苷R1、Rg1、Re、Rb1和Rd以及总皂苷量在W2处理下较高,综合得分表明三七品质在W2处理下较好,W2F3处理品质最优。其灌水水平为200 m^(3)/hm^(2),苗期、花期、果期和根增重期施肥量为144、144、72 kg/hm^(2)和120 kg/hm^(2)。[结论]本研究结合最适土壤p H值范围,钾素及三七产量品质分析,W2F3处理为最优水肥制度,有利于三七生长和根系有效成分积累,为实现三七绿色可持续发展具有重要理论及指导意义。展开更多
文摘The green high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation techniques of integrated management of water and fertilizer for maize under mulch drip irrigation are described from the aspects of high yield target of maize and its component factor indexes,pre-sowing preparation,sowing,post-sowing management,field management at the seedling stage,integrated management of water and fertilizer for target yield of maize,rational application of micro-fertilizer,comprehensive prevention and control of diseases and pests,timely harvest,etc.,in order to provide a reference for agricultural technicians,maize farmers and maize industry development in northern Xinjiang.
基金Supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFD0301001)Shandong Province Modern Agricultural Technology Wheat Innovation Team(SDAIT-04-022,SDAIT-01-08)Agricultural Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CXGC2016B01)。
文摘[Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the effects of irrigation and fertilization on population structure and yield of wheat.[Methods]With Shannong 29 as an experimental material,the effects of irrigation and fertilization on population,dry matter accumulation and yield of wheat were studied.[Results]Integrated water-saving irrigation and fertilization of ridged field was the best with the highest population,dry matter accumulation and yield of wheat.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for high-yield and high-efficiency wheat production with saved water and fertilizers.
文摘[Objectives] This study aimed to compare the effects of water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation modes and traditional fertilization mode on growth,yield,production costs and economic benefit of sugarcane in latosolic red soil of Guangxi. [Methods]A field test was conducted. [Results] The agronomic traits and comprehensive economic benefit of sugarcane under the water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation modes were superior to those under the traditional fertilization mode. Among them,the comprehensive economic benefit of sugarcane with special granular fertilizer as the base fertilizer and water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation as topdressing were the highest,increased by 15 813 kg/ha,an increase of 15. 8%. Considering the cost input,the comprehensive economic benefit increased by 5 676 yuan/ha. [Conclusions]Taking the production cost,economic benefit and input-output ratio into account,it is recommended to promote the application of water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation mode in bases with water and fertilizer equipment conditions.
文摘[目的]探究三七土壤钾素、pH值对不同水肥处理的响应以及提高三七产量和品质的最佳水肥制度。[方法]以试验区云南省红河哈尼族彝族自治州泸西县大栗树村种植区三七为研究对象,试验设置4个施肥水平,施肥总量均为480 kg/hm^(2),根据苗期、花期、果期和根增重期的施肥占比不同,分别记为:F1(25%∶25%∶25%∶25%)、F2(25%∶30%∶20%∶25%)、F3(30%∶30%∶15%∶25%)、F4(40%∶20%∶10%∶30%);设置3个灌水水平W1(200m^(3)/hm^(2))、W2(300m^(3)/hm^(2))、W3(400m^(3)/hm^(2)),设置对照试验(CK),其灌水量为92 m^(3)/hm^(2),施肥总量为480 kg/hm^(2),各生育期施肥比例为苗期∶花期∶果期∶根增重期=25%∶25%∶25%∶25%。分析13种水肥制度下土壤钾素和pH值变化规律,以及钾素、pH值、三七产量、品质、水分利用效率和肥料偏生产力的影响,运用优劣解距离法(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution, TOPSIS)对各处理进行综合品质评价,探究三七最优水肥制度。[结果](1)相同灌水水平和施肥比例下,土壤pH值随土层增加而降低,随生育期增加变化小;随生育期增加和施肥的不同无明显变化规律;相同灌溉水平下,三七土壤pH值均小于对应CK。三七所有生育期0~60 cm土层13种处理pH值范围为4.80~8.66,结合三七最适土壤pH值,W3F1、W2F4处理和W2F3处理适宜三七生长。(2)相同处理土壤全钾量和速效钾量随土层增加而减小;0~60 cm土层全钾量平均值随生育期的增加而增加,速效钾量平均值先减小后增加,全钾量平均值随灌水水平增加而减小,速效钾量平均值先增加后减小,全钾量平均值随施肥比例不同先减小后增加,速效钾量平均值先增加后减小。不同生育期吸钾规律为:果期>花期>根增重期>苗期,W2F3处理为钾素中最优处理,其全钾量和速效钾量为10.40g/kg和56.69mg/kg。(3)三七产量和肥料偏生产力随灌水水平的增加先增加后减小,水分利用效率随灌水水平的增加而减小,产量、水分利用效率和肥料偏生产力随施肥比例的不同而增加;皂苷R1、Rg1、Re、Rb1和Rd以及总皂苷量在W2处理下较高,综合得分表明三七品质在W2处理下较好,W2F3处理品质最优。其灌水水平为200 m^(3)/hm^(2),苗期、花期、果期和根增重期施肥量为144、144、72 kg/hm^(2)和120 kg/hm^(2)。[结论]本研究结合最适土壤p H值范围,钾素及三七产量品质分析,W2F3处理为最优水肥制度,有利于三七生长和根系有效成分积累,为实现三七绿色可持续发展具有重要理论及指导意义。
