Research on the process of fabricating a multi-layer metal micro-structure based on UV-LIGA overlay technology

In this paper,we report the study of the process of fabricating a multi-layermetal micro-structure using UV-LIGA overlay technology,includingmask fabrication,substrate treatment,and UV-LIGA overlay processes.To solve the process problems in the masking procedure,the swelling problemof the first layer of SU-8 thick photoresist was studied experimentally.The 5μmline-width compensation and closed 20μmand 30μmisolation strips were designed and fabricated around the micro-structure pattern.The pore problemin the Ni micro-electroforming layer was analyzed and the electroforming parameters were improved.The pH value of the electroforming solution should be controlled between 3.8 and 4.4 and the current density should be below 3 A/dm^2.To solve the problems of high inner stress and incomplete development of the micro-cylinder hole array with a diameter of 30μm,the lithography process was optimized.The pre-baking temperature was increased via gradient heating and rose every 5℃ from 65℃ to 85℃ and then remained at 85℃ for 50 min–1 h.In addition,the full contact exposure was used.Finally,a multi-layer metal micro-structure with high precision and good quality of microelectroforming layer was fabricated using UV-LIGA overlay technology.

Research on Nanofabrication Technology of Micro-/Nano-Stereo Rapid Prototyping of PCVD

At present, the most common micro/nano-scale fabri ca tion processes include the plane silicon process based on IC technology, stereo silicon process, LIGA, quasi-LIGA based on near ultra violet deep lithography, MEMS, energy beam etching and micro/nano-machining, etc. A common problem for t hese processes is the difficulty to fabricate arbitrary form for 3-dimensional micro/nano-parts, devices or mechanisms. To develop advanced MEMS manufacturin g technology, and to achieve fabrication of true 3-dimensional parts, devices or mechanisms, this paper proposes a nanofabrication technology for rapid proto typing of 3-dimensional parts, using plasma chemical vapor deposition (PCVD). This process can be describes as follows: A laser beam is produced by a low power, quasi molecule laser. It enters the vac uum chamber through a window, and is focused on with the substrate surface. A ga s in the chamber is ionized by the laser beam to produce PCVD on the substrate s urface, and forms a particle of the size of Ф100 nm (its thickness is about 100 nm). When the laser beam moves along X-axis, many particles form a line. Then the laser beam moves one step in Y-axis to form a new line. A plane is complete d by many lines. Then the substrate moves in Z-axis to form new plane. Eventu ally, many planes form a 3-dimensional component. Using available CAD/CAM softw are with this process, rapid prototyping of complex components can be achieved. A nanometer precision linear motor, such as that described in Chinese national p atent (patent No. ZL 98 2 16753.9), can be used to obtain the nanometer precisio n movements in the process. The process does not require mask, can be used for v arious rapid prototyping materials, to obtain high fabrication precision (its sc ale precision is 15 nm), and larger ratio of height to width of micro/nano-stru cture. It can find widespread applications in the fabrication of micro-mechani sm, trimming IC, and fabricating minilens, etc.

基于Micro-CT评价超声骨焊接技术PDLLA材料对骨愈合性能的影响

目的采用微焦点断层扫描(Micro-CT)评价超声骨焊接技术应用过程中超声震荡产热作用下PDLLA材料对骨愈合性能的影响。方法选择SPF级雄性新西兰大白兔36只,随机分为超声骨焊接技术辅助PDLLA材料组(A组)、拧入技术辅助PDLLA材料组(B组)、假手术组(C组)、空白对照组(D组),各9只。于术后4、8、12周取下颌骨标本,周围骨组织进行HE染色,观察各组植入钉周围情况。对术后4、8、12周的下颌骨大体标本拍摄Micro-CT图,使用VG Studio MAX软件进行三维重建,摆正数据样本,即颌骨颊侧造模处为轴向,动态分析植入钉体积、植入钉周围200μm环状区及骨缺损处的植入材料体积数、相对骨体积分数(BV/TV)、骨小梁厚度(Tb.Th)、骨小梁数(Tb.N)、骨小梁间隙(Tb.Sp)等骨愈合相关指标。结果HE染色结果显示,按3个时间可动态观察到A、B、C组骨缺损处骨性骨痂替代纤维性骨痂,形成类骨质,编织骨的过程符合正常骨损伤愈合的过程。Micro-CT结果显示,A、B组术后3个时间点的材料体积比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);在3个时间点,4组植入钉周围200μm环状区中BV/TV、Tb.Th、Tb.N、Tb.Sp比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);在骨缺损处,A、B、C组三个时间点BV/TV、Tb.Th、Tb.N、Tb.Sp比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后4周,与D组比较,A、B、C组BV/TV、Tb.Th、Tb.N、Tb.Sp差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与C组比较,A、B组Tb.N差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。术后8周,与D组比较,A、B、C组BV/TV、Tb.Th、Tb.N、Tb.Sp差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后12周,与D组比较,A、B、C组BV/TV、Tb.Th、Tb.Sp差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论超声骨焊接技术其超声震荡产热作用下PDLLA材料对骨愈合性能无不良影响。

Research and test of the adaptive quadrature demodulation technology for silicon micro-machined gyroscope

A program of adaptive quadrature demodulation is proposed to supply the gaps in the traditional analog detection technology of a silicon micro-machined gyroscope (SMG). This program is suitable for digital phase locked loop (DPLL) drive technology that proposed in other papers. In addition the program adopts an adaptive filtering algorithm, which selects the in-phase and quadrature components that are outputs of the DPLL of the SMG's drive mode as reference signals to update the amplitude of the in-phase and quadrature components of the input signal by iteratively. An objective of the program is to minimize the mean square error of the accurate amplitudes and the estimated amplitudes of SMG's detection mode. The simulation and test results prove the feasibility of the program that lays the foundation for the further improvement of the SMG's system performance and the implementation of the SMG system's self-calibration and self-demarcation in future.

Study of Multi-Function Micro-Plasma Spraying Technology

A multi-functional micro-arc plasma spraying system was developed according to aerodynamics and plasma spray theory. The soft switch IGBT （Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor） invert technique, micro-computer control technique, convergent-divergent nozzle structure and axial powder feeding techniques have been adopted in the design of the micro-arc plasma spraying system. It is not only characterized by a small volume, a light weight, highly accurate control, high deposition efficiency and high reliability, but also has multi-functions in plasma spraying, welding and quenching. The experimental results showed that the system can produce a supersonic flame at a low power, spray Al2O3 particles at an average speed up to 430 m/s, and make nanostructured AT13 coatings with an average bonding strength of 42.7 MPa. Compared to conventional 9M plasma spraying with a higher power, the coatings with almost the same properties as those by conventional plasma spray can be deposited by multi-functional micro-arc plasma spraying with a lower power plasma arc due to an improved power supply design, spray gun structure and powder feeding method. Moreover, this system is suitable for working with thin parts and undertaking on site repairs, and as a result, the application of plasma spraying will be greatly extended.

The application of data mining technology in data service of micro service architecture

This paper introduces the application of data mining technology in data service. Data mining is a new technology, but its application time is long, and the application effect is obvious. Data mining technology can be used in enterprise customer service system, which can help enterprises to find potential customers, while retaining the most valuable customers. We pointed out the necessity of establishing data mining technology and service intelligence analysis system based on the combination of intelligence analysis and service characteristics and processes, the method of data mining, knowledge management ideas applied to intelligence analysis and service system.

钙钛矿量子点色转换Micro-LEDs:稳定性与图案化研究进展

微型发光二极管(Micro light-emitting diode,Micro-LED)显示具有优异的显示性能和光电性质,被称为“下一代”终极显示技术。为了满足近眼显示需求,Micro-LED需要进一步微缩与集成化。随着微纳级图案化技术的不断革新,荧光色转换层法表现出低制造成本等显著优势,相较于三色芯片法,更适合应用于对色域、分辨率有更高要求的虚拟/增强现实显示应用。钙钛矿量子点是最有前景的荧光色转换材料,然而自身晶格固有的不稳定性和外界环境因素刺激共同导致的结构降解是一大问题。另外,如何制备与Micro-LED芯片阵列相匹配的微米级荧光阵列图案是至关重要的。为此,本文首先讲述了造成钙钛矿量子点结构不稳定性的原因,其次,总结了配体交换、离子掺杂、表面包覆和化学交联等方案在提升钙钛矿量子点稳定性方面的应用,最后,总结了光刻技术和喷墨打印技术在制备高分辨率钙钛矿量子点荧光阵列的最新研究进展。

A Protocol to Develop Phenolic Emulsifiers Used in Micro-surface by Control Technology

The phenolic emulsifiers used in emulsified asphalt of micro-surfacing, which was the most important tools in the road maintenance, were investigated by control technology. Many factors influencing this reaction were studied and three kinds of phenolic emulsifiers were prepared without catalyst in ethanol. The performance was researched that 2-（{2-[2-（2-Amino-ethylamino）-ethylamino]-ethyl-amino}-methyl）-4- nonyl-phenol （abbreviated as TETA） could be used in micro-surface. With addition of 0.5 % demulsifier, the mixing time was extended to 120 seconds obviously, and the cohesion torque （60 min） was 2.8 N＊m, which satisfied the opening traffic time shorter than 1 h. The wet track abrasion （6 d） was lower than 807 g/m2, with interracial modifier added, but the load wheel was increased with interfacial modifier increasing. When the TETA： demulsifier： interracial modifier =3：1：3, excellent performance was obtained and the experimental results met the International Slurry Surfacing Association （ISSA） standard. The synthesis process of this emulsifier is simple and the performance used in micro-surface was excellent, so this kind of emulsifier could have a better application future.

Application of Green Technology Using Biological Means for the Adsorption of Micro-Pollutants in Water

It is true that the world we have today is not the world we use to know. The Covid-19 pandemic has paralyzed all sector, hence the need for safety and enabling environment for mankind is of high importance. Adsorption technology is far the best and cheapest treatment technology for water and has extensively proven its worth for the uptake of micro-pollutant from surface, ground and water which are the major channels of home water. Over the years activated carbon is considered as the most common and universally used adsorbent for the eradication of different types of micro-pollutants from water. The contamination of surface water by micro-pollutant is a potential threat for the production of high quality and safe drinking water. Adsorption operation onto granulated activated carbon (GAC) in fixed-bed filters is often applied as a remedying step in the synthesis of safe and drinkable water. Activated carbon actively tends to act as a carrier material for a thin usually resistant layer of microorganisms (mostly bacteria) that forms on the coat of various surfaces (biofilm), hence biological simplification can be an alternative removal approach that can be adopted in granulated activated carbon filters. To evaluate the capacity of biofilm to biologically simplify micro-pollutants, it is very imperative to distinguish adsorption from biological simplification (biodegradation) as a removal mechanism. Experiment was carried out under the operating condition of a temperature range of 6?C to 20?C with biologically activated and autoclaved GAC to assess the biological simplification by the biofilm adsorbed on the GAC surface. Five micro-pollutants were selected as model compounds, of which some of them were biologically simplified by the GAC biofilm. Additionally, we observed that temperature can increase or decrease adsorption. Conclusively, comparison was made on the adsorption capacity of granulated activated carbon used for more than 50,000 beds.

The Rapid Development of Technology in Making Iron Clamps of Three Ancient Temples in the Archaic and Classical Period

A few years ago, the present author had the opportunity to study the iron clamps of the archaic and classical temples. This research led to very interesting results concerning the development of technology applied in making those clamps and what is more its rapid evolution in a very short period. For instance, the technology in making the clamps of Parthenon and those of the Epikourios Apollo differs completely, although the latter was erected by the same engineer, Iktinos. Actually, it is a revolutionary one as compared with that applied in the erection of Parthenon. The paper starts by examining the making of the archaic Trapeza iron clamps and continue with those of the Parthenon and the Epikourios Apollo.

Technology Readiness of a Vertical-Axis Hydro-Kinetic Turbine

In this paper, the development of a vertical axis hydrokinetic twin turbine for harvesting energy from flowing water in man-made channels is described. The Technology Readiness Level (TRL) assessment procedure, developed by NASA and modified by the US Department of Energy, is followed and it is shown that the hydrokinetic turbine successfully reaches TRL 7, which is a full-scale, similar (prototypical) system demonstrated in a relevant environment. The concept of the twin turbine (TRL 1 - 3) is first validated and tested using a 1:10 scale laboratory model at Cardiff University and efficiencies of up to 75% are achieved (TRL 4 - 5). In order to justify system functionality and performance in a relevant environment as well as up-scalability, a 1:3 scale model of the twin turbine is implemented and tested in a discharge channel of a water treatment plant in Atlanta, thereby achieving TRL6. This paved the way for an application in the form of an array of ten full-scale twin turbine prototypes, including all relevant components such as housing, drive-train, gear-box and generator. Successful deployment and testing in the South Boulder Canal near Denver means that the hydrokinetic twin turbine system reached TRL7.

The Application of Multimedia Technology in High School Reading Class

With the development of multimedia technology and the application of multimedia technology,especially the conversion of the reading material into micro-movie in English reading class,a good way to develop the comprehensive abilities of students simultaneously has been found.This teaching method is not only good for students,but also benefits teachers’teaching on different aspects.So,the key point of this essay is to introduce this teaching method for our English teachers,at the same time,this essay will show some principles of this teaching method and also there will be some examples for the specific conversion of reading material.

基于Ⅲ族氮化物的Micro⁃LED挑战及潜在解决方案

Micro-LED的发展被认为是世界上发展最快的显示技术之一,它在可见光通信应用、大型平板显示、虚拟现实及可穿戴显示、电视和照明、光遗传学和神经界面的光源等各个领域中应用广泛。尽管发展前景光明,但Micro-LED仍面临一些技术问题需要解决,以实现大规模商业化。主要技术问题包括提高长波长LED效率、提高低电流密度下的效率、全色彩方案、巨量转移、缺陷与良率管控、修复技术和成本控制。本文重点阐述了Micro-LED面临的不同挑战及其最佳解决方案。

超疏水表面加工技术及耐磨性能研究进展

当前制备的超疏水表面耐磨性能普遍较差,因而其在各领域的应用受到限制。研究表明微纳结构和低表面能是实现功能表面超疏水性能的关键因素,因此,首先基于超疏水表面作用机制,对超疏水表面织构进行了归纳,旨在通过优化表面织构来解决微纳结构易磨损难题;然后对超疏水表面加工技术进行了梳理总结,从成本和效率两个方面分析了降低表面能的措施,为拓展超疏水表面加工体系提供思路;进而详细总结了超疏水表面耐磨性的分析手段,并阐述了提高超疏水表面耐磨性的方法;最后,展望了耐磨性超疏水表面的未来发展前景,以期推动超疏水表面在工程中的大规模应用。

炒僵蚕鉴别方法研究

目的:基于显微鉴别技术、微量升华技术和薄层色谱技术,建立炒僵蚕饮片的鉴别方法。方法:依据显微鉴别法,对炒僵蚕粉末的显微特征进行描述;采用微量升华法,对炒僵蚕升华物结晶状态进行描述;采用薄层色谱法,僵蚕对照药材和伪品为对照,对炒僵蚕进行薄层色谱鉴别。结果:炒僵蚕粉末呈黄褐色,在显微镜下清晰可见菌丝体、体壁碎片、刚毛、未消化的桑叶组织、草酸钙簇晶、草酸钙方晶及导管等结构,与僵蚕对照药材类似;炒僵蚕的升华物呈霜花状、羽状结晶,与僵蚕对照药材类似;TLC图中,斑点清晰、专属性好。结论:该方法快速、易操作、专属性好,可作为炒僵蚕饮片的鉴别方法,并为提高鉴别标准提供参考。

极薄氧化锆贴面的研究进展

全瓷贴面修复是改善牙齿形态、色泽和排列的常用方法。随着口腔陶瓷材料和修复体加工方式的不断发展,微创/无创贴面修复是医生和患者对牙齿修复提出的共同要求。本文回顾了全瓷贴面的发展历程和应用现状,对极薄氧化锆贴面相关的新材料、新工艺做一介绍,并对其技术前景和临床效果进行展望。

可植入无线Micro LED光遗传学硬件设计

为将光遗传技术用于自由移动生物体的体内视觉神经调控,文中提出一种新的无线能量传输、可植入、光源参数可调、多通道的光遗传硬件结构。该硬件结构主要包括Micro LED阵列多通道光源、nRF52832控制器、光驱动电路、无线能量传输电路,硬件整体尺寸为18 mm×18 mm×2 mm,质量为1.54 g,满足轻量化植入的要求。其次,设计并流片Micro LED光源阵列,单颗光源的尺寸为60μm×60μm;并在此基础上为每颗光源设计光导,实现光导直径在10μm左右,能够完成神经元级的光刺激。最后,将光源阵列的参数与光源阵列组合,运用深度学习的方法进行优化,实现光源的最优刺激。实验结果表明,光源满足光遗传的要求。

微塑料在黄河流域的污染现状与治理研究进展

我国是世界最大的塑料制品生产和消费国,而黄河流域人口密集,其水质安全极其重要。针对黄河流域水体中微塑料,通过调研大量黄河流域微塑料污染相关文献,从微塑料的来源特征、形状与粒径、空间与季节分布特征等方面系统归纳了黄河流域微塑料污染现状,结合不同地区人口密度、地理环境和季节变化进行深入分析,进一步对比了黄河流域和国内其他主要河流微塑料污染状况,结果表明:微塑料在黄河流域的丰度整体呈现西低东高的态势,黄河流域干流微塑料粒径大部分集中在200μm以下,黄河流域枯水期微塑料丰度大于丰水期的。此外,还系统阐述了微塑料的生物毒性及治理技术研究进展。

VR技术在微课实施过程中的应用——以企业纳税实务微课开发为例

微课是一种现代教育模式,在微课中利用VR等现代科技和信息化手段,能够让学生获得更丰富的学习体验。以企业纳税实务微课开发为例,在分析目前VR技术在微课中应用现状的基础上,探究VR技术应用到微课的基本策略,从而提高学习效果,有效推动教育的数字化建设,为今后相关微课的开发提供可借鉴的经验。

传统民居绿色营造经验的提炼识别与转译方法研究

传统民居建筑中葆有大量契合现代绿色建筑设计需求的营造技艺.但随着城镇化进程的快速推进,传统技艺与匠人传承体系逐步衰落甚至消失,营造智慧濒临失传.同时,由于传统民居并非是基于“绿色”前提来进行营造的,其建筑单体本身是非预设绿色标准的,因此隐藏在传统民居建筑中的绿色营造技艺具有散点、碎片式的分布特征,具有难发现、难梳理、难转译、难应用的特点.为解决此问题,课题提出一种“基于非预设标准单体的微技术集群”研究方法,整合分析多源信息,挖掘提炼数百项地域特色民居绿色营造经验并进行科学化转译,基于健康舒适、安全耐久、资源节约等绿色性能视角,从多点聚合到集群分类,基于不同的技术层次与技术环节,形成相应的“微技术链群”,实现传统民居绿色营建智慧的创造性转化与创新性发展.