Preparation and Mechanical Properties of Micro- and Nano-sized SiC/Fluoroelastomer Composites

Microand nano-sized SiC/fluoroelastomer （FKM） composites were prepared by a mechanical mixing method. These composites were first characterized by a rotorless rheometer. Then the effects of micro- and nano-sized SiC on hardness, static and dynamic mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. The increasing amount of the SiC filler increased the curing efficiency of the biphenyl curing system, which was evident from the rheometric properties of the resulting composites. The tensile properties of composite increased with the increasing of micro- and nano-sized SiC content. When the micro- and nano-sized SiC content was higher than 20 phr, the composites showed almost unchanged tensile properties. The increasing of the tensile property was mainly attributed to the well dispersed micro- and nano-sized SiC particles characterized by SEM images. Compared to pure FKM, the composites exhibited a higher glass transition temperature and lower tan peak value.

Overview of Computational Modeling in Nano/Micro Scaled Thin Films Mechanical Properties and Its Applications

This research reviews the application of computational mechanics on the properties of nano/micro scaled thin films,in which the application of different computational methods is included.The concept and fundamental theories of concerned applications,material behavior estimations,interfacial delamination behavior,strain engineering,and multilevel modeling are thoroughly discussed.Moreover,an example of an interfacial adhesion estimation is presented to systematically estimate the related mechanical reliability issue in the microelectronic industry.The presented results show that the peeled mode fracture is the dominant delamination behavior of layered material system,with high stiffness along the bonding interface.However,the shear mode fracture being dominated as the polymer cover plate with low moduli is considered.The occurrence of crack advance is also significantly influenced by the interfacial crack length and applied loading.Therefore,this paper could serve as a guideline of several engineering cases with the assistance of computational mechanics.

Comparison of mechanical properties in welded joint for CO_2 arc welding by using the micro－shear test and impact test

A micro shear testing method which can suit to measure the mechanical properties of heterogeneous materials is introduced, and the properties in each zone of welded joint for CO2 arc welding can be evaluated by using this method in this paper. Moreover, these results are compared with those results of Charpy V-notch impact test and their correlation is discussed.

Design and micro mechanical properties of nano-SiO_2 strengthened composite coatings towards remanufacturing

Nano-SiO2 particles strengthened Ni-based composite coating was designed and prepared on steel substrate. The structures and nanoparticle content of the nano-SiO2/Ni composite coating were determined by SEM, EDS and TEM; and the micro mechanical properties were tested by nano-indentation technique. The results show that 56% of particles in the solution are dispersed in size of less than 100nm, the content of nanoparticles co-deposited in the coating doubles and structure of the coating is more compact and uniform than that of Ni coating. Nano-SiO2/Ni coating exhibits excellent micro mechanical properties, and the nanohardness and elastic modulus are 7.81GPa and 198GPa, respectively, which are attributed to finer crystal strengthening, dispersion strengthening and high-density dislocation strengthening of nano-SiO2 particles to the composite coatings.

Ignition processes and characteristics of charring conductive polymers with a cavity geometry in precombustion chamber for applications in micro/nano satellite hybrid rocket motors

The arc ignition system based on charring polymers has advantages of simple structure,low ignition power consumption and multiple ignitions,which bringing it broadly application prospect in hybrid propulsion system of micro/nano satellite.However,charring polymers alone need a relatively high input voltage to achieve pyrolysis and ignition,which increases the burden and cost of the power system of micro/nano satellite in practical application.Adding conductive substance into charring polymers can effectively decrease the conducting voltage which can realize low voltage and low power consumption repeated ignition of arc ignition system.In this paper,a charring conductive polymer ignition grain with a cavity geometry in precombustion chamber,which is composed of PLA and multiwall carbon nanotubes(MWCNT)was proposed.The detailed ignition processes were analyzed and two different ignition mechanisms in the cavity of charring conductive polymers were revealed.The ignition characteristics of charring conductive polymers were also investigated at different input voltages,ignition grain structures,ignition locations and injection schemes in a visual ignition combustor.The results demonstrated that the ignition delay and external energy required for ignition were inversely correlated with the voltages applied to ignition grain.Moreover,the incremental depth of cavity shortened the ignition delay and external energy required for ignition while accelerated the propagation of flame.As the depth of cavity increased from 2 to 6 mm(at 50 V),the time of flame propagating out of ignition grain changed from 235.6 to 108 ms,and values of mean ignition delay time and mean external energy required for ignition decreased from 462.8 to 320 ms and 16.2 to 10.75 J,respectively.The rear side of the cavity was the ideal ignition position which had a shorter ignition delay and a faster flame propagation speed in comparison to other ignition positions.Compared to direct injection scheme,swirling injection provided a more favorable flow field environment in the cavity,which was beneficial to ignition and initial flame propagation,but the ignition position needed to be away from the outlet of swirling injector.At last,the repeated ignition characteristic of charring conductive polymers was also investigated.The ignition delay time and external energy required for ignition decreased with repeated ignition times but the variation was decreasing gradually.

Elastic modulus of claystone evaluated by nano-/micro-indentation tests and meso-compression tests

Toarcian claystone such as that of the Callovo-Oxfordian is a qualified multiphase material. The claystone samples tested in this study are composed of four main mineral phases: silicates(clay minerals, quartz,feldspars, micas)(z86%), sulphides(pyrite)(z3%), carbonates(calcite, dolomite)(z10%) and organic kerogen(z1%). Three sets of measurements of the modulus of deformability were compared as determined in(i) nanoindentation tests with a constant indentation depth of 2 mm,(ii) micro-indentation tests with a constant indentation depth of 20 mm, and(iii) meso-compression tests with a constant displacement of 200 mm. These three experimental methods have already been validated in earlier studies. The main objective of this study is to demonstrate the influence of the scaling effect on the modulus of deformability of the material. Different frequency distributions of the modulus of deformability were obtained at the different sample scales:(i) in nano-indentation tests, the distribution was spread between 15 GPa and 90 GPa and contained one peak at34 GPa and another at 51 GPa;(ii) in the micro-indentation tests, the distribution was spread between 25 GPa and 60 GPa and displayed peaks at 26 GPa and 37 GPa; and(iii) in the meso-compression tests, a narrow frequency distribution was obtained, ranging from 25 GPa to 50 GPa and with a maximum at around 35 GPa.

Lubrication Mechanism of Micro/Nano-particles on Sialon

The tribological properties of Sialon sliding against AISI52100 steel ball under the lubrication of solid particle additives, as micro-borate particle and nano-PbS particle, were evaluated by a SRV ball-on-disc test rig. The chemical composition of the worn surface was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The morphologies of the worn surfaces of Sialon were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that the particles can reduce the friction coefficient of the pairs and the wear volume of Sialon significantly. The wear resistance of micro-borate is superior to that of nano-PbS while the friction-reducing ability of PbS is better than that of borate. According to the XPS and SEM results, the wear resistance of PbS is mainly depended on the tribochemical film mainly composed of PbSO 4, which deposited on the worn surface with good bonding strength. No tribochemical reaction or deposited film was detected or observed on the worn surface of Sialon under the lubrication of borate, indicating that the possible physically deposited film generated from micro particle can also greatly reduce the wear volume of Sialon, though the friction reducing ability of which is inferior to that of nano PbS particle.

Mechanical Characterization and Micro-Wear of FeB-Fe₂B Layers on Boriding AISI D2 and AISI 4340 Steels

The mechanical behavior and wear of the different hardened phases with bore-induced changes in AISI 4340 and AISI D2 steels were investigated. The hardness and modulus of elasticity were measured by nanoindentation and the values obtained for the layers in AISI D2 steel were 18 GPa and 325 GPa in the Fe2B boride phase, and 20 GPa and 360 GPa in the FeB boride phase, respectively. The AISI 4340 steel presented mainly the Fe2B phase. It was then possible to analyze the coefficient of friction obtained in the Fe2B phase of the steel AISI 4340 presented a range of 0.04 to 0.06. The AISI D2 steel presents two different phases in the boride layer being the coefficient of friction higher for the test in the FeB phase than for Fe2B, and the values vary from 0.065 to 0.075. These parameters were obtained with micro-wear tests. No adhesion failures were observed after the sliding tests in the interface of the two different boride layers. Cracks in the FeB phase after the sliding test were much more frequent.

TPU/Nano-ZnO复合改性沥青的性能研究及微观机制

为促进聚合物/纳米改性沥青在耐久性路面中的应用,在实验室将不同掺量的聚氨酯及纳米氧化锌添加到A-70#基质沥青中制备了复合改性沥青。采用传统物理性能试验、动态剪切流变试验(DSR)、弯曲梁流变试验(BBR)研究了其物理性能与流变特性,基于响应面法的优化设计来明确两种改性剂的最佳掺量。借助傅里叶红外光谱试验(FTIR)对其微观改性机理进行探讨。采用高压紫外汞灯环境箱对改性沥青进行不同时间的紫外老化,分析其抗紫外老化能力,并基于主成分分析法评价了老化性能测试指标的显著性。结果表明:聚氨酯与纳米氧化锌的共同作用提高了基质沥青的高温稳定性及低温抗裂性,两种改性剂的最佳掺量分别为5%、3%。根据FTIR结果,复合改性沥青的改性过程既存在物理共混,又有化学加成反应。聚氨酯及纳米氧化锌的加入在基质沥青紫外老化过程中能够抑制羰基、亚砜基等极性基团的生成,复数剪切模量、羰基指数、劲度模量及亚砜基指数对沥青紫外老化性能的影响最为显著。

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND SIZE EFFECTS OF SINGLE CRYSTAL SILICON

Six kinds of micro bridge-beam specimens with different sizes are fabricated using photolithography technology for bending test. Beam specimens with trapezoidal section could be representatives of those with rectangle and square section, which are usually applied in MEMS. Nano indentation method used in bending test can be applied to both elastic and plastic materials. Also, some mechanical properties parameters such as the modulus of elasticity, hardness and the bending strength are obtained. The average modulus of elasticity of SCS is 170.295 0±2.485 0 GPa, showing no size effects, but the bending strength ranges from 3.24 GPa to 10.15 GPa, displaying strong size effects, and the average hardness is 9.496 7±1.753 3 GPa,in which no obvious size effects are observed.

“Smart”micro/nano container-based self-healing coatings on magnesium alloys:A review

Coating technologies are a commonly used way to protect metals against corrosion.However,with more and more severe service environments of materials,many protective coating systems often are not environmentally friendly or toxic as in the case of chromates.Based on the world’s abundant ideal magnesium(Mg)and its alloy,the smart self-healing anticorrosive coating can autonomously restore the damaged part of the coating according to the environmental changes,strengthen the corrosion protection ability,and prolong its service life.This paper reviews the research progress of smart self-healing coatings on Mg alloys.These coatings mostly contain suitable corrosion inhibitors encapsulated into micro/nano containers.Moreover,the different self-healing mechanisms and functionalities of micro/nano containers are discussed.The micro/nano containers range from inorganic nanocontainers such as mesoporous nanoparticles(silica(SiO_(2)),titanium dioxide(TiO_(2)),etc.),over inorganic clays(halloysite,hydrotalcite-like,zeolite),to organic nanocontainers such as polymer microcapsules,nanofibers,chitosan(CS)and cyclodextrin(CD),as well as,carbon materials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes and hybrids such as metal organic frameworks.The functioning of micro/nano containers can be divided in two principal groups:autonomous(based on defect filling and corrosion inhibition)and non-autonomous(based on dynamic bonds and shape memory polymers).Moreover,multi functionalities and composite applications of various micro/nano containers are summarized.At present,significant progress has been made in the preparation methods and technologies of micro/nano containers.Achieving long-term self-healing properties of coatings sensing of coating failure and early warning after self-healing function failure can be expected as the main development direction of self-healing corrosion protection coatings in the future.

STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF CLAMPING IN MICRO/NANO SCALE EXPERIMENTS

Two kinds of clamping in micro/nano scale experiments are investigated in this paper, one based on electron-beam-induced deposition, and the other on the van der Waals interaction. The clamping strength and mechanism are analyzed both theoretically and experimentally. The influence of relative humidity on the micro/nano clamping and the method of electrostatic clamping are discussed. The clamping strength and performance of different clamping methods are compared considering the size and material of the clamped objects, and the application environments.

Structural Design and Control Strategy Analysis of Micro/Nano Transmission Platform

A fully flexure micro/nano transmission platform(MNTP)which has five degrees of freedom is designed on the basis of bridge type amplification mechanism.According to the kinematic theory and the elastic beam theory,the theoretical output displacement equation of the platform is derived,and then piezoelectric actuator(PZT)is calibrated.Meanwhile,a full closed-loop control strategy of the platform is established using the feedforward proportional-integral-derivative(PID)compound control algorithm based on the Preisach model.Moreover,the total transfer function of the micro positioning system is derived,and the calculation method of output signal is acquired.Finally,the theoretical output displacement is verified by finite element analysis(FEA)and positioning experiments.

Energy barrier for configurational transformation of graphene nanoribbon on nanotube

A graphene nanoribbon （GNR） has two basic configurations when winding on the outer surface of a carbon nanotube （CNT）： helix and scroll. Here the transformation between the two configurations is studied utilizing molecular dynamics simulations. The energy barrier during the transformation as well as its relationship with the interfacial energy and the radius of CNT are investigated. Our work offers further insights into the formation of desirable helix/scroll of GNR winding on nanotubes or nanowires, and thus can enable novel design of potential graphene-based electronics.

Understanding micro-diffusion bonding from the fabrication of B_4C/Ni composites

A Ni-B_4C macroscopic diffusion welding couple and a Ni-15 wt% B_4C composite fabricated by spark plasma sintering(SPS) were used to understand the micro-scale diffusion bonding between metals and ceramics. In the Ni-B_4C macroscopic diffusion welding couple a perfect diffusion welding joint was achieved. In the Ni-15 wt% B_4C sample, microstructure analyses demonstrated that loose structures occurred around the B_4C particles. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses revealed that during the SPS process, the process of diffusion bonding between Ni and B_4C particles can be divided into three stages. By employing a nano-indentation test, the room-temperature fracture toughness of the Ni matrix was found to be higher than that of the interface. The micro-diffusion bonding between Ni and B_4C particles is quite different from the Ni-B_4C reaction couple.

固体力学跨尺度计算若干问题研究

本文展示了固体力学领域跨尺度计算的若干问题和研究概况。(1)建立位错动力学与有限元耦合DDD-FEM的计算模型,实现了能够基于纳米尺度离散位错运动机制计算分析连续介质有限变形晶体塑性问题,提出微纳尺度(200 nm~10μm)晶体塑性流动应力解析公式,结合试验数据揭示了在无应变梯度下强度和变形的尺寸效应;(2)建立具有微相分离结构的纳米尺度粗粒化分子动力学模型CG-MD,计算获得聚脲材料在时域和频域下的存储模量和损耗模量,通过动态加载分析的DMA试验和超声波试验的数据验证,解决了连续介质尺度下微相分离高分子共聚物的设计难题;(3)通过数据驱动关联高分辨率的微米尺度CT影像和临床低分辨率的毫米尺度CT影像的特征值,建立了围关节松质骨小梁的等效模量和结构张量,为骨组织增材制造点阵结构设计和实现个性化骨缺损重建奠定了基础。

工业固废-水泥固化腐殖土的力学响应和微观机制

为了推动腐殖土在岩土工程领域的资源化利用,采用工业固废(包括生物质飞灰、电石渣和磷石膏)协同水泥对腐殖土进行固化处理。以中国广东省某陈旧型简易垃圾填埋场开采的腐殖土为研究对象,通过常规三轴试验、干湿和冻融循环试验、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)和压汞(MIP)测试探究了工业固废-水泥固化腐殖土的三维力学特性、耐久性能及微观机制。试验结果表明:随着P_(o-b)(即工业固废替代水泥的比率)的增加,试样偏应力与轴向应变的关系逐渐由应变软化向应变硬化过渡。三元工业固废的适当掺入(P_(o-b)为25%~50%)有利于减缓干湿循环作用下工业固废-水泥固化腐殖土试样的劣化速率,而纯水泥固化腐殖土试样表现出相对优异的极限偏应力和抗冻性。微观结构分析表明大量钙矾石晶体和C―(A)―S―H凝胶等产物增强了腐殖土颗粒之间的黏结,同时填充了微观孔隙。研究结果可为垃圾填埋场开采的腐殖土修复及再利用提供理论依据。

融合石膏组分和微纳米结构“双基因”调控的铁尾矿粉无熟料固结体力学性能

为了探究超细铁尾矿粉颗粒表面非晶态SiO_(2)和Al_(2)O_(3)在石灰-石膏体系中的水化固化机理及调控因素,本工作考察了石膏掺量和铁尾矿粉中微纳米级颗粒含量之间的匹配对固结体强度的影响,利用XRD、TG-DSC、SEM和化学滴定法测试分析了固结体试样中水化产物的种类、形貌及含量的变化,研究了这些变化对固结体强度的影响及作用机理。结果表明,超细铁尾矿粉中小于1.096μm的微纳米颗粒含量显著影响着铁尾矿粉在碱溶液中Si和Al元素的溶出行为,固结体强度随着这些微纳米颗粒含量的增加而提高。固结体中的主要水化产物是铝掺杂的水化硅酸钙(C-(A)-S-H)和钙矾石(AFt)。石膏掺量与铁尾矿粉中微纳米颗粒含量的最佳匹配值对固结体的强度具有显著影响,并且微纳米颗粒含量越高,对应的石膏最佳掺量越大。石膏组分保证了AFt的生成和稳定,同时也加速了铁尾矿粉颗粒表面非晶态成分的水化。本工作探明了固结材料中最佳石膏掺量与微纳米铁尾矿粉颗粒含量的关联关系及其机理,证实了微纳米级颗粒是无熟料固结体结构中的基本活性单元,石膏的掺入对微纳米颗粒的水化起到调控作用,水化后的微纳米颗粒演变为固结体的基本结构单元,这种组分和结构的“双基因”调控机制影响着固结体的力学性能。

水软化作用下页岩微观结构和力学性质演化特性

在雨水或者地下水的浸泡下,页岩力学性质会大幅度降低,容易导致泥石流、隧洞塌陷、滑坡等灾害。以页岩为研究对象,通过微观岩石力学试验研究了水软化作用下页岩的微观结构和力学特性演变规律。研究结果表明:在浸水10 d后,页岩表面粗糙度平均值和最大值分别增至259.1 nm和561.9 nm。页岩主要由石英、绿泥石、伊利石和钠长石组成,其中绿泥石为层状硅酸盐。在水软化作用下绿泥石发生崩解并且释放晶层间膨胀力,导致页岩样品粗糙度增加。随着浸水时间的增加,高、中、低3类强度矿物的弹性模量逐渐减小;低强度矿物的黏聚力呈现下降趋势,从16.7 MPa降低到6.0 MPa,而内摩擦角随浸泡时间轻微波动,其平均值为42.5°。

盐冻循环作用下水泥稳定碎石混合料的宏细观性能

为研究盐分和冻融循环耦合侵蚀作用下水泥稳定碎石混合料的力学性能、疲劳特性及微细观空隙结构衰减规律,在冻融条件下对不同初始含盐量的水泥稳定碎石混合料开展无侧限抗压强度试验、弯拉强度试验、动态压缩模量试验和三分点加载疲劳试验。基于工业CT无损检测技术研究了盐冻耦合作用下水泥稳定碎石混合料微细观空隙结构衰减规律;提出了盐冻循环次数与盐溶液浓度对水泥稳定碎石混合料力学性能、疲劳性能和微细观空隙直径期望值的衰减公式;建立了微细观空隙结构与宏观力学性能、疲劳性能之间的拟合关系。结果表明:盐冻耦合侵蚀作用加速了水泥稳定碎石混合料力学性能与疲劳特性衰减,随着盐冻循环次数增加,水泥稳定碎石混合料的无侧限抗压强度与动态回弹模量呈指数模型衰减,弯拉强度与疲劳寿命呈三次函数模型衰减;盐冻损伤主要集中在集料边缘的原生空隙部位,微细观等效空隙直径期望值和空隙级配中小于0.1 mm3的空隙数量随着盐冻耦合侵蚀作用次数增加而增大;硫酸钠盐溶液浓度越大,经历相同盐冻循环后水泥稳定碎石混合料力学性能和疲劳性能损伤度越高,微细观等效空隙直径期望值随着硫酸钠盐溶液浓度增大呈线性关系增大;随着等效空隙直径期望值增大,水泥稳定碎石混合料的动态回弹模量、无侧限抗压强度和弯拉强度均呈线性关系减小,同时疲劳寿命呈指数函数关系降低;盐冻耦合侵蚀作用改变了水泥稳定碎石内部微细观空隙结构,是盐冻耦合侵蚀作用导致水泥稳定碎石混合料力学性能和疲劳性能下降的原因之一。