Functional micro‐concrete 3D hybrid structures f abricated by two‐photon polymerization

Arbitrary micro-scale three-dimensional(3D)structures fabrication is a dream to achieve many exciting goals that have been pursued for a long time.Among all these applications,the direct 3D printing to fabricate human organs and integrated photonic circuits are extraordinary attractive as they can promote the current technology to a new level.Among all the 3D printing methods available,two-photon polymerization(2PP)is very competitive as it is the unique method to achieve sub-micron resolution to make any desired tiny structures.For the conventional 2PP,the building block is the photoresist.However,the requirement for the building block is different for different purposes.It is very necessary to investigate and improve the photoresist properties according to different requirements.In this paper,we presented one hybrid method to modify the mechanical strength and light trapping efficiency of the photoresist,which transfers the photoresist into the micro-concretes.The micro-concrete structure can achieve±22%strength modification via a silica nano-particles doping.The structures doped with gold nano-particles show tunable plasmonic absorption.Dye doped hybrid structure shows great potential to fabricate 3D micro-chip laser.

Potential application of functional micro-nano structures in petroleum

This paper takes micro-nano motors and metamaterials as examples to introduce the basic concept and development of functional micro nano structures, and analyzes the application potential of the micro-nano structure design and manufacturing technology in the petroleum industry. The functional micro-nano structure is the structure and device with special functions prepared to achieve a specific goal. New functional micro-nano structures are classified into mobile type(e.g. micro-nano motors) and fixed type(e.g. metamaterials), and 3 D printing technology is a developed method of manufacturing. Combining the demand for exploration and development in oil and gas fields and the research status of intelligent micro-nano structures, we believe that there are 3 potential application directions:(1) The intelligent micro-nano structures represented by metamaterials and smart coatings can be applied to the oil recovery engineering technology and equipment to improve the stability and reliability of petroleum equipment.(2) The smart micro-nano robots represented by micro-motors and smart microspheres can be applied to the development of new materials for enhanced oil recovery, effectively improving the development efficiency of heavy oil, shale oil and other resources.(3) The intelligent structure manufacturing technology represented by 3 D printing technology can be applied to the field of microfluidics in reservoir fluids to guide the selection of mine flooding agents and improve the efficiency of mining.

Synthesis of hierarchical dendritic micro–nano structure ZnFe_2O_4 and photocatalytic activities for water splitting

Hierarchical dendritic micro–nano structure Zn Fe_2O_4 have been prepared by electrochemical reduction and thermal oxidation method in this work. X-ray diffractometry, Raman spectra and field-emission scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the crystal structure, size and morphology. The results show that the sample(S-2) is composed of pure ZnFe_2O_4 when the molar ratio of Zn^(2+)/Fe^(2+)in the electrolyte is 0.35. Decreasing the molar ratio of Zn^(2+)/Fe^(2+), the sample(S-1) is composed of ZnFe_2O_4 and α-Fe_2O_3, whereas increasing the molar ratio of Zn^(2+)/Fe^(2+), the sample(S-3) is composed of ZnFe_2O_4 and Zn O. The lattice parameters of ZnFe_2O_4 are influenced by the molar ratio of Zn^(2+)/Fe: Zn at excess decreases the cell volume whereas Fe at excess increases the cell volume of Zn Fe_2O_4. All the samples have the dendritic structure, of which S-2 has micron-sized lush branches with nano-sized leaves. UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectra were acquired by a spectrophotometer. The absorption edges gradually blue shift with the increase of the molar ratio of Zn^(2+)/Fe^(2+). Photocatalytic activities for water splitting were investigated under Xe light irradiation in an aqueous olution containing 0.1 mol·L^(-1)Na_2S/0.02 mol·L^(-1)Na_2SO_3 in a glass reactor. The relatively highest photocatalytic activity with 1.41 μmol·h-1· 0.02 g^(-1)was achieved by pure ZnFe_2O_4sample(S-2). The photocatalytic activity of the mixture phase of Zn Fe_2O_4 and α-Fe_2O_3(S-1) is better than ZnF e_2O_4 and ZnO(S-3).

Construction and Properties of Structure-and Size-controlled Micro/Nano-energetic Materials

The recent research progress of structure- and size-controlled micro/nano-energetic materials is reviewed, which properties are fundamentally different from those of their corresponding bulk materials. The development of the construction strategies for achieving zero-dimensional (0D), one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D), and three-dimensional (3D) micro/nanostructures from energetic molecules is introduced. Also, an overview of the unique properties induced by micro/nanostructures and size effects is provided. Special emphasis is focused on the size-dependent properties that are different from those of the conventional micro-sized energetic materials, such as thermal decomposition, sensitivity, combustion and detonation, and compaction behaviors. A conclusion and our view of the future development of micro/nano-energetic materials and devices are given.

Osteoblast Behavior on Hierarchical Micro-/Nano-Structured Titanium Surface

In the present work, osteoblast behavior on a hierarchical micro-/nano-structured titanium surface was investigated. A hi- erarchical hybrid micro-/nano-structured titanium surface topography was produced via Electrolytic Etching （EE）. MG-63 cells were cultured on disks for 2 h to 7 days. The osteoblast response to the hierarchical hybrid micro-/nano-structured titanium surface was evaluated through the osteoblast cell morphology, attachment and proliferation. For comparison, MG-63 cells were also cultured on Sandblasted and Acid-etched （SEA） as well as Machined （M） surfaces respectively. The results show signifi- cant differences in the adhesion rates and proliferation levels of MG-63 cells on EE, SLA, and M surfaces. Both adhesion rate and proliferation level on EE surface are higher than those on SLA and M surfaces. Therefore, we may expect that, comparing with SLA and M surfaces, bone growth on EE surface could be accelerated and bone formation could be promoted at an early stage, which could be applied in the clinical practices for immediate and early-stage loadings.

Superhydrophobic surfaces via controlling the morphology of ZnO micro/nano complex structure

ZnO micro/nano complex structure films, including reticulate papillary nodes, petal-like and flake-hole, have been self-assembled by a hydrothermal technique at different temperatures without metal catalysts. The wettability of the above film surfaces was modified with a simple coating of heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxy-silane in toluene. After modifying, the surface of ZnO film grown at 50℃ was converted from superhydrophilic with a water contact angle lower than 5° to superhydrophobic with a water contact angle of 165° Additionally, the surface of reticulate papillary nodes ZnO film grown at 100 ℃ had excellent superhydrophobicity, with a water contact angle of 173° and a sliding angle lower than 2° Furthermore, the water contact angle on the surface of petal-like and flake-hole ZnO films grown at 150℃ and 200℃ were found to be 140° and 120°, respectively. The wettability for the samples was found to depend strongly on the surface morphology which results from the growth temperature.

Temperature Induces Self-assembly of Silicon Nano/Micro-structure based on Multi-physics Approach

A three-dimensional dynamic model for nano/micro-fabrications of silicon was presented. With the developed model, the fabrication process of silicon on nothing（SON） structure was quantitatively investigated. We employ a diffuse interface model that incorporates the mechanism of surface diffusion. The mechanism of the fabrication is systematically integrated for high reliability of computational analysis. A semi-implicit Fourier spectral scheme is applied for high efficiency and numerical stability. Moreover, the theoretical analysis provides the guidance that is ordered by the fundamental geometrical design parameters to guide different fabrications of SON structures. The performed simulations suggest a substantial potential of the presented model for a reliable design technology of nano/micro-fabrications.

Synthesis and electrochemical performance of micro-nano structured Li Fe1-xMnxPO4/C(0≤x≤0.05)cathode for lithium-ion batteries

Micro-nano structured Li Fe（1-x）MnxPO4/C（0≤x≤0.05）cathodes were prepared by spray drying,followed by calcination at 700°C.The spherical Li Fe（1-x）MnxPO4/C（0≤x≤0.05）particles with the size of 0.5 to5.0μm are composed of lots of nanoparticles of 20 to 30 nm,and have the well-developed interconnected pore structure.In contrast,when Mn doping content is 3 mol%（x=0.03）,the Li Fe（0.97）Mn（0.03）PO4/C demonstrates maximum specific surface area of 31.30 m^2/g,more uniform pore size and relatively better electrochemical performance.The initial discharge capacities are 161.59,157.04 and 153.13 m Ah/g at a discharge rate of 0.2,0.5 and 1 C,respectively.Meanwhile,the discharge capacity retentions are～100%after 120 cycles.The improved electrochemical performance should be attributed to higher specific surface,smaller polarization voltage,and a high Li~＋diffusion rate due to the micro-nano porous structure and lattice expansion produced by Mn doping.

ZnO micro-nano composite hydrophobic film prepared by the three-step method

The hydrophobicity of the lotus leaf is mainly due to its surface micro-nano composite structure. In order to mimic the lotus structure, ZnO micro-nano composite hydrophobic films were prepared via the three-step method. On thin buffer films of SiO2, which were first fabricated on glass substrates by the so,gel dip-coating method, a ZnO seed layer was deposited via RF magnetron sputtering. Then two different ZnO films, micro-nano and micro-only flowerlike structures, were grown by the hydrothermal method. The prepared films have different hydrophobic properties after surface modification. The structures of the obtained ZnO films were characterized using x-ray diffraction and field-emission scanning electron microscopy. A conclusion that a micro-nano composite structure is more beneficial to hydrophobicity than a micro-only structure was obtained through research into the effect of structure on hydrophobic properties.

Localized in‑situ deposition:a new dimension to control in fabricating surface micro/nano structures via ultrafast laser ablation

Controllable fabrication of surface micro/nano structures is the key to realizing surface functionalization for various applications.As a versatile approach,ultrafast laser ablation has been widely studied for surface micro/nano structuring.Increasing research eforts in this feld have been devoted to gaining more control over the fabrication processes to meet the increasing need for creation of complex structures.In this paper,we focus on the in-situ deposition process following the plasma formation under ultrafast laser ablation.From an overview perspective,we frstly summarize the diferent roles that plasma plumes,from pulsed laser ablation of solids,play in diferent laser processing approaches.Then,the distinctive in-situ deposition process within surface micro/nano structuring is highlighted.Our experimental work demonstrated that the in-situ deposition during ultrafast laser surface structuring can be controlled as a localized micro-additive process to pile up secondary ordered structures,through which a unique kind of hierarchical structure with fort-like bodies sitting on top of micro cone arrays were fabricated as a showcase.The revealed laser-matter interaction mechanism can be inspiring for the development of new ultrafast laser fabrication approaches,adding a new dimension and more fexibility in controlling the fabrication of functional surface micro/nano structures.

Reservoir micro structure of Da'anzhai Member of Jurassic and its petroleum significance in Central Sichuan Basin, SW China

Based on the qualitative study of microscopic reservoir features using core analysis,cast and fluorescence thin sections inspection,scanning electron microscope(SEM)and field emission scanning electron microscope(FESEM)and quantitative examination of pore size and geometry using mercury injection,nano-CT and nitrogen adsorption,reservoir rock of Da’anzhai Member were divided into 9 types,while storage spaces were divided into 4 types and 14 sub-types.The study shows that sparry coquina is the most promising reservoir type.Pores that smaller than 1μm in diameter contribute 91.27%of storage space volume.Most of them exhibit slot-like geometry with good connectivity.By building up storage space models,it was revealed that micron scale storage spaces mainly composed of fractures and nanometer scale pores and fractures form multi-scale dual porosity system.Low resource abundance,small single well controlled reserve,and low production are related to the nano-scale pore space in Da’anzhai Memer,whereas the dual-porosity system composed of pores and fractures makes for long-term oil yield.Due to the existence of abundant slot-like pore space and fractures,economic tight oil production was achieved without stimulations.

超疏水表面加工技术及耐磨性能研究进展

当前制备的超疏水表面耐磨性能普遍较差,因而其在各领域的应用受到限制。研究表明微纳结构和低表面能是实现功能表面超疏水性能的关键因素,因此,首先基于超疏水表面作用机制,对超疏水表面织构进行了归纳,旨在通过优化表面织构来解决微纳结构易磨损难题;然后对超疏水表面加工技术进行了梳理总结,从成本和效率两个方面分析了降低表面能的措施,为拓展超疏水表面加工体系提供思路;进而详细总结了超疏水表面耐磨性的分析手段,并阐述了提高超疏水表面耐磨性的方法;最后,展望了耐磨性超疏水表面的未来发展前景,以期推动超疏水表面在工程中的大规模应用。

微纳结构表面防冰研究进展

首先从冰的2种形成机理-均相成核和非均相成核进行了阐述,并介绍了液体在固体表面上的润湿现象。在此基础上,根据微纳结构防冰机理,分别综述了在固体表面结冰的前、中、后不同时期的最新防冰除冰策略。结冰前,借助液滴的脱落和自除预防固体表面结冰;结冰时,可通过延长冰的冻结时间,延缓冰在固体表面上的覆盖;结冰后,降低冰在固体表面的附着力,使之更易脱离固体表面,达到防冰除冰的需求。最后,对于如何提高微纳结构表面的耐久性进行了总结,对有关这些问题的最新研究成果进行了归纳和讨论,并对今后微纳结构表面防冰除冰的研究进行了展望。

Nano-diamond/Ni复合电刷镀层的组织形貌的研究

以45#钢为基体,制备了普通镍镀层和nano-diamond/Ni复合刷镀层,采用扫描电镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪和金相显微镜等设备对比研究了两种镀层的组织形貌。金相显微镜和扫描电镜分析结果表明,与普通镍镀层相比,nano-diamond/Ni复合刷镀层的表面更加平整、致密,组织更加细化;nano-dia-mond/Ni复合刷镀层表面呈典型的"菜花头"形状,弥散分布的纳米金刚石被镍包裹。能谱仪分析结果表明,nano-diamond/Ni复合刷镀层中纳米颗粒特征元素C的质量分数为7.37%。X射线衍射分析结果表明,随着纳米金刚石加入量的增加,镀层表面晶粒尺寸逐渐减小。

静电纺聚酰胺6/聚苯乙烯复合纳米纤维膜制备及其空气过滤性能

针对空气过滤纤维材料的过滤效率、阻力和使用寿命难以平衡的问题,采用多喷头静电纺丝技术,制备了不同直径、形貌纤维及不同纤维沉积顺序的聚酰胺6/聚苯乙烯(PA6/PS)复合纳米纤维膜,测试了复合膜的平均孔径及孔隙率,建立了纤维结构与过滤效率及阻力的构效关系;结合扫描电镜表征探讨了不同形貌、直径纤维的叠加次序对过滤寿命及细颗粒物沉积行为的影响,系统研究了过滤风速、细颗粒物尺寸对过滤性能的影响。结果表明:在5.33 cm/s的风速下,以多喷头静电纺丝方式制备的PA6/PS复合膜具有更好的抵抗风速变化的能力,在长期使用中阻力增加较缓慢,其具有93.13%的过滤效率,30.67 Pa的过滤阻力和0.0889 Pa-1的品质因子,综合过滤性能优于同等条件下H10等级(过滤效率>90%)的商业玻璃纤维过滤膜。

酶解-动态高压微射流制备纳米淀粉及对其结构性质的影响

为探究蜡质玉米淀粉(WMS)经普鲁兰酶协同动态超高压微射流技术(P-DHPM)制备纳米淀粉后对其结构及性质的变化规律,本文探讨了处理前后淀粉微观结构、结晶结构、分子结构、粒径、分子量及热性能的变化趋势。结果表明,随着酶解时间的增加,淀粉圆球形颗粒变碎片状、结晶结构逐渐消失、淀粉短程有序性增加、分子量显著(P<0.05)减小;同时,淀粉糊化峰值温度由71.23℃降低至55.81℃,糊化焓值(ΔH)显著(P<0.05)减小至4.68 J/g;酶解淀粉进一步经微射流处理后,粒径降低至纳米级,淀粉颗粒变成更加无规则的小碎片,糊化峰值温度(T_p)降低至55.37℃,糊化焓值(ΔH)增大至14.13 J/g。通过酶解-微射流技术处理WMS淀粉,可制备得到粒径可控且具有短程有序的纳米尺寸淀粉颗粒,提供了一种环境友好、操作简单的制备方法,同时为继续探讨其在淀粉纳米乳液及淀粉基活性包装材料中的应用奠定基础。

铝基微纳米结构超疏水表面制备及其防冰/霜性能

[目的]在铝上构建具有粗糙微纳米结构的超疏水表面,可赋予其良好的防冰/霜性能。但在实际应用中铝的超疏水性会逐渐变差甚至失效,微纳米结构的稳定性是影响疏水耐久性的主要因素之一。[方法]先通过二次阳极氧化在铝表面制备纳米多孔结构,再用不锈钢筛网模板压印的方法在铝表面获得微米级结构,扩孔处理后采用低表面能物质(如三乙氧基-1H,1H,2H,2H-十三氟代正辛基硅烷)进行修饰,最终获得了微纳米结构的铝基超疏水表面(标记为MN-SHS),并就其表面形貌、水接触角、液滴粘附性、防冰/霜性能和耐久性与只进行二次阳极氧化的铝试样和进行二次阳极氧化+扩孔的铝试样作对比。[结果]MN-SHS样品表面的水接触角达到164°,液滴粘附性低,防冰/霜性能和耐久性最优。[结论]采用阳极氧化结合微米压印技术可制得具有微纳米复合结构的铝基超疏水表面,在防冰/霜方面具有很好的应用前景。

仿生鲨鱼皮复合微纳减风阻结构的仿真与制备

仿生学与减阻技术的结合,为减阻开辟了重要的研究方向,在航空航天领域有着潜在的发展与应用前景。为提高降低风阻效果,本文对复合微纳减风阻结构进行了研究,基于仿生学原理,采用CFD仿真及激光微纳制造技术,建立了减阻结构组合模型,并在飞行器的大气传感器半球头体模型表面制造仿生鲨鱼皮复合微纳结构,即在仿生鲨鱼皮鳞片结构的基础上,通过激光干涉扫描二级微沟槽,以进一步提升减阻效果。采用CFD仿真与风洞实验相结合的方式,对减阻机理进行理论分析,完成了复合结构的微纳制造,减阻率最高可达10.3%。

基于Au/Ni-W多层薄膜修饰铜基微纳分级结构固相瞬态焊接方法

目的以特殊形貌的铜基微纳结构为基板,在其上依次镀覆Ni-W合金层和Au纳米层,在超声能量和室温条件下,实现瞬时与锡基焊料的焊接,解决无铅焊料由于高熔点对薄芯片和热敏器件造成的热冲击和热损伤问题,保证器件安全性和性能可靠性。方法采用电化学方法沉积出特殊形貌铜基微纳分级结构,在其上化学镀覆层厚为180 nm的Ni-W合金层和50 nm的Au层。将获得的Au/Ni-W多层薄膜修饰的铜基结构与商用焊料(SAC305)在焊接压力98 N(20 MPa)、焊接时间3 s、超声振动3 s条件下实现固相瞬态焊接。将不同表面修饰层的铜基微纳分级结构与焊球进行破坏剪切测试。将焊接后的样品在180℃下分别进行10、30、60 min的时效处理。结果铜基微米级突起结构高度为2~4μm,底端尺寸为800~1200 nm,具有优良的凸起结构密度和长径比。Au/Ni-W修饰后的铜基微纳分级结构与SAC305焊球所形成的焊接界面嵌入效果好,没有任何孔洞存在,焊接界面平均剪切强度为43.06 MPa。结论铜基微纳分级结构插入焊球内部形成镶嵌,产生机械互锁,而Au/Ni-W合金修饰层能有效提高铜基微纳分级结构表面硬度,与锡焊料形成较大的硬度差,在插入式焊接中减少了孔洞的形成,焊接效果优良。Ni-W合金层的存在延缓了Cu-Sn之间的互扩散,阻挡了Cu-Sn金属间化合物的生长,减少了因界面失效而产生的可靠性问题。

微纳结构超疏水表面的制备及应用研究进展

在自然界中,如莲叶、水燕等,由于其独特的微纳结构及低表面能特性,表现出优异的超疏水性能,构筑具有仿生性质的超疏水材料,并在其中发挥着重要作用。介绍了近年来超疏水材料领域取得的一些成果,综述了模板法、激光刻蚀法、等离子体处理法、静电纺丝技术、电化学腐蚀、相分离法等多种方法的研究进展,还介绍了超疏水材料在自清洁、防结冰、油水分离、抗腐蚀和减阻等方面的应用。最后,对超疏水表面的制备和应用做了总结,探讨了制备超疏水表面的未来方向。