Coagulation of micro-polluted Pearl River water with IPF-PACls

Water samples collected from early March 2001 to the end of April 2002 at the branch of Pearl River around the Guangzhou City were analyzed for its micro-polluted characteristics. The coagulation behavior of polyaluminum chlorides(PACls) was then examined focusing on the effect of primary water quality and speciation distribution. The results showed that PACls exhibit better coagulation efficiency than alum in accordance with the different speciation. The turbidity removal property of PACls is evidently better than alum at low dosage. While in neutral zone(about 6.5—7.5), the turbidity removal of PACls decreases owing to the restabilization of particles at higher dosage. The organic matters in raw water exhibit marked influence on coagulation. In acidic zone, organic matters complex with polymer species and promote the formation of flocs. With an increase in pH, the complexation of organics with polymer species gradually decreases, and the removal of organics mainly depends on adsorption. The effect is evidently improved with the raise of B value.

Analysis of Micro Organic Compound Pollution in Major City River Reaches of the Main Stem of the Changjiang River

It has become general for surface waters being polluted by micro organic compounds. In order to know the current pollution situation and the properties of micro organic compounds in the Changjiang River, a test was performed on micro organic compounds in the water, bottom material and fish bodies which were sampled from major city river reaches of the Changjiang River. Based on the test result, researchers described and analyzed the sorts, concentration level and distribution features of micro organic compounds. A comprehensive evaluation was conducted by adopting the method of MEG (Multimedia Environmental Goals). The study indicated that ① the water body of major city river reaches of the Changjiang River has been generally polluted. In the test, totally 12 types with 308 kinds of organic compounds were detected. The main pollutants were paraffins, PAHs and lipids; and ② micro organic pollutant content in fish bodies was generally higher than that in bottom material which is in turn higher than that in water; and ③ pollution is relatively severe in the river reaches of mid-to-large comprehensive industrial cities with fairly great TAS (Total Ambient Severity) of public health and ecological system.

The Occurrence and Prevention of Filamentous Algae in Ecological Purification System of Micro-polluted Water

[ Objective ] The aim was to study the influence of filamentous algae on the process of water ecological purification. [ Method ] The occurrence mechanism of filamentous algae and its ecological system were summarized and analyzed. Considering the ecological purification in north- ern Jiangsu, the occurrence and prevention of filamentous algae in water, the method to prevent filamentous algae in polluted water was discussed. [ Result] The results showed that by measures of improving planting density, regular harvesting, and water flow state control before the filamentous algae blooming period, together with improving local pH value, light interference and ecological control during the blooming period, can effectively control the filamentous algae blooming. [ Condusion] The study of the happening mechanism of filamentous algae provided theoretical references and the technical basis in the work of filamentous algae prevention and control.

Oil Pollutants Degradation of Nano-MgO in Micro-Polluted Water

The removal of oil pollutants from water and purifying process of oil-polluted water are studied through catalytic degradation method with nano-MgO. The results indicated that catalytic degradation effect of nano-MgO on the oil pollutants was associated with dosage of nano-MgO, pH and water temperature. When oil content was 1.8 mg/L, 0.17 g nano-MgO was used and the removal rate of oil was 93.92%. Furthermore, nano-Mgo was a non-photosensitive catalyst. GC/MS analysis showed that the amount of petroleum-based pollutants in water was reduced 73.77% from the previous 61 kinds to 16 kinds, and the total peak area was reduced 96.05% after catalytic degradation of nano-MgO. Therefore, nano-MgO has an excellent effect on the catalytic degradation of oil pollutants and can be applied in the treatment of oil wastewaters.

Application of Green Technology Using Biological Means for the Adsorption of Micro-Pollutants in Water

It is true that the world we have today is not the world we use to know. The Covid-19 pandemic has paralyzed all sector, hence the need for safety and enabling environment for mankind is of high importance. Adsorption technology is far the best and cheapest treatment technology for water and has extensively proven its worth for the uptake of micro-pollutant from surface, ground and water which are the major channels of home water. Over the years activated carbon is considered as the most common and universally used adsorbent for the eradication of different types of micro-pollutants from water. The contamination of surface water by micro-pollutant is a potential threat for the production of high quality and safe drinking water. Adsorption operation onto granulated activated carbon (GAC) in fixed-bed filters is often applied as a remedying step in the synthesis of safe and drinkable water. Activated carbon actively tends to act as a carrier material for a thin usually resistant layer of microorganisms (mostly bacteria) that forms on the coat of various surfaces (biofilm), hence biological simplification can be an alternative removal approach that can be adopted in granulated activated carbon filters. To evaluate the capacity of biofilm to biologically simplify micro-pollutants, it is very imperative to distinguish adsorption from biological simplification (biodegradation) as a removal mechanism. Experiment was carried out under the operating condition of a temperature range of 6?C to 20?C with biologically activated and autoclaved GAC to assess the biological simplification by the biofilm adsorbed on the GAC surface. Five micro-pollutants were selected as model compounds, of which some of them were biologically simplified by the GAC biofilm. Additionally, we observed that temperature can increase or decrease adsorption. Conclusively, comparison was made on the adsorption capacity of granulated activated carbon used for more than 50,000 beds.

不同改性方法对生物砂滤池生物膜特性及处理受污染原水效果的影响

通过对普通石英砂(QS)进行氨基及铝钙双氢氧化物改性制得氨基改性砂(AMS)和铝钙双氢氧化物改性砂(CAS),分别以QS、AMS、CAS为滤料填充滤池进行挂膜,研究了不同石英砂表面的生物膜量、生物活性、胞外聚合物(EPS)的特性及对受污染原水的处理效果。结果表明,挂膜成功后CAS表面的生物活性最高,为42.00 mgO_(2)/(g·h),生物膜量和胞外聚合物的含量最大,分别为12.43 mg/g、105.09 mg/(g·SS),对COD_(Cr)、NH^(+)_(4)-N的去除率分别稳定在58.20%、89.50%;AMS表面的生物活性、生物膜量、EPS平均含量分别为32.97 mgO_(2)/(g·h)、9.07 mg/g、93.41 mg/(g·SS),对COD_(Cr)、NH^(+)_(4)-N的去除率分别为54.60%、85.10%。三种石英砂表面生物量分布均沿水流方向递减,EPS的含量从溶解性胞外聚合物(SL-EPS)到紧密附着性胞外聚合物(TB-EPS)呈上升趋势。

生物质电厂底渣对微污染原水处理效果的影响

针对生物质电厂底渣(BAR)的处理处置问题,采用磁力除铁并用多层筛网同步筛分机进行磁选、筛分、清洗工艺得到不同粒径(L1:0.25~0.50 mm、L2:0.50~1.00 mm、L3:1.00~2.00 mm、L4:2.00~4.00 mm、L5:4.00~8.00 mm)的BAR样品,并通过搭建快速小型柱测试(RSSCT)装置对微污染原水进行净化试验,以明晰不同粒径BAR对水质净化效果的影响。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)等手段对BAR进行了表征,并以15 d内出水浑浊度、化学需氧量(COD_(Cr))、总磷(TP)和氨氮等指标评价了其去污性能。结果表明:L2、L3对原水的处理效果整体较为优异,15 d内出水浑浊度、COD_(Cr)、TP的平均去除率分别达到88%、40%、35%以上,这与BAR的吸附作用及微生物降解有关;L4、L5等大颗粒因填充密度小、系统氧气充足,从而促进硝化细菌的生物活性,在运行后期(11~15 d)对氨氮的去除率最高可达到95%以上;而L1的粒径过小导致其容重、填充密度较大,在运行过程中会出现水流断层、氧气缺乏、微生物活性不足等现象,阻碍了对原水中各类污染物的去除效果。此外,经柠檬酸-壳聚糖复合改性得到的M-L2,相较于L2,对原水中COD_(Cr)、TP的平均去除率分别由42.05%、40.97%增至80.28%、60.36%,提升效果显著,与市售填料沸石、陶粒等水平相当,且成本更为低廉。研究结果为不同粒径BAR的高值化应用以及改性BAR在微污染原水预处理技术的发展提供一定的数据支撑。

生物慢滤系统处理微污染水体的试验研究:两种滤料的对比

滤料的特性是决定生物慢滤系统对各类污染物去除效果的主要因素之一,然而国内外在不同滤料的生物慢滤系统净化效能比较和微生物机制方面的研究十分有限。本研究选用石英砂和活性炭作为生物慢滤系统的滤料,比较了它们在污染物去除和微生物群落方面的异同,并在滤料堵塞时开展了反冲洗实验。结果表明,两柱均需要26 d完成挂膜。挂膜完成后,活性炭柱对浊度、CODMn和氨氮的去除率分别为92.18%、65.53%和99.37%,而石英砂柱的去除率分别为91.89%、42.91%和98.87%,活性炭柱的去除率优于石英砂柱。在挂膜期间,石英砂柱和活性炭柱都出现了亚硝酸盐氮和硝酸盐氮的积累现象。石英砂柱主要的优势菌群为A0839和Rhodobacter,而活性炭柱主要的优势菌群为Ramlibacter、Pseudomonas和Leptospirillum,从微生物群落的角度解释了活性炭柱对有机物和总氮的去除效果优于石英砂柱。活性炭滤料的穿透深度大于石英砂滤料,石英砂柱的滤料主要是前40 cm发生堵塞,而活性炭柱的滤料是前60 cm发生堵塞。在滤料膨胀系数为30%时,石英砂柱和活性炭柱的反冲洗强度分别为6.83 L·m^(-2)·s^(-1)、3.16 L·m^(-2)·s^(-1),活性炭柱的反冲洗水量比石英砂柱少了53.7%。本研究为农村地区慢滤系统滤料的选择提供了技术依据,为滤料的堵塞问题提供了经济可行的解决方案,为该技术在农村供水技术中的应用提供了技术支持。

微污染湖泊水体植物-微生物协同修复技术

针对雨水溢流引起的水体微污染的修复,本研究建立了室内微模型模拟雨水溢流污染水体,分别采用投加复合脱氮菌剂、复合脱氮菌剂+镁改性麦饭石,以及复合脱氮菌剂+生态颗粒的方法进行处理,探究不同处理方式对水质、沉水植物苦草及底泥微生物菌群的影响。研究发现,菌剂的投加能够加速微污染水体的修复,同时投加镁改性麦饭石及生态颗粒,能够提升水体氨氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)、总氮(TN)和化学需氧量(COD)的去除率,并促进苦草生长,其中镁改性麦饭石对苦草与微生物的耦合脱氮促生效果最优。复合脱氮菌剂单独投加,或同时投加镁改性麦饭石或生态颗粒,对底泥细菌群落α多样性影响均不显著。FAPROTAX功能预测表明,Anaerolineaceae等异养硝化-好氧反硝化细菌是苦草与微生物耦合脱氮的主导底泥微生物,镁改性麦饭石及生态颗粒有利于底泥菌群向微生物脱氮功能菌群结构演变,通过植物和微生物协同作用,两处理分别增加苦草叶长26.5%、11.8%,增加根长45.2%、35.5%。

地表水环境中微(纳米)塑料污染防控面临的挑战

微(纳米)塑料因其可在水体、沉积物、土壤等环境介质中长期存在并危害生态环境,且在环境中难降解的特性已成为一种新污染物。根据国内地表水环境中微(纳米)塑料的分布、来源和生态毒性效应的相关研究发现,地表水环境中微(纳米)塑料的来源繁杂,直接来源主要包括个人护理品、工农业制备、各类垃圾不当处置等;间接来源为污水处理厂的污水排放、地表径流、原始塑料的风化降解等。微(纳米)塑料的生态毒性组成复杂,除其本身对于生物体的生化胁迫外,还易与其他污染物形成复合污染,对水生生物产生交互效应。因此,研究治理地表水环境微(纳米)塑料污染已刻不容缓,本文可为地表水环境中微(纳米)塑料污染防控和生态风险研究提供理论参考。

Removal of bentazone from micro-polluted water using MIEX resin:Kinetics,equilibrium,and mechanism

The contamination of surface and ground water by bentazone has attracted increasing global concern in recent years. We conducted a detailed investigation using MIEX resin to eliminate bentazone from waters. Batch experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of process parameters, such as retention time, resin amount, and initial pesticide concentration, on removal efficiency of bentazone. Results showed the sorption process was fast and bentazone could be efficiently removed in 30 minutes. The kinetic process of bentazone sorption on MIEX resin was well described by pseudo second-order model and intraparticle diffusion was the rate controlling step. The MIEX resin possessed the highest sorption capacity of 0.2656 mmol/mL for bentazone according to Langmuir fitting, Bentazone is a hydrophobic ionizable organic compound, and both ionic charge and hydrophobic aromatic structure governed the sorption characteristics on MIEX resin. The different removal efficiencies of ionic and non-ionic pesticides, combined with the charge balance equations of bentazone, SO4^2-, NO3- and Cl-, indicated that removal of bentazone using MIEX resin occurred primarily via ion exchange.

高通量短流程陶瓷膜工艺运行稳定性研究

采用规模为60 m^(3)/d的微絮凝-平板陶瓷膜短流程净水工艺,模拟工程运行参数,对实时的长江原水进行高通量的运行测试和效果研究。结果表明,该工艺在100 LHM的高通量工况下可稳定运行,维护性清洗周期约5~7 d,跨膜压差终点控制在35 kPa以内。短流程工艺将出水浑浊度控制在0.05 NTU以下,对COD_(Mn)、铁离子、铝离子去除率分别为49.9%、94.8%、89.8%,平均产水率为94.6%~97.5%,出水性能稳定,且具备经济性。陶瓷膜耦合臭氧工艺可适应高浑浊度的原水切换工况。

Sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification from the micro-polluted water

Eutrophication caused by high concentrations of nutrients is a huge problem for many natural lakes and reservoirs. Removing the nitrogen contamination from the low C/N water body has become an urgent need. Autotrophic denitrification with the sulfur compound as electron donor was investigated in the biofilter reactors. Through the lab-scale experiment,it was found that different sulfur compounds and different carriers caused very different treatment performances. Thiosulfate was selected to be the best electron donor and ceramsite was chosen as the suitable carrier due to the good denitrification efficiency, low cost and the good resistibility against the high hydraulic loads. Later the optimum running parameters of the process were determined. Then the pilot-scale experiment was carried out with the real micro-polluted water from the West Lake, China. The results indicated that the autotrophic denitrification with thiosulfate as electron donor was feasible and applicable for the micro-polluted lake water.

“电絮凝+反渗透膜”在电镀废水项目的设计与应用

鞍山市某电镀废水回用处理工程设计规模为14.6 t/d,在综合分析电镀生产各工段水质及处理电镀废水常用工艺方法后,确定采用“电絮凝+反渗透膜”处理工艺路线.详细介绍了其工艺流程、运行参数、运行效果及处理成本等。通过该工艺处理后,产水水质高于《电镀污染物排放标准》(GB 21900-2008),处理成本节约了100~150万元/a,节水约5000 t/a,具有良好的经济效益和环境效益.

絮凝/陶瓷超滤组合工艺用于微污染地表水处理的中试研究

研究了以陶瓷超滤膜为核心的絮凝/超滤组合工艺用于处理微污染地表水的效果.实验结果表明,絮凝剂的投加量和原水温度都是影响体系处理能力的关键因素,其中温度与产水通量呈线性变化趋势,温度每降低1℃产水通量约降低2.98 L/(m^(2)·h);跨膜压力也是影响通量的关键因素,较高的跨膜压力提升膜通量,同时也会造成周期内膜污染的快速形成.中试结果表明,絮凝/超滤组合工艺出水浊度为0.1 NTU,浊度去除率为98.8%,高锰酸盐指数去除率为14.02%,微生物指标符合生活饮用水卫生标准,该工艺在60 d连续运行中系统保持良好的工作性能,恒压0.1 MPa下平均膜产水通量达到155 L/(m^(2)·h),实现了絮凝/超滤组合工艺在地表水处理中的应用探索.

缉“毒”除污的微纳米机器人

现代社会中,化学和相关工业的快速发展导致水环境污染问题日益严重,这对水质检测以及水资源的处理技术提出了更高的要求,然而目前尚难以快速、高效地实现对低浓度、痕量的污染物的检测和处理。为此,科学家们设计出一类新型的智能材料——微纳米机器人。基于微纳米机器人的可控运动性能、精准识别能力、高效吸附效果和原位降解能力,可以对痕量污染物建立高灵敏度的响应,从而实现水中污染物的有效检测与处理。为了能够让广大读者深入理解微纳米机器人在水污染检测和处理领域的发展前沿和未来研究趋势,本文以微纳米机器人组织“污染刺客联盟”为背景,简单有趣地介绍了微纳米机器人在水环境检测、监测和处理方面的应用及其科学机理。

超滤纳滤双膜工艺处理珠江西航道水源水的试验研究

针对广州市长距离引水运行成本大的问题,以本地珠江西航道水源开展预处理-常规工艺-超滤+纳滤双膜工艺试验研究,考察试验工艺对原水的处理效能,为广州市启动本地水源提供工艺、技术与参数支持。结果表明:预处理-常规工艺对水质常规污染物去除效果良好,常规出水基本满足国标,再经双膜工艺处理后,常规污染物浓度可进一步降低,纳滤出水色度、COD_(Mn)以及氨氮的浓度分别低至0.99度、0.84 mg/L以及0.02 mg/L。三维荧光及有机物相对分子质量分析结果表明,预处理-常规工艺可去除接近40%的荧光物质及小分子有机物,再经双膜工艺处理后,纳滤出水荧光物质去除超过80%,小分子有机物去除则超过60%。突发污染试验表明,预处理-常规工艺对新污染物去除效果有限,去除率约为20%~40%,而双膜工艺则具备高效应对常规污染物与新污染物的能力,增加双膜工艺后,试验工艺对两种常规污染物以及五种新污染物去除率均>90%。膜污染分析发现,造成超滤膜污染的主要荧光物质为色氨酸类蛋白质、类富里酸物质以及类腐殖酸物质,纳滤膜则主要为色氨酸类蛋白质,而造成两者膜污染的无机元素均主要为Ca、Si、Na、K等元素。

重力流膜滤技术处理西北高寒牧区融雪水的实验研究

使用重力流膜滤技术应对西北高寒牧区水源地饮用水中关键水质因子浊度、氨氮以及高锰酸盐指数超标等问题,通过模拟西北高寒牧区冰山融雪水,经过多种重力流膜分离技术的处理,其在保证稳定的通量下,浊度、氨氮以及高锰酸盐指数三个关键水质指标完全符合GB 5749—2022《生活饮用水卫生标准》。

预处理和水厂深度处理改造对微污染原水的处理效果探讨

阐述了自来水厂原水预处理和深度处理工艺改造的必要性,对可用技术方法的有效性、经济性及存在的问题进行了探讨。调研了两家分别采用常规处理技术、常规处理与深度处理相结合的自来水厂的典型年份春、夏两季的出水水质,发现在进水相同的情况下,经过工艺改造的水厂净水效果明显更优。提出了原水预处理采用“预氯化一粉末活性炭联用”、水厂深度处理采用“预臭氧一混凝、沉淀、过滤一后臭氧、活性炭一消毒”的改造方案建议。

微污染水源大型给水厂工程设计

针对某给水厂的水源为微污染水的问题,论文分析原水水质中的主要污染因子及低温低浊的现状。通过参考已运行的一期工程的工艺流程,并考虑针对低温低浊水质特点的工程措施,该项目二期工程采用处理工艺为“预臭氧+生物预处理+常规处理+臭氧生物活性炭+消毒”的方法。结果表明:该工艺充分考虑了原水特性,适用于微污染水源的大型给水厂,可保证出水水质达标。