Proton pump inhibitors and all-cause mortality risk among cancer patients

BACKGROUND Proton pump inhibitors(PPIs)are widely used,including among cancer patients,to manage gastroesophageal reflux and other gastric acid-related disorders.Recent evidence suggests associations between long-term PPI use and higher risks for various adverse health outcomes,including greater mortality.AIM To investigate the association between PPI use and all-cause mortality among cancer patients by a comprehensive analysis after adjustment for various confounders and a robust methodological approach to minimize bias.METHODS This retrospective cohort study used data from the TriNetX research network,with electronic health records from multiple healthcare organizations.The study employed a new-user,active comparator design,which compared newly treated PPI users with non-users and newly treated histamine2 receptor antagonists(H2RA)users among adult cancer patients.Newly prescribed PPIs(esomeprazole,lansoprazole,omeprazole,pantoprazole,or rabeprazole)users were compared to non-users or newly prescribed H2RAs(cimetidine,famotidine,nizatidine,or ranitidine)users.The primary outcome was all-cause mortality.Each patient in the main group was matched to a patient in the control group using 1:1 propensity score matching to reduce confounding effects.Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios(HRs)and 95% confidence interval(CI).RESULTS During the follow-up period(median 5.4±1.8 years for PPI users and 6.5±1.0 years for non-users),PPI users demonstrated a higher all-cause mortality rate than non-users after 1 year,2 years,and at the end of follow up(HRs:2.34-2.72).Compared with H2RA users,PPI users demonstrated a higher rate of all-cause mortality HR:1.51(95%CI:1.41-1.69).Similar results were observed across sensitivity analyses by excluding deaths from the first 9 months and 1-year post-exposure,confirming the robustness of these findings.In a sensitivity analysis,we analyzed all-cause mortality outcomes between former PPI users and individuals who have never used PPIs,providing insights into the long-term effects of past PPI use.In addition,at 1-year follow-up,the analysis revealed a significant difference in mortality rates between former PPI users and non-users(HR:1.84;95%CI:1.82-1.96).CONCLUSION PPI use among cancer patients was associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality compared to non-users or H2RA users.These findings emphasize the need for cautious use of PPIs in cancer patients and suggest that alternative treatments should be considered when clinically feasible.However,further studies are needed to corroborate our findings,given the significant adverse outcomes in cancer patients.

Investigation on the Radial Micro-motion about Piston of Axial Piston Pump

The limit working parameters and service life of axial piston pump are determined by the carrying ability and lubrication characteristic of its key friction pairs. Therefore, the design and optimization of the key friction pairs are always a key and difficult problem in the research on axial piston pump. In the traditional research on piston/cylinder pair, the assembly relationship of piston and cylinder bore is simplified into ideal cylindrical pair, which can not be used to analyze the influences of radial micro-motion of piston on the distribution characteristics of oil-film thickness and pressure in details. In this paper, based on the lubrication theory of the oil film, a numerical simulation model is built, taking the influences of roughness, elastic deformation of piston and pressure-viscosity effect into consideration. With the simulation model, the dynamic characteristics of the radial micro-motion and pressure distribution are analyzed, and the relationships between radial micro-motion and carrying ability, lubrication condition, and abrasion are discussed. Furthermore, a model pump for pressure distribution measurement of oil film between piston and cylinder bore is designed. The comparison of simulation and experimental results of pressure distribution shows that the simulation model has high accuracy. The experiment and simulation results demonstrate that the pressure distribution has peak values that are much higher than the boundary pressure in the piston chamber due to the radial micro-motion, and the abrasion of piston takes place mainly on the hand close to piston ball. In addition, improvement of manufacturing roundness and straightness of piston and cylinder bore is helpful to improve the carrying ability of piston/cylinder pair. The proposed research provides references for designing piston/cylinder pair, and helps to prolong the service life of axial piston pump.

Theoretical Calculations and Experimental Verification for the Pumping Effect Caused by the Dynamic Micro-tapered Angle

The atomizer with micro cone apertures has advantages of ultra-fine atomized droplets, low power consumption and low temperature rise. The current research of this kind of atomizer mainly focuses on the performance and its application while there is less research of the principle of the atomization. Under the analysis of the dispenser and its micro-tapered aperture＇s deformation, the volume changes during the deformation and vibration of the micro-tapered aperture on the dispenser are calculated by coordinate transformation. Based on the characters of the flow resistance in a cone aperture, it is found that the dynamic cone angle results from periodical changes of the volume of the micro-tapered aperture of the atomizer and this change drives one-way flows. Besides, an experimental atomization platform is established to measure the atomization rates with different resonance frequencies of the cone aperture atomizer. The atomization performances of cone aperture and straight aperture atomizers are also measured. The experimental results show the existence of the pumping effect of the dynamic tapered angle. This effect is usually observed in industries that require low dispersion and micro- and nanoscale grain sizes, such as during production of high-pressure nozzles and inhalation therapy. Strategies to minimize the pumping effect of the dynamic cone angle or improve future designs are important concerns. This research proposes that dynamic micro-tapered angle is an important cause of atomization of the atomizer with micro cone apertures.

Evaluation of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics relationships for Salvianolic Acid B micro-porous osmotic pump pellets in angina pectoris rabbit

The work aims to investigate the in vitro release,pharmacokinetics(PK),pharmacodynamics(PD)and PK-PD relationships of Salvianolic Acid B micro-porous osmotic pump pellets(SalB-MPOPs)in angina pectoris New Zealand White(NZW)rabbits,compared with those of SalB immediate-release pellets(SalB-IRPs).The SalB plasma concentrations and Superoxide dismutase levels(PD index)were recorded continuously at predetermined time interval after administration,and the related parameters were calculated by using Win-Nonlin software.The release profile of MPOPs was more sustained than that of IRPs.PK results indicated that the mean C_(max) was significantly lower,the SalB plasma concentrations were steadier,both area under concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h(AUC_(0-24 h))and from 0 to infinity(AUC_(0-∞))were presented larger,and both the peak concentration time(T_(max))and mean residence time(MRT)were prolonged for MPOPs,as compared with those of IRPs.PD results suggested that peak drug effect(E_(max))was lower and the equilibration rate constant(k_(e0))between the central compartment and the effect compartment was higher of MPOPs vs.those of IRPs.PKePD relationships demonstrated that the effectconcentration-time(ECT)course of MPOPs was clockwise hysteresis loop,and that of IRPs was counter-clockwise hysteresis loop.Collectively,those results demonstrated that MPOPs were potential formulations in treating angina pectoris induced by atherosclerosis.

Stokes flow of micro-polar fluids by peristaltic pumping through tube with slip boundary condition

This paper studies the Stokes flow of micro-polar fluids by peristaltic pumping through the cylindrical tube under the effect of the slip boundary condition. The motion of the wall is governed by the sinusoidal wave equation. The analytical and numerical solutions for the axial velocity, the micro-polar vector, the stream function, the pressure gradient, the friction force, and the mechanical efficiency are obtained by using the lu- brication theory under the low Reynolds number and long wavelength approximations. The impacts of the emerging parameters, such as the coupling number, the micro-polar parameter, the slip parameter on pumping characteristics, the friction force, the velocity profile, the mechanical efficiency, and the trapping phenomenon are depicted graphically. The numerical results infer that large pressure is required for peristaltic pumping when the coupling number is large, while opposite behaviors are found for the micro-polar parameter and the slip parameter. The size of the trapped bolus reduces with the increase in the coupling number and the micro-polar parameter, whereas it blows up with the increase in the slip parameter.

Application of Large-diameter and Long-span Micro-expansive Pumping Concrete Filled Steel Tube Arch Bridge

In this article the high strength micro-expansive concrete that has been applied on big-diameter and long-span steel arch bridge is researched. The applications show that the concrete has some merits, such as good fluidity, low bleeding ratio and no segregation, low slump loss, high early strength and high later strength, micro-expansion etc.

Effects of proton pump inhibitors on inflammatory bowel disease:An updated review

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is believed to be caused by various factors,including abnormalities in disease susceptibility genes,environmental factors,immune factors,and intestinal bacteria.Proton pump inhibitors(PPIs)are the primary drugs used to treat acid-related diseases.They are also commonly prescribed to patients with IBD.Recent studies have suggested a potential association between the use of certain medications,such as PPIs,and the occurrence and progression of IBD.In this review,we summarize the potential impact of PPIs on IBD and analyze the underlying mechanisms.Our findings may provide insights for conducting further investigations into the effects of PPIs on IBD and serve as an important reminder for physicians to exercise caution when prescribing PPIs to patients with IBD.

Ultra-Robust and High-Performance Rotational Triboelectric Nanogenerator by Bearing Charge Pumping

As an emerging technology to convert environmental high-entropy energy into electrical energy,triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)has great demands for further enhancing the service lifetime and output performance in practical applications.Here,an ultra-robust and high-performance rotational triboelectric nanogenerator(R-TENG)by bearing charge pumping is proposed.The R-TENG composes of a pumping TENG(P-TENG),an output TENG(O-TENG),a voltage-multiplying circuit(VMC),and a buffer capacitor.The P-TENG is designed with freestanding mode based on a rolling ball bearing,which can also act as the rotating mechanical energy harvester.The output low charge from the P-TENG is accumulated and pumped to the non-contact O-TENG,which can simultaneously realize ultralow mechanical wear and high output performance.The matched instantaneous power of R-TENG is increased by 32 times under 300 r/min.Furthermore,the transferring charge of R-TENG can remain 95%during 15 days(6.4×10^(6)cycles)continuous operation.This work presents a realizable method to further enhance the durability of TENG,which would facilitate the practical applications of high-performance TENG in harvesting distributed ambient micro mechanical energy.

An NMOS output-capacitorless low-dropout regulator with dynamic-strength event-driven charge pump

In this paper,an NMOS output-capacitorless low-dropout regulator(OCL-LDO)featuring dual-loop regulation has been proposed,achieving fast transient response with low power consumption.An event-driven charge pump(CP)loop with the dynamic strength control(DSC),is proposed in this paper,which overcomes trade-offs inherent in conventional structures.The presented design addresses and resolves the large signal stability issue,which has been previously overlooked in the event-driven charge pump structure.This breakthrough allows for the full exploitation of the charge-pump structure's poten-tial,particularly in enhancing transient recovery.Moreover,a dynamic error amplifier is utilized to attain precise regulation of the steady-state output voltage,leading to favorable static characteristics.A prototype chip has been fabricated in 65 nm CMOS technology.The measurement results show that the proposed OCL-LDO achieves a 410 nA low quiescent current(IQ)and can recover within 30 ns under 200 mA/10 ns loading change.

Preface:Development and utilization of pumped storage in closed/abandoned mines

China has embarked on an extensive and sustained endeavor to harness its coal resources for a substantial period.However,the depletion of coal reserves in mining regions has necessitated the closure or abandonment of numerous mines,resulting in a marked increase in the number of such facilities.Parallel to this,China is vigorously advancing the development of a novel energy power system,aimed at transitioning the power sector from a high-carbon,fossil fuel-dependent paradigm to a low-carbon,clean energy footing.

An LED-Side-Pumped Intracavity Frequency-Doubled Nd,Ce:YAG Laser Producing a 2W Q-Switched Red Beam

We report a high-average-power acousto-optic(AO)Q-switched intracavity frequency-doubled red laser based on a high-efficiency light-emitting-diode(LED)pumped two-rod Nd,Ce:YAG laser module.Under quasi-continuous wave operation conditions,a maximum output power of 1319.08 nm wavelength was achieved at 11.26 W at a repetition rate of 100 Hz.

Shugan Jieyu capsule effects on peripheral blood micro-124, micro- 132, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in patients with mild to moderate depression

BACKGROUND To assess the effectiveness of Shugan Jieyu capsules on peripheral blood miR-124,miR-132,and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)levels in patients with mild to moderate depression following coronary artery intervention[percuta-neous coronary intervention(PCI)]for coronary heart disease.Patients with mild-to-moderate depression of the liver-qi stagnation type after PCI for coronary heart disease at the 305th Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army were enrolled from June 2022 to November 2023 and randomly assigned to two groups:Experimental(treated with Shugan Jieyu capsules)and control(tr-eated with escitalopram oxalate tablets).This study compared the antidepressant effects of these treatments using 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HAMD-17)scores,metabolic equivalents,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,BDNF,high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels,miR-124 and miR-132 levels,distribution of immune-related lymphocyte subsets,and traditional Chinese me-dicine syndrome scores before and after 6 weeks of treatment.RESULTS No significant difference was observed in any index between the two groups before treatment(P>0.05).After treatment,the total efficacy rates were 93.33%and 90.00%in the experimental and control groups,respectively.Experimental group had significantly lower scores for the main and secondary syndromes compared to the control group(P<0.05).No significant difference was observed in the metabolic equivalents between the two groups be-fore and after treatment(P>0.05).The levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,high-sensitivity C-reactive pro-tein,and miR-132 were significantly lower,whereas those of miR-124,BDNF,CD3+T lymphocytes,CD3+CD4+T helper lymphocytes,and CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+cells were significantly higher in the experimental group com-pared to the control group(P<0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions during experimental group was signi-ficantly lower than that in control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Shugan Jieyu capsules have good efficacy in patients with mild-to-moderate depression after PCI,and its me-chanism may contribute to the regulation of miR-124,miR-132,BDNF levels,and lymphoid immune cells.

Wear dependent virtual flow rate sensor for progressing cavity pumps with deformable stator

This contribution presents a novel wear dependent virtual flow rate sensor for single stage single lobe progressing cavity pumps. We study the wear-induced material loss of the pump components and the impact of this material loss on the volumetric efficiency. The results are combined with an established backflow model to implement a backflow calculation procedure that is adaptive to wear. We use a laboratory test setup with a highly abrasive fluid and operate a pump from new to worn condition to validate our approach. The obtained measurement data show that the presented virtual sensor is capable of calculating the flow rate of a pump being subject to wear during its regular operation.

Dual-wavelength pumped latticed Fermi-Pasta-Ulam recurrences in nonlinear Schrödinger equation

We show that the nonlinear stage of the dual-wavelength pumped modulation instability(MI)in nonlinear Schrödinger equation(NLSE)can be effectively analyzed by mode truncation methods.The resulting complicated heteroclinic structure of instability unveils all possible dynamic trajectories of nonlinear waves.Significantly,the latticed-Fermi-Pasta-Ulam recurrences on the modulated-wave background in NLSE are also investigated and their dynamic trajectories run along the Hamiltonian contours of the heteroclinic structure.It is demonstrated that there has much richer dynamic behavior,in contrast to the nonlinear waves reported before.This novel nonlinear wave promises to inject new vitality into the study of MI.

Dynamic response characteristics of muddy sandstone in pumped storage mine under action of high-stress dynamic disturbance

During the construction and operation of the abandoned mine pumped storage power station,the underground space surrounding rock body faces the complex stress environment under the action of mining disturbance,frequent pumping,water storage and other dynamic disturbances.The stability of the abandoned mine surrounding rock body is the basis for guaranteeing the safety and effectiveness of water storage in the underground space of the abandoned mine.By considering the two main factors of different stress levels and disturbance amplitudes,the mechanical properties,damage characteristics and acoustic emission characteristics of the abandoned mine perimeter rock body under dynamic disturbance were investigated using a creep-disturbed dynamic impact loading system.The experimental results show that:1)The stress level is considered to be the major contributing factor of the failure of muddy sandstone,followed by the amplitude of the disturbances;2)The time required for the destruction of muddy sandstone decreases with the increase of amplitude.When the stress level is 80%,the sandstone specimens have a decreasing number of cycles as the disturbance amplitude increases.The disturbance amplitude is sequentially increased from 4 MPa to 5,6,7,and 8 MPa,the number of cycles required for specimen destruction decreases significantly by 96.71%,99.13%,99.60%,and 99.93%,respectively;3)Disturbance amplitude and stress level have a significant effect on muddy sandstone damage and damage occurs only after a certain threshold is reached.With the increase of stress level and disturbance amplitude,the macroscopic damage of muddy sandstone is mainly conical,with obvious flake spalling and poor damage integrity;4)According to the time-dependent changes in AE energy and ringing counts,the acoustic emission activity during the failure process could be divided into three phases,namely,weakening period,smooth period,and surge period,corresponding to the compaction phase,elastic rise phase and post-peak damage phase.The research results are of reference significance for the damage evolution analysis of muddy sandstone under dynamic disturbance and the safety and stability of abandoned mine perimeter rock body.

Research on pumped storage and complementary energy development models for abandoned mines in China

Within the framework of achieving carbon neutrality,various industries are confronted with fresh challenges.The ongoing process of downsizing coal industry operations has evolved into a new phase,with the burgeoning proliferation of abandoned mines posing a persistent issue.Addressing the challenges and opportunities presented by these abandoned mines,this paper advocates for a scientific approach centered on the advancement of pumped storage energy alongside gas-oil complementary energy.Leveraging abandoned mine tunnels to establish pumped storage power stations holds significant ecological and economic importance for repurposing these sites.This initiative not only serves as an effective means to restore the ecological balance in mining regions but also provides an environmentally friendly approach to repurposing abandoned mine tunnels,offering a blueprint for economically viable pumped storage power stations.This article delineates five crucial scientific considerations and outlines seven primary models for the utilization of abandoned mine sites,delineating a novel,comprehensive pathway for energy and power development that emphasizes multi-energy complementarity and synergistic optimization within abandoned mines.

Transient Experiments on a Prototype Pump with an Atypical Open Impeller for Different Discharge Valve Openings

In order to obtain the transient characteristics of a low-speed centrifugal pump during the start-up and shutdown stages,dedicated experimental tests were conducted with eight different valve opening conditions.The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to reveal the linear correlation between variables.According to the results,the stable rotational speed decreases with increasing valve opening(rotational speed decreases from approximately 1472 to 1453 r/min),while the stable shaft power exhibits an increasing trend(shaft power increases from approximately 0.242 to 0.390 kW).The stable time and zeroing time of each parameter during start-up and shutdown processes vary,with the flow zeroing time significantly increasing with the relative flow,reaching up to 10.468 s,while the shaft power zeroing time is roughly between 1.219 and 1.375 s.The results demonstrate that with increasing valve opening,the stable and zeroing time of flow significantly increase(|r|greater than 0.95),while the stable and zeroing time of rotational speed,power,and head display a smaller sensitivity on the valve opening(|r|less than 0.6).

In-phase and out-of-phase spin pumping effects in Py/Ru/Pysynthetic antiferromagnetic structures

The spin pumping effect in magnetic heterostructures and multilayers is a highly effective method for the generationand transmission of spin currents. In the increasingly prominent synthetic antiferromagnetic structures, the two ferromagneticlayers demonstrate in-phase and out-of-phase states, corresponding to acoustic and optical precession modes. Withinthis context, our study explores the spin pumping effect in Py/Ru/Py synthetic antiferromagnetic structures across differentmodes. The heightened magnetic damping resulting from the spin pumping effect in the in-phase state initially decreaseswith increasing Py thickness before stabilizing. Conversely, in the out-of-phase state, the amplified damping exceeds thatof the in-phase state, suggesting a greater spin relaxation within this configuration, which demonstrates sensitivity to alterationsin static exchange interactions. These findings contribute to advancing the application of synthetic antiferromagneticstructures in magnonic devices.

Research on Cavitation Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Herringbone Gear Pump

Cavitation is a common issue in pumps,causing a decrease in pump head,a fall in volumetric efficiency,and an intensification of outlet flow pulsation.It is one of the main hazards that affect the regular operation of the pump.Research on pump cavitation mainly focuses on mixed flow pumps,jet pumps,external spur gear pumps,etc.However,there are few cavitation studies on external herringbone gear pumps.In addition,pumps with different working principles significantly differ in the flow and complexity of the internal flow field.Therefore,it is urgent to study the cavitation characteristics of external herringbone gear pumps.Compared with experimentalmethods,visual research and cavitation area identification are achieved through computation fluid dynamic(CFD),and changing the boundary conditions and shape of the gear rotor is easier.The simulation yields a head error of only 0.003%under different grid numbers,and the deviation between experimental and simulation results is less than 5%.The study revealed that cavitation causes flow pulsation at the outlet,and the cavitation serious area is mainly distributed in the meshing gap and meshing area.Cavitation can be inhibited by reducing the speed,increasing the inlet pressure,and changing the helix angle can be achieved.For example,when the inlet pressure is 5 bar,the maximumgas volume fraction in themeshing area is less than 50%.These results provide a reference for optimizing the design and finding the optimal design parameters to reduce or eliminate cavitation.

Evaluation of development potential of pumped hydroelectric storage and geothermal utilization system in abandoned coal mine

Every year in China,a significant number of mines are closed or abandoned.The pumped hydroelectric storage(PHS)and geothermal utilization are vital means to efficiently repurpose resources in abandoned mine.In this work,the development potentials of the PHS and geothermal utilization systems were evaluated.Considering the geological conditions and meteorological data available of Jiahe abandoned mine,a simple evaluation model for PHS and geothermal utilization was established.The average efficiency of the PHS system exceeds 70%and the regulatable energy of a unit volume is over 1.53 kW·h/m^(3).The PHS system achieves optimal performance when the wind/solar power ratio reaches 0.6 and 0.3 in daily and year scale,respectively.In the geothermal utilization system,the outlet temperature and heat production are significantly affected by the injection flow rate.The heat production performance is more stable at lower rate flow,and the proportion of heat production is higher in the initial stage at greater flow rate.As the operating time increases,the proportion of heat production gradually decreases.The cyclic heat storage status has obvious advantages in heat generation and cooling.Furthermore,the energy-saving and emission reduction benefits of PHS and geothermal utilization systems were calculated.