Shugan Jieyu capsule effects on peripheral blood micro-124, micro- 132, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in patients with mild to moderate depression

BACKGROUND To assess the effectiveness of Shugan Jieyu capsules on peripheral blood miR-124,miR-132,and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)levels in patients with mild to moderate depression following coronary artery intervention[percuta-neous coronary intervention(PCI)]for coronary heart disease.Patients with mild-to-moderate depression of the liver-qi stagnation type after PCI for coronary heart disease at the 305th Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army were enrolled from June 2022 to November 2023 and randomly assigned to two groups:Experimental(treated with Shugan Jieyu capsules)and control(tr-eated with escitalopram oxalate tablets).This study compared the antidepressant effects of these treatments using 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HAMD-17)scores,metabolic equivalents,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,BDNF,high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels,miR-124 and miR-132 levels,distribution of immune-related lymphocyte subsets,and traditional Chinese me-dicine syndrome scores before and after 6 weeks of treatment.RESULTS No significant difference was observed in any index between the two groups before treatment(P>0.05).After treatment,the total efficacy rates were 93.33%and 90.00%in the experimental and control groups,respectively.Experimental group had significantly lower scores for the main and secondary syndromes compared to the control group(P<0.05).No significant difference was observed in the metabolic equivalents between the two groups be-fore and after treatment(P>0.05).The levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,high-sensitivity C-reactive pro-tein,and miR-132 were significantly lower,whereas those of miR-124,BDNF,CD3+T lymphocytes,CD3+CD4+T helper lymphocytes,and CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+cells were significantly higher in the experimental group com-pared to the control group(P<0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions during experimental group was signi-ficantly lower than that in control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Shugan Jieyu capsules have good efficacy in patients with mild-to-moderate depression after PCI,and its me-chanism may contribute to the regulation of miR-124,miR-132,BDNF levels,and lymphoid immune cells.

Designing bioactive micro-/nanomotors for engineered regeneration

Micro/nanoscale motors(MNMs)have been regarded as promising tools in the field of engineered regeneration due to unique property of autonomous motion.Herein,a review on the advancements of MNMs in the area of engineered regeneration is presented,covering aspects from their propulsion mechanisms to their frontiers in engineered regeneration,listing the revolutionary applications in biosensing,medical imaging,drug delivery and tissue engineering.Finally,challenges and future directions of MNMs are finally discussed on the basis of the achievements.

Ultrafast Synthesis of Metal-Layered Hydroxides in a Dozen Seconds for High-Performance Aqueous Zn(Micro-)Battery

Efficient synthesis of transition metal hydroxides on conductive substrate is essential for enhancing their merits in industrialization of energy storage field.However,most of the synthetic routes at present mainly rely on traditional bottom-up method,which involves tedious steps,time-consuming treatments,or additional alkaline media,and is unfavorable for high-efficiency production.Herein,we present a facile,ultrafast and general avenue to synthesize transition metal hydroxides on carbon substrate within 13 s by Joule-heating method.With high reaction kinetics caused by the instantaneous high temperature,seven kinds of transition metal-layered hydroxides(TM-LDHs)are formed on carbon cloth.Therein,the fastest synthesis rate reaches~0.46 cm^(2)s^(-1).Density functional theory calculations further demonstrate the nucleation energy barriers and potential mechanism for the formation of metal-based hydroxides on carbon substrates.This efficient approach avoids the use of extra agents,multiple steps,and long production time and endows the LDHs@carbon cloth with outstanding flexibility and machinability,showing practical advantages in both common and micro-zinc ion-based energy storage devices.To prove its utility,as a cathode in rechargeable aqueous alkaline Zn(micro-)battery,the NiCo LDH@carbon cloth exhibits a high energy density,superior to most transition metal LDH materials reported so far.

Recent Advances in One‑Dimensional Micro/Nanomotors:Fabrication,Propulsion and Application

Due to their tiny size,autonomous motion and functionalize modifications,micro/nanomotors have shown great potential for environmental remediation,biomedicine and micro/nano-engineering.One-dimensional(1D)micro/nanomotors combine the characteristics of anisotropy and large aspect ratio of 1D materials with the advantages of functionalization and autonomous motion of micro/nanomotors for revolutionary applications.In this review,we discuss current research progress on 1D micro/nanomotors,including the fabrication methods,driving mechanisms,and recent advances in environmental remediation and biomedical applications,as well as discuss current challenges and possible solutions.With continuous attention and innovation,the advancement of 1D micro/nanomotors will pave the way for the continued development of the micro/nanomotor field.

In-situ hydrocarbon formation and accumulation mechanisms of micro- and nano-scale pore-fracture in Gulong shale, Songliao Basin, NE China

By conducting experimental analyses, including thermal pyrolysis, micro-/nano-CT, argon-ion polishing field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR), the Gulong shale oil in the Songliao Basin was investigated with respect to formation model, pore structure and accumulation mechanism. First, in the Gulong shale, there are a large number of pico-algae, nano-algae and dinoflagellates, which were formed in brackish water environment and constituted the hydrogen-rich oil source materials of shale. Second, most of the oil-generating materials of the Qingshankou Formation shale exist in the form of organo-clay complex. During organic matter thermal evolution, clay minerals had double effects of suppression and catalytic hydrogenation, which expanded shale oil window and increased light hydrocarbon yield. Third, the formation of storage space in the Gulong Shale was related to dissolution and hydrocarbon generation. With the diagenesis, micro-/nano-pores increased, pore diameter decreased and more bedding fractures appeared, which jointly gave rise to the unique reservoir with dual media (i.e. nano-scale pores and micro-scale bedding fractures) in the Gulong shale. Fourth, the micro-/nano-scale oil storage unit in the Gulong shale exhibits independent oil/gas occurrence phase, and shows that all-size pores contain oils, which occur in condensate state in micropores or in oil-gas two phase (or liquid) state in macropores/mesopores. The understanding about Gulong shale oil formation and accumulation mechanism has theoretical and practical significance for advancing continental shale oil exploration in China.

Visible light triggered exfoliation of COF micro/nanomotors for efficient photocatalysis

We report a new facile light-induced strategy to disperse micron-sized aggregated bulk covalent organic frameworks(COFs)into isolated COFs nanoparticles.This was achieved by a series of metal-coordinated COFs,namely COF-909-Cu,-Co or-Fe,where for the first time the diffusio-phoretic propulsion was utilized to design COF-based micro/nanomotors.The mechanism studies revealed that the metal ions decorated in the COF-909 backbone could promote the separation of electron and holes and trigger the production of sufficient ionic and reactive oxygen species under visible light irradiation.In this way,strong light-induced self-diffusiophoretic effect is achieved,resulting in good dispersion of COFs.Among them,COF-909-Fe showed the highest dispersion performance,along with a drastic decrease in particle size from 5μm to500 nm,within only 30 min light irradiation,which is inaccessible by using traditional magnetic stirring or ultrasonication methods.More importantly,benefiting from the outstanding dispersion efficiency,COF-909-Fe micro/nanomotors were demonstrated to be efficient in photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline,about 8 times faster than using traditional magnetic stirring method.This work opens up a new avenue to prepare isolated nanosized COFs in a high-fast,simple,and green manner.

微纳米马达聚集的驱动方式以及应用研究现状

简单阐述了微纳米马达及相关领域的发展历程,详细介绍了在微纳米马达驱动技术的基础上调控微纳米马达发生聚集,重点阐述了通过化学驱动和物理驱动等一系列驱动方式使微纳米马达之间相互发生作用、产生运动并在可控的情况下表现出的聚集行为。从聚集现象能有效提升微纳米马达执行任务的效率、增强完成复杂任务能力的角度出发,归纳了通过化学能、声能、磁能、电能、光能来驱动微纳米马达进而实现聚集的研究成果,总结了近年来微纳米马达在聚集领域的研究进展,以及在生物医学中对相关疾病治疗的成功应用。最后,对微纳米马达聚集现象的未来发展方向与面临的挑战进行了展望。

A Review on Artificial Micro/Nanomotors for Cancer-Targeted Delivery, Diagnosis, and Therapy

Micro/nanomotors have been extensively explored for efficient cancer diagnosis and therapy,as evidenced by significant breakthroughs in the design of micro/nanomotors-based intelligent and comprehensive biomedical platforms.Here,we demonstrate the recent advances of micro/nanomotors in the field of cancer-targeted delivery,diagnosis,and imaging-guided therapy,as well as the challenges and problems faced by micro/nanomotors in clinical applications.The outlook for the future development of micro/nanomotors toward clinical applications is also discussed.We hope to highlight these new advances in micro/nanomotors in the field of cancer diagnosis and therapy,with the ultimate goal of stimulating the successful exploration of intelligent micro/nanomotors for future clinical applications.

MICRO-Ⅱ网络数据采集方案

从工厂底层自动化及信息集成技术角度 ,详细介绍了GD公司MICRO Ⅱ控制系统的特点及其网络结构 ,提出了实现MICRO Ⅱ系统网络数据采集的 2种解决方案的可行性。通过对MICRO Ⅱ数据采集的实现 ,完全可以改变GDX1/X2包装机组目前的“信息孤岛”状态。

Osteoblast Behavior on Hierarchical Micro-/Nano-Structured Titanium Surface

In the present work, osteoblast behavior on a hierarchical micro-/nano-structured titanium surface was investigated. A hi- erarchical hybrid micro-/nano-structured titanium surface topography was produced via Electrolytic Etching （EE）. MG-63 cells were cultured on disks for 2 h to 7 days. The osteoblast response to the hierarchical hybrid micro-/nano-structured titanium surface was evaluated through the osteoblast cell morphology, attachment and proliferation. For comparison, MG-63 cells were also cultured on Sandblasted and Acid-etched （SEA） as well as Machined （M） surfaces respectively. The results show signifi- cant differences in the adhesion rates and proliferation levels of MG-63 cells on EE, SLA, and M surfaces. Both adhesion rate and proliferation level on EE surface are higher than those on SLA and M surfaces. Therefore, we may expect that, comparing with SLA and M surfaces, bone growth on EE surface could be accelerated and bone formation could be promoted at an early stage, which could be applied in the clinical practices for immediate and early-stage loadings.

Macro-and Micro-Properties of Two Natural Marine Clays in China

In this paper,macro-and micro-properties of natural marine clay in two different and representative regions of China are investigated in detail.In addition to in-situ tests,soil samples are collected by use of Shelby tubes for laboratory examination in Shanghai and Zhuhai respectively,two coastal cities in China.In the laboratory tests,macro-properties such as consolidation characteristics and undrained shear strength are measured.Moreover,X-ray diffraction test,scanning electron microscope test,and mercury intrusion test are carried out for the investigation of their micro-properties including clay minerals and microstructure.The study shows that：（1）both clays are Holocene series formations,classified as either normal or underconsolidated soils.The initial gradient of the stress-strain curves shows their increase with increasing consolidation pressure;however,the Shanghai and the Zhuhai clays are both structural soils with the latter shown to be more structured than the former.As a result,the Zhuhai clay shows strain softening behavior at low confining pressures,but strain hardening at high pressures.In contrast,the Shanghai clay mainly manifests strain-hardening.（2）An activity ranges from 0.75 to 1.30 for the Shanghai marine clay and from 0.5 to 0.85 for the Zhuhai marine clay.The main clay mineral is illite in the Shanghai clay and kaolinite in the Zhuhai clay.The Zhuhai clay is mainly characterized by a flocculated structure,while the typical Shanghai clay shows a dispersed structure.The porous structure of the Shanghai clay is characterized mainly by large and medium-sized pores,while the Zhuhai clay porous structure is mainly featured by small and medium-sized pores.The differences in their macro-and micro-properties can be attributed to different sedimentation environments.

Femtosecond Laser Thermal Accumulation-Triggered Micro-/Nanostructures with Patternable and Controllable Wettability Towards Liquid Manipulating

Versatile liquid manipulating surfaces combining patternable and controllable wettability have recently motivated considerable attention owing to their significant advantages in droplet-solid impacting behaviors,microdroplet self-removal,and liquid–liquid interface reaction applications.However,developing a facile and efficient method to fabricate these versatile surfaces remains an enormous challenge.In this paper,a strategy for the fabrication of liquid manipulating surfaces with patternable and controllable wettability on Polyimide(PI)film based on femtosecond laser thermal accumulation engineering is proposed.Because of its controllable micro-/nanostructures and chemical composition through adjusting the local thermal accumulation,the wettability of PI film can be tuned from superhydrophilicity(~3.6°)to superhydrophobicity(~151.6°).Furthermore,three diverse surfaces with patternable and heterogeneous wettability were constructed and various applications were successfully realized,including water transport,droplet arrays,and liquid wells.This work may provide a facile strategy for achieving patternable and controllable wettability efficiently and developing multifunctional liquid steering surfaces.

Micro- and nanoporous materials capable of absorbing solvents and oils reversibly： the state of the art

Treatment of petroleum spills and organic solvent pollution in general is an important issue; several techniques are under development to remove oil from water. The use of absorbents is one of the most common techniques to tackle this problem. These absorbents can be classified based on their characteristics of recyclability into irreversible and reversible ones. In this review, we discuss the application of several materials as oil absorbents, according to their classification and characteristics such as hydrophobicity, surface area and oil absorption capacity. Also, the fabrication methods for some materials are presented and analyzed.

Micro-configuration Observation of Porous Bioceramic for Sliding on Intestinal Mucus Film

The microstructure of the prepared porous bioceramic material, including surface porosity and apparent contact area with the artificial mucus film are computed and analyzed. The surface micro-configurations of the porous material before and after sliding on the mucus film are observed in 2 D and 3 D by digital microsco py, We describe how much mucus enters and stays within different pares, and how the porous material with rough/ porous surface contacts with the mucus film （ elastic surfucel gel ） . The presented results illustrate that the material with different porous structure can lead to different mucus suction, surface scraping and changes of contact area and condition during sliding, which will be active for high friction of robotic endoscope with the intestinal wall for intestinal locomotion.

Preparation and Mechanical Properties of Micro- and Nano-sized SiC/Fluoroelastomer Composites

Microand nano-sized SiC/fluoroelastomer （FKM） composites were prepared by a mechanical mixing method. These composites were first characterized by a rotorless rheometer. Then the effects of micro- and nano-sized SiC on hardness, static and dynamic mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. The increasing amount of the SiC filler increased the curing efficiency of the biphenyl curing system, which was evident from the rheometric properties of the resulting composites. The tensile properties of composite increased with the increasing of micro- and nano-sized SiC content. When the micro- and nano-sized SiC content was higher than 20 phr, the composites showed almost unchanged tensile properties. The increasing of the tensile property was mainly attributed to the well dispersed micro- and nano-sized SiC particles characterized by SEM images. Compared to pure FKM, the composites exhibited a higher glass transition temperature and lower tan peak value.

铂基双面神微纳米马达运动的增强策略

铂基微纳米马达制备简单,组成稳定,多作为典型体系开展化学驱动微纳米马达的相关研究。化学驱动微纳米马达的运动易受提供驱动力的化学反应的制约,很难在不改变燃料浓度的情况下实现运动速度的提升。将铂基双面神微纳米马达作为研究对象,探索化学驱动微纳米马达的运动增强策略;通过引入过渡金属氧化物层构建异质结,在聚苯乙烯微球(PS)@过渡金属氧化物(CuO或WO_(3))核壳粒子表面半包覆铂,构建PS@过渡金属氧化物-铂基双面神微纳米马达。结果表明:通过构建异质结,H_(2)O_(2)的催化转化速率得到提升,铂基双面神微纳米马达的运动速度从22μm/s提升至35μm/s,实现铂基双面神微纳米马达的运动增强,运动速度的提升取决于铂与过渡金属氧化物之间的电子迁移速率。

高效黏膜穿透的近红外光驱动的黏惰性纳米马达

黏液层覆盖在黏膜上方,是人体的免疫防线,其在利用静电和疏水作用高效吸附并滞留外来粒子的同时也阻碍了载药纳米粒子的穿透,这给基于纳米载体的跨黏膜疾病的治疗带来困难.本文制备了一种近红外光驱动的具有黏液惰性的纳米马达,用于快速穿透黏液层进行黏膜递送.该纳米马达以表面氨基化的介孔二氧化硅纳米粒子作为主体,将两性离子聚合物聚羧基甜菜碱甲基丙烯酸酯(pCBMA)接枝于其上得到黏液惰性的纳米粒子MSNs-pCBMA;随后,通过将金沉积在MSNs-pCBMA半表面上得到Janus型纳米马达JMSNs-pCBMA,其可以在近红外光的照射下定向运动.透射电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线能谱和热重分析等表征结果表明合成了JMSNs-pCBMA,水合粒径为(329±14)nm,pCBMA的接枝量为0.114 g/g.光热响应实验表明,JMSNs-pCBMA溶液在近红外光照射下具有良好的升温能力.此外,黏液渗透实验表明,pCBMA的接枝和近红外光驱动均提高了纳米粒子在黏液中的渗透能力,其中JMSNs-pCBMA在近红外光照射4 h后黏液渗透率达到了52.4%,表观渗透系数达到21.9×10^(-6)cm/s,且在黏液中的运动速度为3.28μm/s.体外细胞实验表明,JMSNs-pCBMA具有良好的生物相容性,可在体外被Calu-3细胞高效摄取.本文制备了一种具有快速穿透黏液层能力的纳米马达,为跨黏液层递送载体的构建提供了新思路,将推动纳米马达在黏膜递送中的应用.

治疗癌症的“奇兵”——微纳米马达

目前癌症的发病率正在逐渐上升,为实现精准且低毒害的治疗目标,科学家们设计了智能的微纳米马达材料。这类微小的智能装置可在外界条件控制下靶向于甚至进入癌细胞,从而靶向运输药物,最终实现癌症的治疗。为了使这项技术得到更广泛的认识,本文采用拟人化手法,以微纳米马达与免疫细胞共同消灭癌细胞的故事为主体,简单介绍微纳米马达的制备、驱动方式以及治疗原理。

Medical micro-and nanomotors in the body

Attributed to the miniaturized body size and active mobility,micro-and nanomotors(MNMs)have demonstrated tremendous potential for medical applications.However,from bench to bedside,massive efforts are needed to address critical issues,such as cost-effective fabrication,on-demand integration of multiple functions,biocompatibility,biodegradability,controlled propulsion and in vivo navigation.Herein,we summarize the advances of biomedical MNMs reported in the past two decades,with particular emphasis on the design,fabrication,propulsion,navigation,and the abilities of biological barriers penetration,biosensing,diagnosis,minimally invasive surgery and targeted cargo delivery.Future perspectives and challenges are discussed as well.This review can lay the foundation for the future direction of medical MNMs,pushing one step forward on the road to achieving practical theranostics using MNMs.

Chemotactic nanomotor for multimodal combined therapy of glioblastoma

Glioblastoma(GBM) is the most aggressive malignant brain tumor. Due to the infiltration and heterogeneity of GBM, the obstruction of the blood-brain barrier(BBB) and the unique immunosuppressive mechanism, it is hard to achieve significant effects of GBM treatment. Here, a kind of chemotactic nanomotor that loaded with glucose oxidase(GOx) and carboxylated cisplatin(Pt(IV)) prodrug on the L-arginine-derived polymer is proposed. The nanomotors are driven by catalysis of glucose decomposition and the positive chemotaxis towards the GBM microenvironment where inducible nitric oxide synthase and reactive oxygen species are highly expressed. This facilitates the BBB crossing and GBM targeting of the nanomotors. In addition, the released nitric oxide(NO) during propulsion as well as the loaded GOx and Pt(IV) can exert combined NO/starvation/chemotherapy. Meanwhile, it is able to induce and enhance the immune response through multiple pathways, thus better coping with the complexities of GBM treatment.