Photoacoustic/ultrasound dual-modal imaging of human nails: A pilot study

Traditional diagnostic techniques including visual examination,ultrasound(US),and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)have limitations of in-depth information for the detection of nail disorders,resolution,and practicality.This pilot study,for thefirst time,evaluates a dualmodality imaging system that combines photoacoustic tomography(PAT)with the US for the multiparametric quantitative assessment of human nail.The study involved a small cohort offive healthy volunteers who underwent PAT/US imaging for acquiring the nail unit data.The PAT/US dual-modality imaging successfully revealed thefine anatomical structures and microvascular distribution within the nail and nail bed.Moreover,this system utilized multispectral PAT to analyze functional tissue parameters,including oxygenated hemoglobin,deoxyhemoglobin,oxygen saturation,and collagen under tourniquet and cold stimulus tests to evaluate changes in the microcirculation of the nail bed.The quantitative analysis of multispectral PAT reconstructed images demonstrated heightened sensitivity in detecting alterations in blood oxygenation levels and collagen content within the nail bed,under simulated different physiological conditions.This pilot study highlights the potential of PAT/US dual-modality imaging as a real-time,noninvasive diagnostic modality for evaluating human nail health and for early detection of nail bed pathologies.

Functional Outcomes of Adult Tibia Shaft Fractures Treated with Solid Intramedullary Nails versus Hollow Nails: A Systematic Review

Introduction: The management of fractures of the tibia shaft is an important aspect of orthopaedic care, and the selection of the surgical method for fixation can substantially impact patient outcomes. The current review aims to compare the outcomes of adult tibia fractures treated with solid nails to those treated with hollow nails. Methods: A search on Scopus, PubMed, and Cochrane Library, using three keywords (Outcome, Tibia shaft fractures, Nail) was conducted in April 2023. Results were compiled and two independent reviewers screened and selected eligible articles After removing duplicates, titles and abstracts were read to exclude ineligible studies. Full-text articles of the remaining papers were read to select eligible studies which were further critically appraised to ascertain their methodological quality. The data extracted from the selected papers were synthesized using a combination of pooling of results, tests of statistical difference (t-test and chi-square) and narrative synthesis methods. Results: A total of 2295 articles were obtained from the databases and citation searching. A total of 9 papers were identified as eligible and included in the review. Findings revealed that there is no statistical difference in the outcomes of tibia fractures treated with either solid or hollow nail groups such as duration of surgery (p = 0.541), rate of delayed and non-union (p = 0.342), and rate of surgical site infections (p = 0.395). Conclusion: Intramedullary nailing of tibia shaft fractures with either solid or hollow nails have similar functional outcomes.

Early Treatment Outcome of Humeral Shaft Fracture Non-Union in Adults: Comparative Study of Plating versus Interlocking Nailing

Background: Fractures of humeral shaft in adults are common injuries. Humeral shafts non-union either from late presentation after initial treatment by traditional bone setters or failed non-operative orthodox care is a major problem in this part of the world. This non-union is a major treatment challenge with increased cost of care and morbidity in this part of the world. Humeral shaft non-union can be treated with locked intra-medullary nailing (LIMN) or dynamic compression plating (DCP). Study on comparison of these methods of fixation in this part of the world is scarce in literature search, hence the reason for this study. Objective: The objectives of this study are: (1) to compare early clinical outcome following fixation of humeral shaft fracture nonunion with DCP versus LIMN;(2) to compare the time of radiologic fracture union of DCP with LIMN;(3) to compare complications following fixation of humeral shaft fracture nonunion with DCP versus LIMN. Patients and Methods: This was a randomized control study done for 2 years in which fifty adult patients with humeral shaft non-union were recruited. The patients were grouped into 2 (P = DCP & N = LIMN). Forty five of the patients completed the follow up periods of the study and then analyzed. The P group had ORIF with DCP while the N group had ORIF with LIMN. Both groups had grafting with cancellous bones. Each patient was followed up for a period of 6 months at the time which radiographic union is expected. Any patient without clinical and/or radiographic evidence of union after six months of surgery was diagnosed as having recurrent non-union. The data generated was analyzed using SPSS Version 23. The results were presented in charts and tables. The paired t-test was used while considering p value Result: Forty five patients completed follow up. There was a male preponderance (4:1), right humerus predominated (3:2). Motor vehicular accidents were the commonest cause of the fractures (62%). Most non-union fractures occurred at the level of the middle 3rd of the humeral shaft (60%). Failed TBS treatment was the commonest indication for the osteosynthesis (71%). More patients had plating (53%) compared to 47% who had LIMN. Most patients (93.4%) had union between 3 to 6 months irrespective of fixation type with no significant statistical difference between the union rate of DCP and LIMN (p value 0.06) with similar functional outcome and complication rates irrespective of the type of fixation. Conclusion: This study showed that the success rates in term of fracture union, outcome functional grades and complication rates were not directly dependent on the types of the fixation: plating or locked intra-medullary nailing.

Proximal Femur Bionic Nail (PFBN): A Panacea for Unstable Intertrochanteric Femur Fracture

With the aging population,intertrochanteric femur fracture in the elderly has become one of the most serious public health issues and a hot topic of research in trauma orthopedics.Due to the limitations of internal fixation techniques and the insufficient mechanical design of nails,the occurrence of complications delays patient recovery after surgical treatment.Design of a proximal femur bionic nail(PFBN)based on Zhang’s N triangle theory provides triangular supporting fixation,which dramatically decreases the occurrence of complications and has been widely used for clinical treatment of unstable intertrochanteric femur fracture worldwide.In this work,we developed an equivalent biomechanical model to analyze improvement in bone remodeling of unstable intertrochanteric femur fracture through PFBN use.The results show that compared with proximal femoral nail antirotation(PFNA)and InterTan,PFBN can dramatically decrease the maximum strain in the proximal femur.Based on Frost’s mechanostat theory,the local mechanical environment in the proximal femur can be regulated into the medium overload region by using a PFBN,which may render the proximal femur in a state of physiological overload,favoring post-operative recovery of intertrochanteric femur fracture in the elderly.This work shows that PFBN may constitute a panacea for unstable intertrochanteric femur fracture and provides insights into improving methods of internal fixation.

Meta-analysis of the clinical efficacy of the Gamma3 nail vs Gamma3U-blade system in the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures

BACKGROUND The traditional Gamma3 nail is a mainstream treatment for femoral intertrochanteric fractures.Literature reports that the Gamma3U-blade system can increase the stability of the Gamma3 nail and reduce complication incidence.However,comparative studies between the Gamma3U-blade and Gamma3 systems are limited;hence,this meta-analysis was performed to explore the clinical efficacy of these two surgical methods.AIM To investigate the clinical efficacy of Gamma3 and Gamma3 U-blade for intertrochanteric fractures.METHODS A computerized search for Chinese and English literature published from 2010 to 2022 was conducted in PubMed,Cochrane,CNKI,Wanfang,and VIP databases.The search keywords were gamma 3,gamma 3 U blade,and intertrochanteric fracture.Additionally,literature tracking was performed on the references of published literature.The data were analyzed using Revman 5.3 software.Two individuals checked the inputs for accuracy.Continuous variables were described using mean difference and standard deviation,and outcome effect sizes were expressed using ratio OR and 95%confidence interval(CI).High heterogeneity was considered at(P<0.05,I2>50%),moderate heterogeneity at I2 from 25%to 50%,and low heterogeneity at(P≥0.05,I2<50%).RESULTS Following a comprehensive literature search,review,and analysis,six articles were selected for inclusion in this study.This selection comprised five articles in English and one in Chinese,with publication years spanning from 2016 to 2022.The study with the largest sample size,conducted by Seungbae in 2021,included a total of 304 cases.Statistical analysis:A total of 1063 patients were included in this meta-analysis.The main outcome indicators were:Surgical time:The Gamma3U blade system had a longer surgical time compared to Gamma3 nails(P=0.006,I2=76%).Tip-apex distance:No statistical significance or heterogeneity was observed(P=0.65,I2=0%).Harris Hip score:No statistical significance was found,and low heterogeneity was detected(P=0.26,I2=22%).Union time:No statistical significance was found,and high heterogeneity was detected(P=0.05,I2=75%).CONCLUSION Our study indicated that the Gamma3 system reduces operative time compared to the Gamma3 U-blade system in treating intertrochanteric fractures.Both surgical methods proved to be safe and effective for this patient group.These findings may offer valuable insights and guidance for future surgical protocols in hip fracture patients.

Comparative efficacy of proximal femoral nail vs dynamic condylar screw in treating unstable intertrochanteric fractures

BACKGROUND Among the most frequent hip fractures are trochanteric fractures,which usually occur from low-energy trauma like minor falls,especially in older people with osteoporotic bones.AIM To evaluate the treatment efficacy of dynamic condylar screws(DCS)and proximal femoral nails(PFN)for unstable intertrochanteric fractures.METHODS To find pertinent randomized controlled trials and retrospective observational studies comparing PFN with DCS for the management of unstable femoral intertrochanteric fractures,a thorough search was carried out.For research studies published between January 1996 and April 2024,PubMed,EMBASE,Scopus,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,and Google Scholar were all searched.The complete texts of the papers were retrieved,vetted,and independently examined by two investigators.Disputes were settled by consensus,and any disagreements that persisted were arbitrated by a third author.RESULTS This study included six articles,comprising a total of 173 patients.Compared to the DCS,the PFN had a shorter operation time[mean difference(MD):-41.7 min,95%confidence interval(95%CI):-63.04 to-20.35,P=0.0001],higher success rates with closed reduction techniques[risk ratio(RR):34.05,95%CI:11.12-104.31,P<0.00001],and required less intraoperative blood transfusion(MD:-1.4 units,95%CI:-1.80 to-1.00,P<0.00001).Additionally,the PFN showed shorter fracture union time(MD:-6.92 wk,95%CI:-10.27 to-3.57,P<0.0001)and a lower incidence of reoperation(RR:0.37,95%CI:0.17-0.82,P=0.01).However,there was no discernible variation regarding hospital stay,implant-related complications,and infections.CONCLUSION Compared to DCS,PFN offers shorter operative times,reduces the blood transfusions requirements,achieves higher closed reduction success,enables faster fracture healing,and lowers reoperation incidence.

Conversion hip arthroplasty for failed nailing of intertrochanteric fracture: Reflections on some important aspects

In this editorial,I present my comments on the article by Solarino et al.Conversion hip arthroplasty,which is an optional salvage procedure performed following unsuccessful fixation of intertrochanteric femur fractures in elderly pati-ents,entails more complex processes and higher rates of operative complications than primary arthroplasty.Hence,it is important to consider the appropriateness of the primary treatment choice,as well as the adequacy of nailing fixation for intertrochanteric fractures.This article briefly analyzes the possible factors contributing to the nailing failure of intertrochanteric fractures and attempts to find corresponding countermeasures to prevent fixation failures.It also analyzes the choice of treatment between nailing fixation and primary arthroplasty for intertrochanteric fractures.

Total hip arthroplasty following the failure of intertrochanteric nailing:First implant or salvage surgery?

BACKGROUND Proximal femur fractures,including both intracapsular(femoral neck fractures)and extracapsular fractures(intertrochanteric femoral fractures,IFFs),affect around 1.5 million people per year worldwide.Mechanical failures of intertrochanteric nailing in IFFs could be managed with revision total hip arthroplasty(THA).AIM To describe the surgical complexity and the procedure-related complication rates in patients with trochanteric nailing failure and treated with THA.METHODS Patients referred to our level I trauma center between April 2012 and July 2018 with failed cephalomedullary nailing following trochanteric fractures were retrospectively recruited.All patients underwent a salvage surgical procedure,i.e.,cephalomedullary nail removal and conversion to THA.The same surgical and anesthesiology team performed the surgical procedures under spinal anesthesia.All patients underwent clinical and radiographic follow-ups for at least 24 mo.Complications and re-operations were recorded.RESULTS Seventy-four patients met the inclusion criteria(male:29;female:45;mean age:73.8-years-old;range:65-89)and were included in the current study.The average operative time was 117 min(76-192 min).The average blood loss was 585 mL(430-1720 mL).Among the 74 patients,43(58.1%)required transfusion of three or more blood units.Two patients died within the 4th d after surgery because of pulmonary embolism,and 1 patient died 9 mo after surgery due to ischemic myocardial infarction.The complication rate in the 71 patients who completed the minimum 24-mo follow-up was 22.5%.In 3 cases out of 71(4.2%)periprosthetic acetabular fracture was observed during the followup.One of these periacetabular fractures occurred intraoperatively.An intraoperative periprosthetic femur fracture was observed in 5 patients out of 71(7.0%).Four of these patients needed a re-operation to fix the fracture with plates and cerclages;in one of these patients,femoral stem revision was also necessary.In 4 patients out of 71(5.6%),an early THA dislocation was observed,whereas in 1 case(1.4%)a late THA dislocation was observed.Three patients out of 71(4.2%)developed a periprosthetic joint infection during the study follow-up.CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that salvage options for IFF fixation failure are complex procedures with a relevant intraoperative and postoperative complication rate.

Nail Holding Performance of Self-Tapping Screws on Masson Pine and Chinese Fir Dimension Lumbers

Screw connection is a type most commonly applied to timber structures.As important commercial tree species in China,Masson pine and Chinese fir have the potential to prepare wood structures.In this study,the effects of the diameter of the self-tapping screw and the guiding bores on the nail holding performance on different sections of Masson pine and Chinese fir dimension lumbers were mainly explored.The results showed that:(1)The nail holding strength of the tangential section was the maximum,followed by that of the radial section,and that of the cross section was the minimum.(2)The nail holding strength of Masson pine was higher than that of Chinese fir.(3)The nail holding strength grew with the increase in the diameter of self-tapping screws,but a large diameter would lead to plastic cracking of the timber,thus further affecting the nail holding strength.Masson pine and Chinese fir reached the maximum nail holding strength when the diameter of self-tapping screws was 3.5 mm.(4)Under a large diameter of screws,prefabricated guiding bores could mitigate timber cracking and improve its nail holding strength.(5)Prefabricated guiding bores were more necessary for the screw connection of Masson pine.The results obtained could provide a scientific basis for the screw connection design of Masson pine and Chinese fir timber structures.

顺行和逆行髓内钉治疗不同部位股骨干骨折的有限元分析

背景:髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折取得了较好的临床疗效,但仍有部分患者并发无菌性骨不连,其原因为机械性不稳定。股骨作为人体最长最大的骨骼,不同部位骨折是否具有不同的生物力学特征,及不同进钉方式对于不同部位骨折端稳定性存在何种影响均研究甚少。目的:分析顺行和逆行髓内钉治疗不同部位股骨干骨折的生物力学特点,评估最佳进钉方式,减少骨不连发生率。方法:选取一名志愿者CT资料导入Mimics 19.0和Geomagic studio 2017软件中进行提取、优化得到右侧股骨三维模型;运用Solidworks 2017软件画出顺行和逆行髓内钉模型并与不同骨折部位股骨干骨折模型按照标准手术技术装配,以STEP格式导入Abaqus 2017软件中设置材料属性参数、边界条件、施加载荷、提交运算,于可视化模块中查看结果。其中上段股骨干骨折顺行和逆行髓内钉分别为A1、A2模型,中段为B1、B2模型,下段为C1、C2模型。结果与结论:(1)A1、B1、C2模型股骨整体应力分布更为均匀,位移、骨折端间隙与成角、股骨近折端骨块内翻均更小;(2)对于上段和中段股骨干骨折,顺行髓内钉具有更好的生物力学效果;对于下段股骨干骨折,逆行髓内钉效果更优。

Mechanical analysis of the femoral neck dynamic intersection system with different nail angles and clinical applications

BACKGROUND The femoral neck dynamic intersection system(FNS)is mechanically more stable than other internal fixation techniques.Current studies have confirmed that the structural design of FNS has good biomechanical properties in European and American populations.However,whether the suitability of the FNS's 130°main nail angle design for Asian populations has been thoroughly investigated remains unclear.AIM To compare the biomechanical stability differences among different main nail angles of the FNS in the treatment of femoral neck fractures in Asian populations.METHODS Computed tomography data of the femur of healthy adult male volunteers were imported into Mimics software to create a three-dimensional model of the femur.The model was adapted to the curve using Geomagic software and imported into Solidworks software to construct the Pauwels I femoral neck fracture model and design the FNS internal fixation model using different main nail angles.Afterward,the models were assembled with the FNS fracture model and meshed using the preprocessing Hypermesh software.Subsequently,they were imported into Abaqus software to analyze and evaluate the biomechanical effects of different angles of the FNS main nail on the treatment of femoral neck fractures.RESULTS The peak displacement of the proximal femur under different angles of FNS fixation under stress was 7.446 millimeters in the 120°group and 7.416 millimeters in the 125°group;in the 130°,135°,and 140°FNS fixation groups,the peak displacement was 7.324 millimeters,8.138 millimeters,and 8.246 millimeters,respectively.In the 120°and 125°FNS fixation groups,the maximum stresses were concentrated at the main nail and the anti-rotation screw,which intersected the fracture line of the femur neck,resulting in peak stresses of 200.7 MPa and 138.8 MPa,respectively.Peak stresses of 208.8 MPa,219.8 MPa,and 239.3 MPa were observed on the angular locking plate distal to the locking screw in the 130°,135°,and 140°fixation groups.CONCLUSION FNS has significant stress distribution properties,a minimal proximal femoral displacement,and an optimal stability for treating femoral neck fractures in Asian populations when performed with a 130°main nail angle.

不同髓内固定方式治疗股骨转子间骨折的临床观察

目的:探讨股骨近端防旋髓内钉(proximal femoral nail antirotation,PFNA)、InterTan髓内钉和股骨近端仿生型髓内钉(proximal femoral bionic intramedullary nail,PFBN)治疗股骨转子间骨折的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2020年1月至2021年1月收治的120例接受闭合复位髓内钉内固定术股骨转子间骨折患者的临床资料,根据内固定方式分为3组。PFBN组25例,女16例,男9例,年龄69~79(73.67±5.16)岁;PFNA组55例,女38例,男17例,年龄68~80(74.23±5.57)岁;InterTan组40例,女26例,男14例,年龄68~79(73.45±5.34)岁。比较3组手术时间、术中出血量、切口长度、术后住院时间、负重时间及骨折愈合时间和并发症发生情况,分别于术前和术后1、6、12个月采用髋关节功能Harris评分进行临床疗效评价。结果:3组患者顺利完成手术,术后均随访12个月以上。3组住院时间、手术时间、术中出血量、切口长度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。PFBN组、InterTan组负重时间[(7.98±1.34)d、(8.22±0.46)d],早于PFNA组(10.27±0.66)d(P<0.01);PFBN组、InterTan组骨折愈合时间[(10.14±2.33)周、(11.87±2.48)周],优于PFNA组(13.68±2.36)周(P<0.01)。术后1个月,PFBN组、InterTan组Harris评分[(70.52±5.34)分、(69.81±6.17)分],高于PFNA组(51.46±5.36)分(P<0.01),PFBN组和InterTan组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3组术前及术后6、12个月Harris评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。InterTan组、PFNA组并发症发生率低于PFNA组(P<0.05)。结论:PFBN和InterTan髓内钉治疗股骨转子间骨折较传统PFNA具有骨折愈合更快、负重时间更早且术后并发症更少的优势,但3种术式均可达到较高的有效率且远期效果无明显差异。

股骨近端防旋髓内钉-Ⅱ治疗31-A3型股骨转子间骨折扩髓与否的有限元分析

背景:针对股骨转子间骨折是否需要扩髓的问题尚有争议,一些人认为不扩髓缩短手术时间、减少出血、降低高龄患者术中风险,但此举是否会降低髓内钉支撑效果,尚无依据。另一些人认为扩髓可选择直径更粗的髓内钉,获得更好的力学支撑,但基础研究显示此方法存在脂肪栓塞、破坏骨质(尤其高龄骨质疏松患者)等风险。目的:通过有限元分析股骨近端防旋髓内钉-Ⅱ治疗31-A3型股骨转子间骨折时扩髓与不扩髓的力学分布特点。方法:纳入一名健康志愿者,CT扫描其股骨获取DICOM格式文件,顺序导入Mimics、Geomagic Wrap、SolidWorks、Hypermesh、Ansys软件处理文件,得到A3.1型、A3.2型及A3.3型股骨转子间骨折模型,分别与9,11 mm直径、170 mm长度的股骨近端防旋髓内钉-Ⅱ进行装配,赋予材料属性,设定各接触面相互作用关系及定义载荷及边界条件,之后进行求解。观察不同模型中股骨应力分布、内固定应力分布、股骨位移及内固定位移情况。结果与结论:①各型骨折采用扩髓髓内钉固定时股骨应力均小于非扩髓髓内钉固定,A3.3型骨折股骨最大应力值大于A3.1型和A3.2型;②各型骨折采用扩髓髓内钉固定时内固定应力均大于非扩髓髓内钉固定,A3.3型骨折内固定最大应力值大于A3.1型;③扩髓与非扩髓对股骨及内固定位移影响较小,应力影响较大;④提示采用扩髓髓内钉固定可使股骨应力减小,内固定整体承担应力增大,远端锁钉承担应力减小;与非扩髓髓内钉固定相比,采用扩髓髓内钉固定可能会提供更好的治疗效果。

循环张拉作用下新型多节泡土钉抗拔性能现场试验研究

新型多节泡土钉具有拉拔硬化特征,相比传统土钉,其在土质边坡中抗拔性能更优。为了探究实际工况条件下新型多节泡土钉的边坡加固性能,并与传统土钉进行比较,开展7组新型多节泡土钉及传统土钉现场循环张拉试验,研究注浆工艺、节泡间距及埋深对土钉抗拔力及其发挥速率的影响规律,进而探明了每一循环下土钉弹、塑性拉拔位移占比,并分析其内在机理。试验结果表明:循环张拉作用下,注浆工艺对土钉的抗拔力影响显著,采用改进式压密注浆工艺和直接压密注浆工艺的土钉抗拔力远远超出传统注浆工艺,且初期的拉拔硬化现象更明显。采用改进式压密注浆工艺的土钉抗拔力发挥速率最快,直接压密注浆工艺次之,传统注浆工艺最小。从总体趋势上看,新型多节泡土钉抗拔力发挥速率在降低,传统土钉抗拔力发挥速率在升高。采用改进式压密注浆工艺虽然不能提升土钉弹性拉拔位移的占比,却能显著提高极限抗拔力;节泡间距对多节泡土钉抗拔力和抗拔力发挥速率影响较小,主要受到土钉周围土体强度的影响;埋深影响多节泡土钉的极限抗拔力,埋深越大,极限抗拔力和初始抗拔力发挥速率越大,同时抗拔力发挥速率随拉拔位移递减的趋势也更加明显。研究成果对提高新型多节泡土钉加固性能和优化工程应用提供指导。

延长氨甲环酸使用时间有助于减少老年股骨转子间骨折围术期隐性失血

背景:股骨转子间骨折好发于老年人,手术后会出现大量的隐性失血,减少隐性失血可以降低并发症和住院时间。目的:评估延长氨甲环酸的使用时间对股骨近端防旋髓内钉治疗转子间骨折围术期隐性失血的影响。方法:选择2022年1月至2023年5月自贡市第四人民医院经急诊收治入院的老年股骨转子间骨折患者共62例,均在牵引床上闭合牵引复位后置入股骨近端防旋髓内钉治疗。根据氨甲环酸的使用时间分为2组,对照组38例在切开皮肤前15-30 min给予氨甲环酸1 g静脉滴注,3 h后追加1 g;试验组24例在对照组的基础上,术后第1天再追加氨甲环酸1 g静脉滴注每12 h一次。术前、术后当天、术后第1,3,5天均复查血常规,统计血红蛋白量和红细胞压积,理论总失血量采用Gross方程计算,同时记录两组患者并发症发生情况。结果与结论:①通过统计学分析,两组患者术中显性出血量相差较小,差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);②试验组围术期血红蛋白下降量、总失血量、隐性失血量低于对照组,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);③试验组术后第3天的血红蛋白值、术后第1,3天的红细胞压积值高于对照组,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);④两组术后血红蛋白和血小板计数呈下降趋势,第3天的血红蛋白值为最低值,术后第1天的血小板值为最低值,然后开始回升;⑤两组患者术后并发症发生率相比差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);⑥结果表明,术后延迟氨甲环酸的使用时间,可能有助于减少股骨近端防旋髓内钉治疗股骨转子间骨折的隐性失血量,并不会增加并发症风险。

加长InterTan治疗老年骨质疏松性不稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折的效果

目的探讨加长InterTan治疗老年骨质疏松性不稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折的效果。方法选取2017年6月至2021年6月在我院住院的83例老年骨质疏松性不稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折患者为研究对象,将其随机分为长钉组(n=42)和标准组(n=41)。长钉组采用加长InterTan治疗,标准组采用标准InterTan治疗。比较两组的手术时间、术中出血量、放射暴露时间、术中输血量、尖顶距(TAD)、骨折愈合时间及Harris评分。结果长钉组的手术时间、放射暴露时间长于标准组,术中出血量多于标准组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组的术中输血量、TAD比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。长钉组的骨折愈合时间短于标准组,Harris评分高于标准组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论加长InterTan应用于老年骨质疏松性不稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折可取得良好的骨折复位效果,促进骨折愈合,临床应用价值较高,值得推广。

半髋关节置换术与股骨近端防旋髓内钉治疗老年A3.3型股骨转子间骨折的比较

目的探讨半髋关节置换术(HHA)与股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA)治疗老年A3.3型股骨转子间骨折的治疗效果。方法回顾性分析2020年9月—2022年6月唐山市第二医院老年骨科收治的老年A3.3型股骨转子间骨折患者84例。男性43例,女性41例;年龄68~89岁,平均73.4岁;道路交通伤63例,高处坠落伤4例,机器挤压伤9例,重物压砸伤8例。根据手术方式不同分为HHA组和PFNA组,各42例。HHA组行侧卧位改良Watson-Jones入路,置入水泥型半髋关节假体;PFNA组按照PFNA手术标准流程进行。比较两组患者相关指标,建立HHA治疗老年A3.3型股骨转子间骨折的多准则决策模型,并对两组患者效益值、风险值及决策模型的稳定性进行评价。结果PFNA组手术时长、术中出血量以及术后当天引流量分别为(78.30±12.14)min、(113.14±15.13)mL、(31.25±8.97)mL,与HHA组[(112.39±13.95)min、(285.21±18.19)mL、(98.25±9.03)mL]比较明显减少(P<0.05);但HHA组下床活动时间、骨愈合时间以及住院时间[(12.32±3.48)d、(16.14±2.16)周、(9.61±2.53)d]与PFNA组[(41.26±9.73)d、(17.26±2.38)周、(15.36±2.64)d]比较明显改善;两组患者治疗后Harris髋关节评分量表和卡氏功能状态(Karnofsky,KPS)评分均显著提升且HHA组[(78.97±4.95)分、(82.77±1.52)分]高于PFNA组[(64.35±4.12)分、(74.93±1.28)分,P<0.05];HHA组术后并发症发生率28.57%(12/42)显著低于PFNA组64.29%(27/42),P<0.05;效益指标中对患者病情影响最大的是骨愈合时间和Harris评分,风险指标影响较大是切口感染和下肢静脉栓塞两种并发症;HHA治疗老年A3.3型股骨转子间骨折的效益值、风险值、总效益-风险值均为72,而PFNA组分别为64、51、57,HHA组以100%的概率高于PFNA组,多准则决策模型的稳定性较好。结论对于老年A3.3型股骨转子间骨折患者的治疗,相比于PFNA治疗,HHA可显著降低多种并发症的发生概率,改善手术中的相关指标以及患者术后的生活质量,而PFNA手术时间更短、术中出血量更少。两种方式可以根据患者的实际情况更好地应用于临床。

不同髓内钉内固定术在胫骨远端关节外骨折治疗中的效果比较

目的 比较不同髓内钉内固定术治疗胫骨远端关节外骨折的效果。方法 前瞻性选择2021年1月至2022年6月濮阳市人民医院骨科收治的80例胫骨远端关节外骨折患者,以随机数字表法分为A组与B组,各40例。A组接受逆行髓内钉内固定术,B组接受交锁髓内钉内固定术。比较两组术后3个月的临床疗效。比较两组围手术期指标、踝关节功能、术后并发症发生情况。结果 两组术后3个月的临床效果差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A组手术时间短于B组(P<0.05);两组术中出血量、骨折愈合时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后3个月,两组踝后足功能评分(AOFAS)评分均升高,但B组低于A组(P<0.05)。B组术后并发症发生率高于A组(P<0.05)。结论 逆行髓内钉与交锁髓内钉固定术治疗胫骨远端关节外骨折均可获得理想疗效,且应用逆行髓内钉可有效缩短手术时间,并能够加速踝关节功能恢复,降低并发症发生率。

老年股骨转子间骨折患者BMI与PFNA型号选择的相关性研究

目的探讨应用股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA)治疗老年股骨转子间骨折患者的BMI与PFNA型号之间的相关性。方法回顾性分析2016年12月—2020年7月济宁医学院附属医院创伤骨科行手术治疗的老年股骨转子间骨折患者207例。根据笔者医院海泰V3.0电子病历系统软件采集的患者身高、体重信息,计算得出BMI数值,按照BMI的中国参考标准进行分组:正常及体重不足组为A组[包括体重不足(BMI<18.5 kg/m^(2))和正常(18.5≤BMI<24 kg/m^(2))]135例,男57例,女78例;超重及肥胖组为B组[包括超重(24≤BMI<28 kg/m^(2))和肥胖(BMI≥28kg/m^(2))]72例,男15例,女57例;分析每组患者手术时间、住院时间、术中出血及选择的PFNA型号。结果本组患者经门诊或电话随访1年,均健在,且未发生内固定物松动、骨折不愈合等并发症。A组患者的平均年龄(80.0±8.2)岁大于B组(79.7±8.9)岁,术中出血量(128.4±113.5)mL多于B组(120.1±84.8)mL,螺旋刀片长度(92.0±7.3)mm长于B组(89.0±32.0)mm,主钉直径(11.0±0.83)mm大于B组(10.7±0.9)mm;其中主钉直径差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组平均住院时间(13.8±5.2)d、手术时间(66.5±31.4)mim均短于B组住院时间(15.7±9.6)d、手术时间(75.7±22.0)min,A组主钉长度(184.7±25.3)mm短于B组(189.7±38.4)mm,其中手术时间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论老年股骨转子间骨折患者的BMI与PFNA型号之间存在一定的相关性,BMI值在正常及体重不足患者应用主钉的直径显著大于超重及肥胖患者,且手术时间明显短于超重及肥胖患者。

闭合复位弹性髓内钉治疗股骨骨折患儿的临床效果

目的探讨闭合复位弹性髓内钉治疗股骨骨折患儿的临床效果。方法选取2019年5月至2022年5月贵州省人民医院小儿外科收治的70例股骨骨折患儿,按照随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组,每组各35例。对照组采用切开复位接骨板内固定术治疗,观察组采用闭合复位弹性髓内钉治疗。比较两组治疗效果及手术相关指标。结果两组总有效率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组术中出血量少于对照组,手术时间、骨折愈合时间、住院时间均短于对照组(P<0.05)。结论闭合复位弹性髓内钉治疗股骨骨折患儿的临床效果确切,可减少术中出血量,缩短手术时间、骨折愈合时间、住院时间,值得临床推广应用。