Effect of acoustic pulses and EHF radiation on multipotent marrow stromal cells in tissue engineering constructs

In this paper,we studied the effects of physical factors,such as,acoustic pulses of laser-induced hydrodynamics(ALIH)and extremely-high frequencies(EHF)radiation,on the formation of heterotopic bone marrow organs.A suspension of precipitated bone marrow cells from CBA mice were exposed to ALIH pulses and EHF radiation separately and in their com bination tissue engineering constructs,presenting gelatin sponges 2 by 2 by 2 mm in size containing 10^(7)nucleated bone marrow cells,were exposed to physical factors and were implanted under the renal capsules of syngeneic mice.The newly formed hematopoietic organs were examined in three and five months later after treatment.The five months old transplants were bigger in size than the three months old transplants.The number of hematopoietic cells in the rest of the groups increased during this period by a factor from 3 to 10,the increase being as high as 20-fold in the:ALH+EHF group.Maximal concentration of multipotent stromal cells(MSCs)was in the EHF+ALIH,and minimal concentration was in the ALIH+EHF.The accumulation rate of bone capsule weight was highest for the transplants of EHF+ALIH and ALIH-sponge groups during the first three months.These data showed that the combined impact of the EHF+ALIH on MSCs is the most effective for the formation of bone marrow transplantation.

Acoustic characteristics of pulse detonation engine with ellipsoidal reflector

Acoustic characteristics of a pulse detonation engine（PDE） with and without an ellipsoidal reflector are numerically and experimentally investigated. A two-dimensional（2 D） non-splitting unstructured triangular mesh Euler solver based on the space-time conservation element and solution element（CE/SE） method is employed to simulate the flow field of a PDE.The numerical results clearly demonstrate the external flow field of the PDE. The effect of an ellipsoidal reflector on the flow field characteristic near the PDE exit is investigated. The formation process of reflected shock wave and reflected jet shock are reported in detail. An acoustic measurement system is established for the PDE acoustic testing. The experimental results show that the ellipsoidal reflector changes the sound waveform and directivity of PDE sound. The reflected shock wave and reflected jet shock result in two more positive pressure peaks in the sound waveform. The ellipsoidal reflector changes the directivity of PDE sound from 20 to 0. It is found that the peak sound pressure level（PSPL） and overall sound pressure level（OASPL） each obtain an increment when the PDE is installed with a reflector. The maximum relative increase ratio of PSPL and OASPL are obtained at the focus point F2, whose values are 6.1% and 6.84% respectively. The results of the duration of the PDE sound indicate that the reflecting and focusing wave generated by the reflector result in the increment of A duration and B duration before and near focus point F2. Results show that the ellipsoidal reflector has a great influence on the acoustic characteristic of PDE sound. The research is helpful for understanding the influence of an ellipsoidal reflector on the formation and propagation process of PDE sound.

Acoustic characteristics of pulse detonation engine sound propagating in enclosed space

Acoustic characteristics of pulse detonation engine(PDE)sound propagating in enclosed space are numerically and experimentally investigated.The finite element software LS-DYNA is utilized to numerically simulate the PDE sound propagating in enclosed space.Acoustic measurement systems are established for testing the PDE sound in enclosed space,and the time-frequency characteristics of PDE sound in enclosed space are reported in detail.The experimental results show that the sound waveform of PDE sound in enclosed space are quite different from those in open space,and the reflection and superposition of PDE sound on the walls of enclosed space results in the sound pressure oscillating obviously.It is found that the peak sound pressure level(PSPL)and overall sound pressure level(OASPL)of PDE sound in enclosed space are higher than those in open space and their difference increases with the rise of propagation distance.The results of the duration of PDE sound indicate that the A duration of PDE sound in enclosed space is higher than that in open space except at measuring points located at 2-m and 5-m while the B duration is higher at each of all measuring points.Results show that the enclosed space has a great influence on the acoustic characteristic of PDE sound.This research is helpful in performing PDE experiments in enclosed laboratories to prevent the PDE sound from affecting the safety of laboratory environment,equipment,and staffs.

Experimental study of the influence of annular nozzle on acoustic characteristics of detonation sound wave generated by pulse detonation engine

Acoustic characteristics of the detonation sound wave generated by a pulse detonation engine with an annular nozzle,including peak sound pressure, directivity, and A duration, are experimentally investigated while utilizing gasoline as fuel and oxygen-enriched air as oxidizer. Three annular nozzle geometries are evaluated by varying the ratio of inner cone diameter to detonation tube exit diameter from 0.36 to 0.68. The experimental results show that the annular nozzles have a significant effect on the acoustic characteristics of the detonation sound wave. The annular nozzles can amplify the peak sound pressure of the detonation sound wave at 90° while reducing it at 0° and 30°. The directivity angle of the detonation sound wave is changed by annular nozzles from 30° to 90°. The A duration of the detonation sound wave at 90° is also increased by the annular nozzles. These changes indicate that the annular nozzles have an important influence on the acoustic energy distribution of the detonation sound wave, which amplify the acoustic energy in a direction perpendicular to the tube axis and weaken it along the direction of the tube axis.

The Pulsed Plasma-Liquid Systems at Cylindrical Geometry with Possibility of Convergent Acoustic Waves Efficient Generation

This research investigates the possibility of convergent acoustic waves generation in the liquid by means of the sotmd waves reflection from the solid cylindrical surface, emerged in the pulsed electric discharge. The spectra of pulse discharge plasma emission in the water and in the air-water mixture were obtained. The temperature of cuprum and oxygen atoms electronic excitation levels and the temperature tendencies during the discharge current existence were calculated.

DETECTION OF PPM ACOUSTIC PULSE IN SHALLOW SEA CHANNELS

Pulse pesition modulated (PPM) acoustic pulses are difficult to detect exacily in shallow sea channels because of strong multipath interference, large signal fluctuation and high noise level.This paper reports results of analysis on the main characteristics of multipath interference and its adverse effects on detection of pulse position information. Feasible methods to overeome multipath interference are pointed out, and an efficient one is proposed to realize reliable and precise detection of PPM information.The results of this study are of reference value for other modes of signal detection.

Acoustic wave detection of laser shock peening

In order to overcome the existing disadvantages of offline laser shock peening detection methods, an online detection method based on acoustic wave signals energy is provided. During the laser shock peening, an acoustic emission sen- sor at a defined position is used to collect the acoustic wave signals that propagate in the air. The acoustic wave signal is sampled, stored, digitally filtered and analyzed by the online laser shock peening detection system. Then the system gets the acoustic wave signal energy to measure the quality of the laser shock peening by establishing the correspondence between the acoustic wave signal energy and the laser pulse energy. The surface residual stresses of the samples are measured by X-ray stress analysis instrument to verify the reliability. The results show that both the surface residual stress and acoustic wave signal energy are increased with the laser pulse energy, and their growth trends are consistent. Finally, the empirical formula between the surface residual stress and the acoustic wave signal energy is established by the cubic equation fitting, which will provide a theoretical basis for the real-time online detection of laser shock peening.

The effect of the configuration of a single electrode corona discharge on its acoustic characteristics

A new sparker system based on pulsed spark discharge with a single electrode has already been utilized for oceanic seismic exploration. However, the electro-acoustic energy efficiency of this system is lower than that of arc discharge based systems. A simple electrode structure was investigated in order to improve the electro-acoustic energy efficiency of the spark discharge. Experiments were carried out on an experimental setup with discharge in water driven by a pulsed power source. The voltage-current waveform, acoustic signal and bubble oscillation were recorded when the relative position of the electrode varied. The electro-acoustic energy , efficiency was also calculated. The load voltage had a saltation for the invaginated electrode tip, namely an obvious voltage remnant. The more the electrode tip was invaginated, the larger the pressure peaks and first period became. The results show that electrode recessing into the insulating layer is a simple and effective way to improve the electro-acoustic energy efficiency from 2% to about 4%.

Detachment Size Measurement of Two Interacting Bubble Plumes Formed at Neighboring Needles Using an Acoustic Method

Detachment size determination with an acoustic method has been carried out for two interacting bubble plumes formed at neighboring needles in quiescent water. Two sets of needle pairs, one with 1.5mm and 0.8mm inner diameters and the other with the equal 1.5mm inner diameters, were separately used as the bubble pair injectors in the experiments. Consequently, four typical patterns of bubble plumes interaction could be observed in the two cases of needle pair matches. Through measuring the pressure pulses radiated by the bubble pairs immediately after their 'pinching-off ' and by making use of a sophisticated relation between oscillation frequency of volume mode and radius of gas bubble, the detachment size of the bubble plumes have been determined from the amplitude/frequency spectrum of the sound pressure pulses. The experimental results demonstrate that the acoustical method is valid in both of the interacting and non-interacting circumstances in bubble field and the bubble size measurements by this acoustical method agree well with the measurements from photographic analysis. Finally, a comparison has been made on the strong and weak points of the acoustical method with the other size determination methods.

超临界CO_(2)脉动压裂-渗流耦合试验系统研制与应用

【目的】为了有效强化煤层气抽采效果,将脉动压裂与超临界CO_(2)压裂相结合,提出了利用超临界CO_(2)脉动压裂煤(岩)的新思路。【方法】自主研发了超临界CO_(2)脉动压裂-渗流耦合真三轴试验系统,介绍了该试验系统的主要结构、特点和功能,然后开展了室内真三轴条件下超临界CO_(2)脉动压裂-渗流试验及超临界CO_(2)脉动压裂-声发射监测试验。该系统结合独立伺服系统与中央数字系统控制三向应力,采用双泵型恒速恒压泵脉动给压,具有高精度、全过程、真三轴、承载高温、高压及高应力的特点。【结果和结论】试验结果表明:超临界CO_(2)脉动压裂-渗流耦合真三轴试验系统可以实现良好的脉动压裂功能。超临界CO_(2)脉动压裂后,煤体渗透率较压裂前呈增大趋势,增大了2~9倍,且煤体渗透率皆呈现良好的指数变化规律。在声发射-超临界CO_(2)脉动压裂时期,煤体产生了新的裂隙通道,该通道由压裂孔中心直接贯穿至煤样表面,且可观测到超临界CO_(2)流体直接从煤中喷出,故超临界CO_(2)脉动压裂具有一定的扩展和连通裂隙的作用,能够有效提高煤层气的抽采效果。研究成果为强化深部低渗煤层增透技术提供了一定的试验支撑。

基于声辐射力脉冲成像的诊断模型对胆道闭锁患儿肝纤维化的应用价值

目的分析基于声辐射力脉冲成像(ARFI)定量参数建立的无创诊断模型对胆道闭锁患儿肝纤维化的诊断价值。方法回顾性收集100例接受ARFI检查并行肝门-空肠吻合术(Kasai’s)治疗及肝组织活检的胆道闭锁患儿,男42例,女58例,平均年龄(68.79±8.79)d。根据活检病理结果分为肝纤维化组(71例)和非肝纤维化组(29例)。依据Metavir分级标准将肝纤维化分为5级:F0(29例)、F1(31例)、F2(24例)、F3(11例)、F4(5例)。2组临床资料和ARFI定量参数的比较采用t检验或χ^(2)检验;采用单因素方差分析比较肝纤维化不同分级间的剪切波速度(SWV)。采用多因素Logistic回归分析影响胆道闭锁患儿发生肝纤维化的独立危险因素,并构建基于ARFI定量参数的无创诊断模型。采用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线评价模型的诊断效能,计算其曲线下面积(AUC)。结果肝纤维化组血清中性粒细胞(NEUT)、总胆红素(TBIL)、层黏蛋白(LN)、透明质酸(HA)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)、Ⅳ型胶原(Ⅳ-Col)浓度,以及SWV均高于非肝纤维化组(均P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,SWV、血清TBIL及LN、HA、PCⅢ、Ⅳ-Col浓度高是影响胆道闭锁患儿发生肝纤维化的危险因素(均P<0.05)。基于SWV的无创诊断模型诊断胆道闭锁患儿发生肝纤维化的最佳临界值为1.75 m/s,敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值、AUC分别为93.15%、70.09%、90.25%、88.80%、0.922。结论基于ARFI定量参数建立的无创诊断模型,可较为准确地诊断出胆道闭锁患儿是否存在肝纤维化,且具有较高的应用价值。

基于空间变换技术的脉冲激光声信号检测

针对目前脉冲激光声信号检测方法极易受到环境噪声的影响,导致检测精确度不理想的问题。提出基于空间变换技术的脉冲激光声信号检测方法。首先,采用小波阈值法去除脉冲激光声信号中的噪声;其次,利用球傅里叶空间变换技术对声信号中的声源展开定位,获取声信号的准确位置;最后,分别提取声信号中的比值特征、比重特征、频率特征三种参数,在此基础上通过SVM算法对其展开分类识别,以此实现脉冲激光声信号的有效检测。实验结果表明,所提方法的声信号检测精度超过96%。

声波脉冲治疗对奶牛生产性能及乳房炎的影响

[目的]奶牛乳房炎是奶牛养殖过程中的高发疾病,本研究旨在对声波脉冲技术(acoustic pulse therapy, APT)治疗奶牛乳房炎的效果进行初步探究。[方法]根据致病菌和牛奶体细胞检测结果,选择江苏省某牧场临床乳房炎和亚临床乳房炎奶牛100头,其中临床乳房炎奶牛60头,分为APT治疗组20头、抗生素治疗组20头、APT和抗生素联合治疗组20头;亚临床乳房炎(隐性乳房炎)奶牛20头,采用APT治疗;20头健康奶牛作为阴性对照组。对比探究APT治疗奶牛乳房炎的效果。[结果]当奶牛罹患乳房炎后,生产性能指标牛奶中体细胞数显著升高(P<0.05),日产奶量显著下降(P<0.05);血液中白细胞数显著升高(P<0.05),淋巴细胞数和中性粒细胞数极显著升高(P<0.01),炎症因子IL-1β含量显著升高(P<0.05)、IL-6和IL-8含量极显著升高(P<0.01),糖皮质激素含量显著升高(P<0.05)。在使用APT治疗后,体细胞数显著下降(P<0.05),日产奶量显著升高(P<0.05),乳脂、乳蛋白、乳糖、非脂固形物、总固形物和尿素氮无显著变化(P>0.05);白细胞数、中性粒细胞数和淋巴细胞数显著下降(P<0.05),其他血液生理指标无显著变化(P>0.05);亚临床组炎症因子IL-1β含量显著下降(P<0.05),IL-6和IL-8含量显著降低(P<0.05),糖皮质激素含量显著下降(P<0.05)。[结论]APT作为一种新的奶牛乳房炎治疗技术,可以有效治愈奶牛乳房炎,且没有引起产奶量损失。

声表面驻波局部图案化微操控方法

针对目前声表面驻波微操控方法在微流道的完整宽度上形成驻波图案,缺乏实现区域化操控的可行性的问题,量化分析了短脉冲激发的声表面波在声学微操控结构中产生与控制局部微粒图案的方法。通过对单指对叉指换能器机械波形的加式合成,建立了短脉冲激励下的波形传播解析模型,结合有限元方法建立立式声表面波微操控器件的全截面仿真模型,研究对激励信号施加脉冲延迟和频率调制时,微操控器件的时均基底位移以及微流道内声场分布的变化规律。为验证理论模型,制作微操控器件进行实验测试。结果表明,通过修改激励信号的相对时延和有效脉冲时间,可以有效地控制声场中生成驻波区域的位置及宽度,二者均呈线性正相关,与理论及仿真结果相符。

相对论热等离子体中电子声波的非线性频移

研究了相对论电磁波在热等离子体中传播时的色散特性以及由于非线性电子声波激发引起的电子声波的非线性频移。基于相对论激光在热等离子体中传播的电磁流体物理模型,采用流体的非线性频移理论,利用微扰法得到了描述相对论激光与热等离子体相互作用时谐波产生的非线性频移方程。结果表明,等离子体密度、电子温度和一阶谐波振幅是决定相对论热等离子体中非线性频移的主要因素。在弱激发下,非线性频移随着电子温度和一阶谐波振幅的增大而增大,等离子体密度抑制非线性频移。电子声波非线性频移对等离子体密度和电子温度的依赖表现出了强烈的非线性特征。研究结果为深入理解高能量激光与热等离子体相互作用中谐波的产生及引起的非线性频移提供了理论依据。

超声弹性成像技术的临床应用进展

目前普遍认为组织硬度是反映病理学改变的评价标准之一,超声弹性成像(UE)是通过检测组织对声能的响应计算弹性模量以评估其硬度的影像学手段。目前UE临床应用广泛,常用于肝脏、肾脏、甲状腺、乳腺、前列腺、浅表包块及子宫等病变的良恶性鉴别,为指导临床治疗用药及评估患者预后提供重要影像学依据。未来进一步提高UE诊断的准确度,与其他成像技术和人工智能联合成多模态超声诊断技术,可进一步扩大对肺部、肌骨、心血管、颅脑等方面疾病的诊断范围。

微能量医学治疗勃起功能障碍的研究进展

勃起功能障碍是男性常见的性功能障碍疾病之一,严重影响男性的健康和家庭的幸福。勃起功能障碍的治疗策略是以口服磷酸二酯酶抑制剂为主的个性化综合治疗。目前,微能量医学作为治疗勃起功能障碍的新兴方式之一,其治疗效果及优势已日益凸显,备受关注。本文对微能量医学治疗勃起功能障碍的相关研究进展作一简要综述。

基于循环相关熵估计海流计多普勒频移

声学多普勒海流计基于脉冲对算法允许非侵入式高分辨率速度测量,但在稀流和稠流环境下由于低散射和多次散射的原因,其回波信号通常信噪比较低,导致多普勒频移估计变得困难。为了更好地估计回波信号的多普勒频移,文章在脉冲对算法的基础上,引入循环域信号处理方法,并建立了最大循环相关熵算法来估计多普勒频移。根据海流计的硬件结构及其基本工作原理建立了海流计的相干散射回波仿真模型和实验样机,利用仿真数据和实验数据对脉冲对算法和最大循环相关熵算法进行测试。测试结果表明,与脉冲对算法相比,所提出的最大循环相关熵算法不仅在低信噪比时有着更好的多普勒频移估计效果,而且在瞬时速度估计方面也有很大的潜力。

基于n-MFSK调制的激光致声空-水跨介质通信方法

为了改善空中平台和水下目标之间的激光致声通信技术,采用了一种多进制多频移键控(n-MFSK)调制方式来提升激光致声空-水跨介质通信速率的方法。在借助激光致声热膨胀效应实现空-水界面处的光声转换基础上,分别采用长脉冲法和重复频率法进行了调制及仿真验证,得到了在调制频率数量为2的情况下,2-MFSK调制可在2-FSK调制基础上将通信速率提高1倍的结果。结果表明,长脉冲法主要通过激光阵列结合频率叠加的方式实现n-MFSK调制,重复频率法则通过控制激光器频率变化进而在时域上以分配时间段的方式实现n-MFSK调制;随着调制频率数量增加,相对于n-FSK调制,n-MFSK调制下通信速率更高,并可改善频带利用率,但声压级和水中传输距离会随符号码元持续时间内调制频率数量增加而减小。该研究为未来激光致声空-水跨介质通信实际应用提供了参考。

多模态超声特征结合机器学习可预测乳腺浸润导管癌中Ki-67的表达水平

目的 探讨多模态超声特征结合机器学习预测乳腺浸润导管癌中Ki-67高表达的可行性。方法 回顾性分析155例乳腺浸润导管癌患者,155个病灶经病理证实。术前行常规超声和声辐射力脉冲成像,免疫组化染色记录Ki-67的表达,将患者分为Ki-67高表达组(n=105)和低表达组(n=50)。采用Logistic回归分析得出独立危险因素,采用随机森林及Logistic回归模型预测。结果 单因素分析显示Ki-67表达与肿块最大径、边界、腋窝淋巴结状态、阻力指数、声触诊组织成像及声触诊组织定量的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,最大直径、边界、声触诊组织定量及阻力指数对Ki-67为独立危险因素。随机森林模型结果显示,Ki-67表达影响因素的重要性排序依次是最大直径、声触诊组织定量、阻力指数及边界。随机森林及Logistic回归模型预测乳腺浸润导管癌中Ki-67高表达曲线下面积分别为0.871、0.866,Ki-67值与肿块直径呈正相关关系(r=0.319,P<0.001)。结论 多模态超声特征结合机器学习可用于预测乳腺浸润导管癌Ki-67的表达水平。