Membrane Separation Technology on Pharmaceutical Wastewater by Using MBR (Membrane Bioreactor)

This study demonstrated the feasibility of implementing of MBR in pharmaceutical wastewater independently, and concluded different applications of MBR in industries. Membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology was a new wastewater treatment technology with a combination of membrane separation technology and biological treatment technology, which had unique advantages on pharmaceutical wastewater treatment. The modified membrane rector design provided a significantly lower concentration of NH3-N, Phosphorous, Total Nitrogen and COD around the membranes, and subsequently a more sustainable membrane performance due to much lower overall fouling rates. In this paper, the classification and structure of biological waste water treatment by using MBR technology were summed up along with some examples of MBR in industrial wastewater treatment, which was emphatically analyzed and discussed. Finally, the prospect of MBR in industrial wastewater treatment was described. The industrial wastewater was a high-strength wastewater which had characteristics of complicated constituents, high organics concentration, highly toxic.

Conventional processes and membrane technology for carbon dioxide removal from natural gas:A review

Membrane technology is becoming more important for CO,_ separation from natural gas in the new era due to its process simplicity, relative ease of operation and control, compact, and easy to scale up as compared with conventional processes. Conventional processes such as absorption and adsorption for CO2 separation from natural gas are generally more energy demanding and costly for both operation and maintenance. Polymeric membranes are the current commercial membranes used for CO2 separation from natural gas. However, polymeric membranes possess drawbacks such as low permeability and selectivity, plasticization at high temperatures, as well as insufficient thermal and chemical stability. The shortcomings of commercial polymeric membranes have motivated researchers to opt for other alternatives, especially inorganic membranes due to their higher thermal stability, good chemical resistance to solvents, high mechanical strength and long lifetime. Surface modifications can be utilized in inorganic membranes to further enhance the selectivity, permeability or catalytic activities of the membrane. This paper is to provide a comprehensive review on gas separation, comparing membrane technology with other conventional methods of recovering CO2 from natural gas, challenges of current commercial polymeric membranes and inorganic membranes for CO2 removal and membrane surface modification for improved selectivity.

Sprayed separation membranes: A systematic review and prospective opportunities

Membrane separation technology has been taken up for use in diverse applications such as water treatment,pharmaceutical,petroleum,and energy-related industries.Compared with the design of membrane materials,the innovation of membrane preparation technique is more urgent for the development of membrane separation technology,because it not only affects physicochemical properties and separation performance of the fabricated membranes,but also determines their potential in industrialized application.Among the various membrane preparation methods,spray technique has recently gained increasing attention because of its low cost,rapidity,scalability,minimum of environmental burden,and viability for nearly unlimited range of materials.In this Review article,we summarized and discussed the recent developments in separation membranes using the spray technique,including the fundamentals,important features and applications.The present challenges and future considerations have been touched to provide inspired insights for developing the sprayed separation membranes.

Design and synthesis of Al-MOF/PPSU mixed matrix membrane with pollution resistance

To enhance the performance of the polyphenylene sulfone(PPSU) membrane,a novel mixed matrix membrane with hydrophilicity and antifouling properties was prepared.Using PPSU as the ba sic membrane material,polyvinyl pyrrolidone(PVP) as the porogen,N-Methyl pyrrolidone(NMP) as the solvent,and MOF-CAU-1(Al_(4)(OH)_(2)(OCH_(3))_4(H_2 N-BDC)_(3)·xH_(2) O) as the filler,PPSU/CAU-1 mixed matrix membrane(MMM) was prepared by an immersion precipitation and phase transformation technique.By changing the amount of MOF-CAU-1,the properties and performance of the MMM membrane were investigated in terms of hydrophilicity,pore morphology,surface roughness,and dye removal.The results show that the highest pure water flux of the mixed reached 47.9 L·m^(-2)·h^(-1), when the CAU-1 addition amount was 1.0 wt%, which was 23% higher than that of the pure PPSU membrane.Both the rejection rate and the antifouling performance of the MMM membrane also noticeably improved.

Adsorption and membrane separation for removal and recovery of volatile organic compounds

Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)are a crucial kind of pollutants in the environment due to their obvious features of severe toxicity,high volatility,and poor degradability.It is particularly urgent to control the emission of VOCs due to the persistent increase of concentration and the stringent regulations.In China,clear directions and requirements for reduction of VOCs have been given in the“national plan on environmental improvement for the 13th Five-Year Plan period”.Therefore,the development of efficient technologies for removal and recovery of VOCs is of great significance.Recovery technologies are favored by researchers due to their advantages in both recycling VOCs and reducing carbon emissions.Among them,adsorption and membrane separation processes have been extensively studied due to their remarkable industrial prospects.This overview was to provide an up-to-date progress of adsorption and membrane separation for removal and recovery of VOCs.Firstly,adsorption and membrane separation were found to be the research hotspots through bibliometric analysis.Then,a comprehensive understanding of their mechanisms,factors,and current application statuses was discussed.Finally,the challenges and perspectives in this emerging field were briefly highlighted.

超滤制备无乳糖牛乳蛋白浓缩物的工艺优化

传统牛乳浓缩工艺通过加热蒸发水分实现浓缩,具有蛋白质受热变性、感官品质降低、生产效率低及无法去除乳糖等问题。引入超滤技术以脱脂牛乳为原料制备无乳糖牛乳蛋白浓缩物(milk protein concentrate,MPC)以弥补传统工艺的缺陷,并对分离过程中的分离系统、洗滤模式及操作条件等工艺进行优化。最终采用分离精度为10 kDa的聚醚砜中空纤维超滤膜组件在自制膜分离系统中以40℃、0.1 MPa的操作条件下2倍浓缩、3次反洗补水洗滤制备了乳糖质量浓度为1.17 g/L、蛋白收率为94.0%、蛋白质量浓度为40.01 g/L、pH值为6.98、乳糖脱除率为96.5%的无乳糖MPC。超滤浓缩技术有效去除了乳糖,且工艺优化显著提高了生产效率与产品质量,制备出的无乳糖MPC可实现乳产品组分的优化。

油田采出水处理技术的研究进展

在油田开采中,采出水的直接排放会对环境造成影响,通常需要经过深度处理后再排放或者回用。而油田采出水含油量高且含有高浓度有机物和悬浮物,处理难度大。水质特性、处理技术以及处理设备等都会对处理效果产生直接影响,因此,有必要对上述问题进行深入研究。本文对现有研究中油田采出水的水质特性、新型的膜分离技术以及气浮工艺进行了总结,分析了各类处理技术研究现状,并对今后发展趋势进行了展望。

MOFs基油水分离膜的研究进展

含油废水对生态系统、人类健康和海洋生物具有不利影响.传统的油水分离方法能耗高、分离效率低,限制了在乳液分离中应用.近年来,基于金属-有机骨架(MOFs)的油水分离膜因其灵活可变的结构、比表面积大、高孔隙率、易于制造以及可调节的功能性,在油水分离中的应用受到了广泛关注.本文系统地论述了MOFs基油水分离膜分离机理和优势.在此基础上,重点阐述了MOFs基油水分离膜的分类和在实际应用中的性能表现.此外,详细介绍了不同种类MOFs基油水分离膜的合成方法及其特点,展望了MOFs基油水分离膜的研究前景,为实现其大规模应用提供理论依据和技术指导.

膜生物反应器在医疗废水处理中的应用

医院作为社会公共卫生体系的重要组成部分,其日常运营中产生的污水问题日益凸显。医疗废水作为一类特殊类型的废水,不仅含有高浓度的有机物、悬浮物,还携带大量的病原体,如细菌、病毒、寄生虫卵等,对环境和公众健康构成潜在威胁,所以必须确保医疗废水得到有效处理。在医疗废水处理领域,膜生物反应器凭借其卓越的处理效果、占地面积小、操作简便等优点,逐渐受到广泛关注。通过深入研究膜生物反应器在医疗废水处理中的工艺优化、运行参数调控、膜污染控制等关键问题,可以进一步提升其处理效率和稳定性,为医疗废水的高效、安全处理提供有力支持。基于此,分析膜生物反应器在医疗废水处理中的应用。

基于膜分离-树脂吸附的黄酒降酸工艺及风味评价

该实验在优化膜分离预处理工艺参数的基础上,考察了采用膜分离-树脂吸附的物理方法来调整黄酒酸度指标的工艺过程,并对降酸黄酒的风味品质进行了比较分析。结果表明,在料液温度25℃,运行压力1.0 MPa,截留分子质量为200、1000、2000 Da的不同膜预处理条件下,D354树脂对高酸黄酒的降酸率分别达到47.0%、53.8%、68.1%。降酸黄酒样品中共检测到32种挥发性风味物质,200、1000 Da膜预处理组获得的降酸黄酒样品中挥发性风味物质总含量分别达到1975.89、1919.80 mg/L,均显著高于未过膜处理组(1727.04 mg/L)。层次聚类分析表明,1000 Da和2000 Da组之间的风味相似度更高,正交偏最小二乘判别分析表明11种化合物对降酸黄酒的风味差异贡献较高。选用1000 Da膜预处理,结合10%填充比的D354树脂处理50 L高酸黄酒,总酸下降率达57.7%,氨基酸态氮保留率达98.8%,挥发性风味物质的保留率达80.0%。该研究为高酸黄酒的物理降酸提供了新的视角和应用场景。

膜技术处理高浓度有机废水及资源化利用研究进展

随着工业化进程的推进,高浓度有机废水的产生量与日俱增,环境威胁日益严重。因此,如何有效处理高浓度有机废水已成为一个重要的科学问题。膜分离技术以其分离效率高、能耗低、无相变、应用范围广等优势,受到了广泛关注和应用。为此,利用Citespace对相关文章进行可视化分析,综述了膜生物反应器、超滤、纳滤、反渗透、膜组合工艺以及改性膜材料在高浓度有机废水处理中的研究进展。同时,分析了高浓度有机废水及污泥处理过程中的资源化现状。最后,总结了膜分离技术用于高浓度有机废水处理的难点和存在问题,在此基础上,对如何加强污水资源化管理和优化废水排放技术进行了展望。

膜分离技术在饮用水处理的应用

随着人们对于饮用水水质要求的不断提高,特别是《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB5479-2022)新标准的实施,饮用水处理已成为公众越来越关注的问题。膜技术作为一种新型的水处理技术发展迅速,本文综述了膜分离技术原理及分类,介绍了微滤、超滤、纳滤、反渗透膜分离技术的应用。

超滤膜技术对黄芪水提物理化性质及其抗氧化活性的影响

目的:考察超滤膜技术对黄芪水提物理化性质及其抗氧化活性的影响。方法:采用截留相对分子质量分别为10、30、50kDa的超滤膜对黄芪水提物进行分离纯化处理,考察超滤膜技术对黄芪水提物的溶液理化性质、皂苷类成分保留性及其吸湿性、油水分配系数等的影响。同时,采用体外抗氧化实验考察超滤膜技术对黄芪水提物抗氧化活性的影响。结果:超滤膜技术可降低黄芪水提物溶液的浊度,显著改善溶液的澄明度。经不同超滤膜分离纯化处理后,黄芪水提物中黄芪甲苷保留率>90%,总皂苷类成分保留率>85%,其总皂苷纯度提高了14%~19%。超滤膜技术可降低黄芪水提物的吸湿性,提高其抗氧化活性,并影响其皂苷类成分的油水分配系数。综合考虑杂质去除、有效成分保留及抗氧化活性,30kDa超滤膜对黄芪水提物的分离纯化效果较好。结论:超滤膜技术提高了黄芪水提物中皂苷类成分含量,增强了其生物活性,为中药的分离纯化提供了一种途径。

耐有机溶剂型分离膜的制备及应用研究进展

有机溶剂的分离与纯化是近年来的研究热点,众多分离与纯化技术应运而生。耐有机溶剂膜分离技术具有高效节能、操作简便的优势,受到研究者们的普遍关注,在化工、环境、医药、纺织等领域具有广阔的应用前景。文中概括了耐有机溶剂型分离膜的分离技术与分类,阐述了耐有机溶剂型分离膜的制备方法,介绍了耐有机溶剂型分离膜的应用进展,并对耐有机溶剂型分离膜的发展趋势进行了展望。综述内容可为耐有机溶剂型分离膜的推广和应用提供策略支撑。

膜分离技术在中药现代化中的应用:进展、难点及发展方向

综述了膜技术在中药现代化进程中包括有效成分的提取和浓缩、中药制剂的制备等方面的应用,探讨了膜技术在中药制药中面临的挑战,基于膜污染与使用寿命、规模化应用等提出了解决思路。针对目前膜技术在中药现代化中的应用多数仍处于实验探索研究阶段这一现状,从膜材料创新等角度结合可持续发展、绿色制药等理念对未来的发展方向作了展望。

可用于水处理的离子选择性纳米离子通道研究进展

选择性离子去除作为一种新兴的水处理方法,已被用于废水中的养分回收、水的软化、从盐水提取关键矿物质以及工业废水的利用等水处理领域。生物离子通道具有高效的单离子选择性,在过去的20 a里,纳米级和亚纳米级离子通道都被成功制备出来以模拟生物离子通道。主要介绍了天然离子通道的概念和理论框架,综述了目前纳米离子通道膜的材料与制备方法,总结了典型水污染离子的纳米离子通道选择性及优缺点和研究方向。单/多价离子之间的离子大小、电荷和亲疏水差异可测量,因此构建单/多价之间的离子选择性通道的基础是通道尺寸、表面电荷和亲疏水性的调节。而单价离子间尺寸差异并不显著,因此,特异性离子结合相互作用被引入到亚1 nm通道中以实现单离子选择性。分析了理想的纳米离子通道如何构建,提出目标离子选择性通常取决于通道的物理和化学性质,包括孔径、通道维度、表面电荷、功能位点和通道壁极性等,通过改变或优化这几种因素,可以提高膜对于目标离子的选择性分离。最后,对未来将膜技术与纳米离子通道结合以实现离子选择性去除进行了展望。

微生物检验过程中微滤膜分离技术的应用价值

目的探讨微生物检验过程中微滤膜分离技术的应用价值。方法以2022年1月—2023年6月济南市疾病预防控制中心接收的86份微生物待检样本为研究对象。从每份待检样本中各取10 mL以平板计数法进行微生物检验,另各取10 mL基于微滤膜分离技术获取菌细胞进行微生物检验。比较2种检验方法的微生物检出率、微生物检验出报告时间与活菌回收率,评价检验效果。结果2种方法共检出阳性样本47份,其中微滤膜分离技术检出45份,占比为95.74%,平板计数法检出阳性样本47份,占比为100%。2种方法的初检86份样本的阳性检出率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);基于复检结果,微滤膜分离技术初诊漏检2例,2种方法的复检阳性率与漏检率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。微滤膜分离技术的平均培养时间(20.24±3.17)h,短于平板计数法的(32.75±4.36)h,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随机抽样回收率实验,微滤膜分离技术的阳性菌回收率分别为87.69%、87.50%、79.07%、67.86%、83.51%,高于平板计数法的72.01%、71.38%、64.19%、47.32%、65.64%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论微生物检验中应用微滤膜分离技术的阳性检出率与平板计数法相当,但前者的培养时间更短,微生物检验出报告时间早,阳性菌回收率更高,效果优于平板计数法。

浅谈膜分离技术在生物化工方面的应用

膜分离技术被称为21世纪最具发展前景的高新技术之一,目前这项技术在许多领域中已有着广泛的应用。介绍膜分离技术的主要类型及优势,综述其在生物化工方面的应用现状,应用实践表明,膜分离技术可有效解决传统分离技术在产品分离过程中存在的工艺条件要求高、过程复杂、周期长、能耗大、易造成二次污染等问题,明显提升生物化工产品的收率和品质。同时,也对膜分离技术在生物化工应用中存在的问题提出了优化建议。

城市污水处理技术的进展与未来挑战:以持续减排为目标

本文系统回顾了城市污水的主要污染物,总结了现有的污水处理技术,并重点探讨了以持续减排为目标的新型污水处理技术,如微生物技术、膜分离技术和纳米技术等。最后,本文还分析了未来污水处理技术发展中要面临的挑战,以及未来的研究方向,为城市污水处理技术的发展提供参考。

高盐废水处理技术的研究进展和发展方向综述

本文概述了高盐废水的主要来源和危害,重点分析了膜分离技术、电渗析技术以及热法技术在高盐废水处理中的研究现状。通过分析各种技术的优势与局限性,提出了未来高盐废水处理技术的发展方向,旨在实现高盐废水的高效处理与资源化利用。