微塑料和紫外线吸收剂对小球藻(Chlorella sp.)的联合毒性效应

微塑料和紫外线吸收剂作为难降解、持久性强的新型污染物,近年来已成为了国内外环境问题的研究热点。然而,这2类广泛存在于水体中的污染物对海洋微藻的联合毒性仍不明确。本研究添加直径1μm的聚苯乙烯微塑料(polystyrene micro plastics,PS-MPs,10 mg·L^(-1))至不同浓度(50μg·L^(-1)和500μg·L^(-1))的有机紫外线吸收剂阿伏苯宗(butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane,BMDM)海水溶液中,对小球藻(Chlorella sp.)进行7 d的胁迫实验,从生长抑制率、表面形貌和物理特征、光合色素含量、氧化应激水平以及胞外产物(EPS)含量等指标揭示2种污染物对小球藻的联合毒性效应。结果显示:50μg·L^(-1)和500μg·L^(-1)2种浓度的BMDM单一胁迫时,小球藻的最高抑制率分别为26.15%和42.05%,而2种浓度的BMDM与PS-MPs复合胁迫时,小球藻的最高抑制率则分别为15.38%和17.95%,BMDM单一胁迫对小球藻的抑制率高于复合胁迫。原子力显微镜(AFM)对细胞表面的观察发现,与BMDM单一胁迫相比,复合胁迫的小球藻表面凹陷较少,褶皱程度较低。同时,小球藻的表面黏度以及粗糙度均呈现降低的趋势。还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量较低,氧化应激反应减弱。此外,与BMDM单一胁迫相比,复合胁迫的小球藻EPS合成量显著减少,藻胆蛋白(PBPs)的含量较低,而小球藻的细胞密度较高。研究结果表明,PS-MPs和BMDM的联合作用对小球藻的生长表现拮抗效应,即PS-MPs的添加能降低BMDM对小球藻的毒性作用。

Supplementation of alanine improves biomass accumulation and lipid production of Chlorella pyrenoidosa by increasing the respiratory and metabolic processes

The function of exogenous alanine(Ala)in regulating biomass accumulation,lipid production,photosynthesis,and respiration in Chlorella pyrenoidosa was studied.Result shows that the supplementation of Ala increased C.pyrenoidosa biomass and lipid production in an 8-d batch culture.The concentration of 10 mmol/L of Ala was optimum and increased the microalgal cell biomass and lipid content by 39.3%and 21.4%,respectively,compared with that in the control(0-mmol/L Ala).Ala supplementation reduced photosynthetic activity while boosting respiratory activity and pyruvate levels,indicating that C.pyrenoidosa used exogenous Ala for biomass accumulation through the respiratory metabolic process.The accelerated respiratory metabolism due to Ala supplementation elevated the substrate pool and improved the lipogenic gene expression,promoting lipid production at last.This study provided a novel method for increasing biomass accumulation and lipid production and elucidated the role of Ala in regulating lipid production.

Effect of Light Intensity and pH on Cell Density Assessed by Spectrophotometry for the Unicellular Algae Chlorella vulgaris

In this study, an effective environment for Chlorella vulgaris growth is sought after. As a substitute source of food and feed, increasing the cell density of Chlorella culture is one of the keys to ensuring sustainability. It can be showed from different studies that optimum light intensity and pH could increase cell density. In this study, the effects of light and pH on the growth rate of C. vulgaris were observed in photobioreactor. A specific wavelength (682 nm) was determined by UV-Vis Spectrophotometry to carry out the further analysis. The light intensities were set at 7409, 9261 and 11,113 lux;pH values were set at 7, 8 and 9 respectively. The experimental results depicted the light intensity of 9261 lux as the best due to the higher number of cells (48.56 × 106 cells/mL) obtained using this intensity. In terms of pH, without pH control, cell numbers were found to be highest under the light intensity of 9261 lux. When pH was controlled, it was found that under the optimum light intensity, pH control between 7.0 and 7.5 was the optimum range for the growth of C. vulgaris. Moreover, this method of study may possibly be a promising source of low cost culture for Chlorella vulgaris.

Effect of Chlorella Intake on the Development of Atherosclerosis and Spontaneous Thrombolytic Activity

Background and Purpose: Thrombotic disease is a leading cause of death in industrialized countries. The development of atherosclerosis is a major underlying pathogenesis. Atherosclerotic lesions are largely related to abnormalities in lipid metabolism, and improvement of dietary habits is of great significance. Chlorella is a unicellular organism belonging to the green algae family, and is consumed worldwide as a functional food for the purpose of health promotion due to its excellent nutritional balance including high quality protein. In this study, we investigated the effects of long-term consumption of Chlorella as a food on the development of atherosclerosis and its ability to dissolve thrombi caused by the disruption of the atherosclerotic layer as a functional study of Chlorella. Methods: ApoE−/− and Ldlr−/− double-knockout mice were fed a chlorella-supplemented experimental diet for 14 weeks. The Entire aorta method was used to measure atherosclerosis development, and the area of sclerotic vessels was evaluated as a percentage of the total area of vessels. In addition, mRNA levels of lipid metabolism-related proteins in the liver and blood vessels were analyzed, as well as blood lipoprotein analysis. Spontaneous thrombolytic activity was measured by measuring the change in volume over time of thrombus formed in microvessel running over the cremaster muscle of the mice using the He-Ne laser-induced thrombus model. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in atherosclerosis development compared to the placebo group. However, a significant decrease in SREBP-1 mRNA level and a significant increase in mRNA levels of LXR and CPY71a were observed in the chlorella group. Cholesterol and TG levels in each lipoprotein fraction did not differ between the two groups. On the other hand, thrombolysis in vivo was not significantly different between the two groups in terms of thrombus volume at 60 minutes after thrombus formation. However, a trend toward decreased PAI-1 and TAFI mRNA expression levels was observed in the chlorella group. Conclusion: Intake of chlorella as a food suggested an effect on cholesterol catabolism, increased bile acid synthesis, improved lipid metabolism, and inhibited the development of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, it was suggested that chlorella may suppress the expression of fibrinolytic inhibitory factor and enhance thrombolytic activity.

Inoculation of Chlorella and Food Waste Improves the Physio-Morphological Features of Red Pepper by Regulating Activating Antioxidant Defense System

Food waste is recognized as a valuable source for potential agricultural applications to supply organic matter and nutrients to arable soil.However,the information on the combined application of food waste and the plant growth-promoting bacterial strain,Chlorella,related to plant metabolic features and sodium chloride content in arable soil is limited.The present study was conducted to investigate the exogenous application of food waste along with Chlorella,which improved the physio-morphological features of red pepper.Our results revealed that this combination enhanced the organic matter in the soil,ultimately improving the fertility rate of the soil,and the physio-morphological features,such as chlorophyll a content(24.5±0.7),root(7.8±0.7)cm and shoot length(12.1±0.7)cm,fresh weight(2.1±0.05)g,dry weight(0.19±0.05)g,mineral contents,and hormonal concentration(ABA by up to 2 folds).The combined treatment also minimized free radicals via the activation of the intrinsic antioxidant series cascade and electrolyte leakage.Our findings showed that adding Chlorella and food wastes improved growth characteristics and can be used as a green bio-fertilizer for sustainable agriculture.

Chlorella across latitudes: investigating biochemical composition and antioxidant activities for biotechnological applications

With the present day rise of interest in acquiring sustainability in the pharmaceutical industry,there has been an emphasis on finding natural resources to replace the use of synthetic compounds used in products.Microalgae have garnered significant attention owing to their natural and sustainable capability to produce a diverse array of bioactive compounds.Therefore,this study aims to evaluate the biochemical composition and antioxidant properties of Chlorella strains from a tropical region(Chlorella UMACC 051 and Chlorella UMACC 038)and a polar region(Chlorella UMACC 250 and Chlorella UMACC 234).The cultures were grown for 10 d.At the end of the experiment,the specific growth rate,chlorophyll-a content,carotenoid content,biomass,and biochemical composition such as carbohydrate,protein and lipid content were determined.In addition,the phytochemical properties were determined using a total phenolic assay while the antioxidant activities were determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH).Of all Chlorella strains tested,the tropical Chlorella UMACC 051 showed the fastest growth rate and biomass while the polar Chlorella UMACC 234 contained the highest pigment content and tropical Chlorella UMACC 038 has the highest total phenolic content.The biochemical composition analysis showed all strains have a high lipid content ranging from 45.36%to 60.30%dry weight.All Chlorella strains exhibited a small amount of antioxidant activity(15.42%to 30.15%)and total phenolic content ranging from 1.91±0.04 to 4.43±0.10 mg GAE·g–1 dry weight.The results indicated that polar Chlorella UMACC 234 has the most potential in containing significant amounts of bioactive compounds.

添加微藻的水生动植物组合对畜禽养殖场污水净化效应

用正交试验方法研究了添加微藻后的不同水生动植物组合对畜禽养殖场污水的净化效果。结果表明微藻的添加对污水的脱氮除磷效果有促进作用,当小球藻的添加量为1000 mL时,对总氮、硝态氮、总磷的去除效果最好,比未添加小球藻组去除率提高4.8%、32.63%、22.18%;当小球藻的添加量为4.4×10^(6)cell·mL^(-1)时,对氨氮、COD的去除效果较好,比未添加小球藻组去除率提高25.77%、13.30%。其中去除水体总氮、硝态氮效果最佳组合为红鲫鱼270 g·m^(-2),小球藻2.2×10^(6)cell·mL^(-1),田螺400 g·m^(-2),黑藻200 g·m^(-2)。去除氨氮最佳组合为红鲫鱼540 g·m^(-2),小球藻4.4×10^(6)cell·mL^(-1),田螺200 g·m^(-2),添加黑藻和苦草(种植比例1∶1,密度200 g·m^(-2))。去除总磷TP最佳组合为红鲫鱼540 g·m^(-2),小球藻2.2×10^(6)cell·mL^(-1),田螺400 g·m^(-2),黑藻(种植密度200 g·m^(-2))。研究表明,应用正交试验可以优化水生植物组合对畜禽污水净化处理工艺,对于不同的目标污染物,具有不同的最优参数组合,综合考虑各因素对各目标污染物的去除效果的影响,可以选择污水净化工艺的最优参数组合,通过回收沼液养殖的微藻用于水生动植物组合进一步净化养殖场污水,实现废弃物资源化循环利用,对于污水深度处理技术具有良好的应用前景。

EM菌发酵兔粪浸出液对小球藻生长及生化成分的影响

研究了EM厨余堆肥菌发酵处理的兔粪浸出液对小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)的生长及蛋白质、可溶性糖、叶绿素等生化成分的影响。结果表明,兔粪浸出液处理组中,7%浓度组小球藻在第12天时达到最大现存量,为1.06×10^(7)个/mL,而对照组最大现存量只有6.45×10^(6)个/mL;7%浓度组的小球藻与对照组相比生长差异表现明显。5%、7%浓度组在第8天时其藻细胞密度已接近对照组的最大现存量,分别为6.02×10^(6)个/mL和6.80×10^(6)个/mL,表明适宜浓度的兔粪浸出液处理对小球藻的生长有刺激作用。低浓度组中3%浓度组的小球藻生长不理想,但蛋白质积累最高,含量达到17.31 mg/L,与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05)。6%浓度组的可溶性糖含量最高,为332.7 mg/L,其叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量分别为3.19、1.58 mg/L和0.57 mg/L,与对照组相比差异显著。

基于快照式多光谱特征波长的小球藻叶黄素产量快速测定

叶黄素是天然的抗氧化剂,对人体健康有多种益处,异养小球藻具有叶黄素纯度和产量均较高的优势,而小球藻叶黄素产量主要取决于生物质产量和叶黄素含量两个因素。传统的光密度法测生物质产量和高效液相色谱法测叶黄素含量存在操作复杂、时效性低等不足。为了快速、无损测定小球藻生长过程中叶黄素含量变化,搭建可见-近红外双模式快照式多光谱成像检测系统,根据光谱响应区域,分别利用可见光相机获取叶黄素光谱信息,近红外相机获取生物质光谱信息,构建含有生物质量和叶黄素含量信息的可见-近红外双模式多光谱数据集。针对系统所使用的快照式多光谱相机光谱范围宽、波长数量少的特征波长选取问题,提出一种结合序列浮动前向选择的改进型连续投影算法(mSPA);将mSPA与常规的连续投影算法、遗传算法及随机蛙跳三种波长选择算法作对比分析后,构建了基于特征波长的多元线性回归和极限学习机模型;最后,利用生物质产量和叶黄素含量的最佳预测模型生成小球藻叶黄素产量的可视化分布图。结果表明,在利用近红外、可见光相机分别检测小球藻生物质、叶黄素量时,mSPA得到的特征波长数均较少,并具有最高的预测精度。生物质量与叶黄素含量的最佳模型均为mSPA筛选特征波长后建立的极限学习机模型,对应的预测集决定系数分别为0.947和0.907,预测集均方根误差分别为0.698 g·L^(-1)和0.077 mg·g^(-1),剩余预测偏差分别为3.535和3.338,模型的预测能力较好。可视化分布实现了直观监测小球藻叶黄素产量的变化,有助于后续实际生产中在线检测叶黄素产量。mSPA在快照式多光谱检测小球藻生物质含量及叶黄素含量中,通过对排序波长逐个评估以选择出最佳特征波长组合,有效地避免了特征波长的错选、漏选,提高了模型的预测精度,为快照式多光谱成像技术应用提供新的波长选择思路。

基于AQUATOX模拟的小球藻处理水产养殖废水试验

目的 为实现低碳快捷处理水产养殖废水,探究利用小球藻处理废水的最优方案。方法 以某鲅鱼养殖基地水体为对象,利用AQUATOX软件建立水生态环境模型,根据不同的水产养殖废水浓度、水力停留时间和流量建立5个试验组,稀释后投加5 mg/L的小球藻藻种,模拟分析小球藻的处理效果,并将结果与实测数据进行对比。结果 投加小球藻的最适比例为:ρ(小球藻)∶ρ(TN)∶ρ(NH_(3)-N)∶ρ(TP)∶ρ(CODcr)=1∶16.8∶3.2∶0.8∶40;最适投加比例的小球藻对废水中的TN、TP、NH_(3)-N、CODCr的处理效率分别达到了73%、72.5%、94%、75%;藻生物量也达到了初始值的26倍。结论 应用AQUATOX模型可以快速实现小球藻处理水产养殖废水方案优化,TN、TP、NH_(3)-N和CODcr质量浓度模拟结果的平均相对误差分别为0.32%、2.52%、4.83%和0.10%。

蛋白核小球藻光谱辐射特性实验研究

微藻是一种非常有发展前景的生物质能源。为提高其生物质产率并降低成本,需要对光生物反应器进行优化设计,藻细胞光谱辐射特性是进行相关光学分析的基础物性参数。本文对蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella Pyrenoidosa)在可见光波段的光谱吸收截面、散射截面、衰减截面、散射反照率等光谱辐射特性参数进行了实验研究。在3种不同藻细胞浓度下测得的光谱吸收截面、散射截面及衰减截面基本相同,这与光散射理论结果吻合,即截面参数与粒子浓度无关,验证了测量结果的准确性。本文测量数据可为蛋白核小球藻混悬液中光场分布分析及相关光生物反应器优化提供必要的光学物性参数。

餐厨垃圾相变液制备小球藻饲料对罗氏沼虾生长性能及营养成分的影响

为探究餐厨垃圾耦合培养的小球藻饲料对罗氏沼虾生长性能、基础营养成分和品质的影响,以大塘养殖罗氏沼虾为试验对象,在基础饲料中添加0.1%小球藻饲料,进行30 d的养殖试验,测定其生长性能、基础体成分和肌肉营养成分。试验结果显示,添加0.1%小球藻饲料能够提高罗氏沼虾的终末平均体重、终末平均体长、质量增加率和特定生长率,差异不显著(P>0.05)。添加小球藻饲料有助于提高虾体的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分、Ca、P等含量,差异不显著(P>0.05);此外,添加小球藻饲料能提高虾体的部分必需氨基酸含量和不饱和脂肪酸含量,其中单不饱和脂肪酸含量是对照组的2倍,多不饱和脂肪酸含量比对照组提高了25.6%,油酸、花生一烯酸和亚油酸含量分别达1 131.10、24.87和768.91μg·mL^(-1),显著高于对照组(P<0.05),具有较高的食用价值与保健作用。

饵料对卤虫幼体生长、存活和营养组成的影响

卤虫是水产动物重要的生物饵料,本研究分别采用酵母、小球藻藻粉和发酵虾片等3种饵料投喂卤虫无节幼体,探讨饵料对卤虫幼体生长、存活和营养组成的影响。结果表明:经过6 d的养殖,发酵虾片组卤虫幼体生长最快,其平均体长显著大于小球藻藻粉组和酵母组(P<0.05);酵母组卤虫幼体存活率最低,小球藻藻粉组与发酵虾片组存活率差异不显著(P>0.05)。相比卤虫无节幼体,养殖6日龄的各饵料组卤虫幼体的粗蛋白质含量显著提高(P<0.05),但粗脂肪的含量则显著降低(P<0.05),其中小球藻藻粉组和发酵虾片组卤虫幼体的蛋白质含量显著高于酵母组(P<0.05);发酵虾片组卤虫幼体的粗脂肪含量显著高于小球藻藻粉组和酵母组(P<0.05);相比小球藻藻粉组和酵母组,发酵虾片组卤虫幼体的氨基酸总量和必需氨基酸总量均最高;各试验组检测到较高含量的EPA,但均未检测到DHA;发酵虾片组卤虫幼体的总脂肪酸含量和多不饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于小球藻藻粉组和酵母组(P<0.05),而小球藻藻粉组卤虫幼体的HUFA、EPA含量明显高于酵母组和发酵虾片组(P<0.05)。综上所述,发酵虾片和小球藻藻粉相较于酵母具有卤虫营养强化的优势,可用于卤虫的养殖生产。

小球藻生长因子关键挥发性风味物质研究

为确定小球藻生长因子的风味特征,比较顶空⁃固相微萃取(headspace⁃solid phase microextraction,HS⁃SPME)和溶剂辅助风味蒸发(solvent⁃assisted flavor evaporation,SAFE)对挥发性风味物质的提取效果,结合气相色谱⁃质谱联用(gas chromatography⁃mass spectrometry,GC⁃MS),对小球藻生长因子液挥发性风味物质进行鉴定;并在此基础上采用气相色谱⁃嗅闻⁃质谱联用(gas chromatography⁃olfactory⁃mass spectrometry,GC⁃O⁃MS),结合相对气味活度值(relative odor activity value,ROAV)对小球藻生长因子中关键挥发性风味物质进行研究。结果表明:与SAFE相比,HS⁃SPME提取的挥发性风味物质种类更多,相对含量更高,鉴定出50种成分,主要为醇类、酮类、杂环类及醛类等;GC⁃O⁃MS结合ROAV筛选出5种关键风味物质,分别为2⁃庚酮、2,4,5⁃三甲基恶唑、噻唑、二甲基二硫醚和2⁃乙基己醇。

菌藻协同对大口黑鲈养殖水环境、生长和免疫酶活性的影响

为探索添加小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)和小球藻+枯草芽孢杆菌对大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)养殖水环境、生长性能及其相关酶活性的影响,在1000 L聚乙烯桶中进行试验,共设置空白组(饲喂基础饲料)、小球藻组、枯草芽孢杆菌组和菌藻混合组(水体中同时添加小球藻和枯草芽孢杆菌)4个组,每组设3个重复,每个重复放50尾体质量为(11.71±0.90)g的大口黑鲈,进行60 d的养殖试验。结果表明:试验过程中,与空白组相比,加藻/菌试验组水体中所测理化指标总体上均有所优化,各试验组总氮、总磷和溶解氧含量差异较小,而氨氮、硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮含量相差较大,尤其是菌藻混合组水体中的氨氮、硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮含量在多数时间点均达到了最低水平(P<0.05);试验结束时,各试验组大口黑鲈的体质量、增重率和特定生长率均较空白组有所增加,但仅菌藻混合组显著高于空白组(P<0.05);试验过程中,与空白组相比,加藻/菌试验组鱼肝脏还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)和溶菌酶(LZM)活力总体上均显著提高(P<0.05),丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05),尤其是菌藻混合组的抗氧化效果更好。研究表明,在水环境中添加小球藻或枯草芽孢杆菌均可以改善水质环境,促进大口黑鲈生长,提高其抗氧化和免疫能力,藻菌协同效果更优。

气升式光生物反应器中Chlorella sp.优化培养与能量计算

高油脂含量的微藻能够有效利用太阳能生产生物油脂,从而实现无机碳转化为有机碳的过程.如何降低微藻培养过程的能量消耗,是实现含油微藻规模化生产生物柴油的关键.通过对气升式光生物反应器中Chlorella sp.培养条件的优化,以及不同培养条件的能量计算和比较,发现当使用侧光光纤作为内置光源时可以提高光能利用率,在适宜的通气速率（0.6 L/min）条件下,可获得单位能耗的最大生物产量4.40 g/（W·d）,较同等条件下外置光源时产量提高了8~25倍.

Isolation of Chlorella vulgaris and Its DNA Extraction Methods

[Objective] The aim of this study is to isolate Chlorella vulgaris(chlorella)and extract its genomic DNA.[Method] Both the dilution method and drip method were employed to isolate chlorella from lake water samples;the conditions for culturing chlorella were optimized and its genomic DNA was extracted by improved CTAB method and SDS method.[Result] The proper conditions for chlorella culture were as following:temperature 20-25 ℃,illumination 4.39-5.86 W/m2 and rotational speed 100-150r/min;improved CTAB method was suitable for extracting genomic DNA from chlorella.[Conclusion] The study is helpful to study the chlorella at molecular level and promote the exploitation and utilization of chlorella resources.

普通小球藻对水体NH_(4)^(+)-N、NO_(2)^(-)-N去除效果及NO_(2)^(-)-N的同化途径

为评估水产养殖中小球藻在调控水体氨氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)和亚硝酸盐氮(NO_(2)^(-)-N)的应用前景,实验以普通小球藻为对象,饲料废水为培养液,首先检测了曝气、光照、光照+曝气条件下普通小球藻细胞密度及水体中NH_(4)^(+)-N和NO_(2)^(-)-N的时间变化规律,其次分析了时间(X1)、光照强度(X2)或初始藻密度(X3)对2种氮盐去除率(Y)的影响,最后评估了普通小球藻去除水体中NH_(4)^(+)-N、NO_(2)^(-)-N和NO_(3)^(-)-N的效果,并解析了普通小球藻同化水体NO_(2)^(-)-N的潜在途径。结果显示,普通小球藻在适宜的光照条件下具有极佳的氮盐去除能力,其在18000 lx时对NH_(4)^(+)-N去除率高达96.23%,在9000 lx时对NO_(2)^(-)-N去除率高达99.19%;初始藻密度在2.5×105个/mL时对NH_(4)^(+)-N、NO_(2)^(-)-N去除率最高,分别为94.92%和99.05%。氮盐去除率与处理时间和光照强度的回归方程:YNH_(4)^(+)-N=1.189X1+5.79×10-4X2+24.158(R^(2)=0.664),YNO_(2)^(-)-N=1.562X1+1.909×10-3X2-26.078(R^(2)=0.762);氮盐去除率与处理时间和初始藻密度的回归方程为:YNH_(4)^(+)-N=0.888X1+1.02×10-5X3+32.555(R^(2)=0.408),YNO_(2)^(-)-N=1.746X1+1.64×10-5X3-17.250(R^(2)=0.613)。普通小球藻去除氮盐顺序为NH_(4)^(+)-N>NO_(3)^(-)-N>NO_(2)^(-)-N;NH_(4)^(+)-N同化阶段普通小球藻亚硝酸盐还原酶活性显著低于NO_(2)^(-)-N同化阶段。研究表明,普通小球藻能显著降低水体NH_(4)^(+)-N与NO_(2)^(-)-N含量,NO_(2)^(-)-N可能是由藻细胞内亚硝酸盐还原酶还原成NH_(4)^(+)-N而被普通小球藻同化吸收。该研究结果可为养殖水体原位生物修复提供科学依据。

小球藻的营养价值及其在水产动物饲料中的应用

小球藻(Chlorella)是一种单细胞绿藻,含有较高的蛋白质、多种矿物质和微量元素。在水产动物饲料中作为植物蛋白源,营养物质丰富且分布广泛,在促进鱼类生长、提高免疫力中发挥重要作用。饲料中添加小球藻可以替代部分鱼粉,提高营养价值。近年来,随着微藻的大力推广,小球藻逐渐成为优质的饲料添加剂。文章简述了小球藻的营养组成、适宜添加水平以及对鱼类生长性能、消化能力、免疫和体色影响等。

不同抗生素和防腐剂对小球藻Chlorella sorokiniana细胞生长的影响

【目的】分析不同抗生素和防腐剂对小球藻Chlorella sorokiniana细胞生长的影响,筛选出适宜的抗生素和防腐剂种类及其剂量,为建立小球藻C.sorokiniana无菌培养体系提供参考依据。【方法】在HSM培养基中分别添加10、20、40、60、80和100μg/mL抗生素,包括氯霉素、链霉素、青霉素、庆大霉素和头孢噻肟,以及山梨酸钾(50、100、150和200μg/mL)、乳酸钠(0.5%、1.0%和2.0%)、富马酸二甲酯(0.1、0.5、1.0、5.0、10.0、25.0和50.0μg/mL)等防腐剂,培养3 d后测定小球藻C.sorokiniana的细胞密度、叶绿素含量及光系统Ⅱ最大光化学量子产量(Fv/F_m)。【结果】添加10~100μg/mL青霉素或10~80μg/mL头孢噻肟对小球藻C.sorokiniana细胞密度、叶绿素含量和Fv/F_m的影响均不显著(P>0.05,下同);添加100μg/mL头孢噻肟会抑制藻细胞生长,抑制率为18.89%,并引起叶绿素含量和Fv/F_m极显著下降(P<0.01,下同)。氯霉素、链霉素和庆大霉素等蛋白质合成抑制类抗生素对小球藻C.sorokiniana细胞的毒性较强,高于10μg/mL的链霉素和庆大霉素及高于20μg/mL的氯霉素均极显著抑制藻细胞生长,对应的叶绿素含量和Fv/F_m也极显著下降。3种防腐剂中,山梨酸钾对小球藻C.sorokiniana细胞生长无显著影响,添加200μg/mL山梨酸钾还会促进细胞叶绿素含量增加;乳酸钠对小球藻C.sorokiniana细胞有一定的毒性作用,其藻细胞密度、叶绿素含量和Fv/F_m随添加浓度增加而降低;添加0.1~10.0μg/mL富马酸二甲酯不影响小球藻C.sorokiniana的细胞密度及叶绿素含量,但Fv/F_m极显著下降。【结论】建立小球藻C.sorokiniana无菌培养体系时宜选用青霉素和头孢噻肟为抗生素、山梨酸钾为防腐剂,其推荐使用浓度分别为青霉素100μg/mL、头孢噻肟80μg/mL、山梨酸钾200μg/mL。