Prototype Engineering Test Platform of ITER Magnet Gravity Support

ITER magnet gravity support （GS） has been redesigned as a structure of pre- assembled nmlti-flexible plates instead of the original welded structure. In the past several years, engineering tests of the new structure have been proposed. A prototype engineering test plat- form is being developed. In order to apply the loads/load combinations onto the test mock-up, seven hydraulic bolt tensioners in three directions have been applied to simulate various loads （forces and moments）, through which the deformation of bolts, flexible plates and clamp blocks, the stress distribution in the flexible plates, the friction between the contact surface, etc. can be monitored/tested. The measurement and control system includes seven sets of synchronization controller, a 16-channel strain gauge, 25 sets of displacement sensors, etc. Principles of EDC220 digital controller and development of multi-channel control software are also demonstrated.

Shaking table test of subgrade slope reinforced by gravity retaining wall with geogrids

Gravity retaining wall with geogrids has showed excellent seismic performance from Wenchuan great earthquake.However,seismic damage mechanism of this kind of wall is not sufficiently clear.In view of this,a large shaking table test of the gravity retaining wall with geogrids to reinforce the subgrade slope was carried out,and based on the HilbertHuang transform and the marginal spectrum theory,the energy identification method of the slope dynamic failure mode was studied.The results show that the geogrids can effectively reduce displacement and rotation of the retaining wall,and it can effectively absorb the energy of the ground movement when combined with the surrounding soil.In addition,it also reveals the failure development of the gravity retaining wall with geogrids to reinforce the subgrade slope.The damage started in the deep zone near the geogrids,and then gradually extended to the surface of the subgrade slope and other zones,finally formed a continuous failure surface along the geogrids.The analysis results of the failure mode identified by the Hilbert marginal spectrum are in good consistency with the experimental results,which prove that the Hilbert marginal spectrum can be applied to obtain the seismic damage mechanism of slope.

Uncertainty analysis of ship model vertical center of gravity and transverse moment of inertia test

The usability of test results of ship model vertical center of gravity and transverse moment of inertia is generally depends on its uncertainty. Referring to the guidelines for uncertainty analysis in examination of liquid dynamic recommended by International Towing Tank Conference （ ITTC）, the results were analyzed, bias limits and precision limits were calculated and total uncertainty was estimated. The total uncertainty of six tests on ship model vertical center of gravity is is 0. 16% of the mean value, and the total uncertainty of six tests on ship model transverse moment of inertia is 5.66% of the mean value. The test results show that the total uncertainty of both the multiple tests and the single test is from the precision limits of ship model vertical center of gravity and transverse moment of inertia tests. Thus, the improved measurement system stability can enormously decrease the total uncertainty of multiple tests and the single test.

Spin-Spin Interactions in Gauge Theory of Gravity, Violation of Weak Equivalence Principle and New Classical Test of General Relativity

For a long time, it has been generally believed that spin-spin interactions can only exist in a theory where Lorentz symmetry is gauged, and a theory with spin-spin interactions is not perturbatively renormalizable. But this is not true. By studying the motion of a spinning particle in gravitational field, it is found that there exist spin-spin interactions in gauge theory of gravity. Its mechanism is that a spinning particle will generate gravitomagnetic field in space-time, and this gravitomagnetic field will interact with the spin of another particle, which will cause spin-spin interactions. So, spin-spin interactions are transmitted by gravitational field. The form of spin-spin interactions in post Newtonian approximations is deduced. This result can also be deduced from the Papapetrou equation. This kind of interaction will not affect the renormalizability of the theory. The spin-spin interactions will violate the weak equivalence principle, and the violation effects are detectable. An experiment is proposed to detect the effects of the violation of the weak equivalence principle.

Effect of gravity gradient in weak equivalence principle test

A high accuracy test of the weak equivalence principle（WEP） is of great scientific significance no matter whether its result is positive. We analyze the gravity gradient effect which is a main systematic error source in the test of WEP.The result shows that the uncompensated gravity gradient effect from the coupling term of the dominated gravity gradient multipole moment component q_（21） and the relative multipole field component Q_（21） contributes to an uncertainty of 1×10^（-11） on the E otv os parameter. We make a Q_（21） compensation to reduce the effect by about 20 times, and the limit of the test precision due to this coupling is improved to a level of a part in 10^（13）.

Stability analysis of gravity anchor foundation of layered argillaceous sandstone under dry-wet cycles

To investigate the stability of gravity anchors of suspension bridges,in-situ tests of the vertical bearing capacity of the bedrock,shear resistance of the anchor-rock interface,shear resistance of the bedrock were conducted in a suspension bridge project.Under dry-wet cycles,the deterioration law of the mechanical properties of argillaceous sandstone was identified in laboratory tests:the elastic modulus,cohesion and friction of the argillaceous sandstone deteriorated significantly at first few dry-wet cycles and then declined slowly after 10 cycles,ultimately these three mechanical parameters were reduced to about 1/3,1/3,2/3 of the initial value respectively.Moreover,numerical simulation was used to restore in-situ shear tests and a good agreement was obtained.Base on the results of in-situ and laboratory tests,the stability of the gravity anchor foundation under natural conditions and drywet cycles was calculated and its failure modes were analyzed.The results demonstrated that the dry-wet cycles caused uneven settlement of the anchor foundation,resulting in more serious stress concentration in the substrate.The dry-wet cycles remarkably reduced the stability coefficient of the anchor foundation,whose failure mode shifted from overturning failure under natural conditions to sliding failure.When there was weak interlayer in the rock layer,the anti-sliding stability of the anchor foundation was affected drastically.

Dynamic Behavior of Gravity Retaining Walls with Coral Sand Backfill Under Earthquakes:Shaking Table Tests

The retaining walls in coral sand sites are inevitably threatened by earthquakes. A series of shaking table tests were carried out to study the seismic stability of gravity retaining walls with coral sand backfill. Parallel tests with quartz sand were performed to compare and discuss the special dynamic properties of coral sand sites. The results show that the acceleration difference between the retaining wall and the coral sand backfill is 76%-92% that of the quartz sand,which corresponds to the larger liquefaction resistance of coral sand compared with the quartz sand. However, the horizontal displacement of the retaining walls with coral sand backfill reaches 79% of its own width under 0.4g vibration intensity. The risk of instability and damage of the retaining walls with coral sand backfill under strong earthquakes needs attention.

Equation of Motion of a Mass Point in Gravitational Field and Classical Tests of Gauge Theory of Gravity

A systematic method is developed to studY the classical motion of a mass point in gravitational gauge field. First, by using Mathematica, a spherical symmetric solution of the field equation of gravitational gauge field is obtained, which is just the traditional Schwarzschild solution. Combining the principle of gauge covariance and Newton＇s second law of motion, the equation of motion of a mass point in gravitational field is deduced. Based on the spherical symmetric solution of the field equation and the equation of motion of a mass point in gravitational field, we can discuss classical tests of gauge theory of gravity, including the deflection of light by the sun, the precession of the perihelia of the orbits of the inner planets and the time delay of radar echoes passing the sun. It is found that the theoretical predictions of these classical tests given by gauge theory of gravity are completely the same as those given by general relativity.

The damage to model concrete gravity dams subjected to water explosions

Over the past century,the safety of dams has gradually attracted attention from all parties.Research on the dynamic response and damage evolution of dams under extreme loads is the basis of dam safety issues.In recent decades,scholars have studied the responses of dams under earthquake loads,but there is still much room for improvement in experimental and theoretical research on small probability loads such as explosions.In this paper,a 50-m-high concrete gravity dam is used as a prototype dam,and a water explosion model test of a 2.5-m-high concrete gravity dam is designed.The water pressure and the acceleration response of the dam body in the test are analysed.The pressure characteristics and dynamic response of the dam body are assessed.Taking the dam damage test as an example,a numerical model of concrete gravity dam damage is established,and the damage evolution of the dam body is analysed.By combining experiments and numerical simulations,the damage characteristics of the dam body under the action of different charge water explosions are clarified.The integrity of the dam body is well maintained under the action of a small-quantity water explosion,and the dynamic response of the dam body is mainly caused by the shock wave.Both the shock wave and the bubble pulsation cause the dam body to accelerate,and the peak acceleration of the dam body under the action of the bubble pulsation is only one percent of the peak acceleration of the dam body under the action of the shock wave.When subjected to explosions in large quantities of water,the dam body is seriously damaged.Under the action of a shock wave,the dam body produces a secondary acceleration response,which is generated by an internal interaction after the dam body is damaged.The damage evolution process of the dam body under the action of a large-scale water explosion is analysed,and it is found that the shock wave pressure of the water explosion causes local damage to the dam body facing the explosion.After the peak value of the shock wave,the impulse continues to act on the dam body,causing cumulative damage and damage inside the dam body.

青藏高原东坡地形对影响云南降水的高原涡的作用机理

利用常规观测资料、FNL分析资料及经质控后的自动站小时降水数据,诊断分析了青藏高原东坡地形在2017年7月2-3日高原涡影响云南降水过程中的作用,并利用数值模式WRFv4.0对此次过程进行了地形敏感性试验。结果表明:高原涡是此次云南强降水的重要影响系统;低涡中心及附近区域中高层维持暖心结构,并呈现显著的上升、下沉运动交替的分布;过程累积雨量分布表现为两条明显的与山脉走向平行的西北-东南向雨带,且具有强弱交错的分布特征,强降水集中出现在午后至傍晚及前半夜两个时段内,中心均位于地形边坡,并随着低涡向下游传播;南亚高压、西北辐散气流、西太平洋副热带高压及滇缅高压为低涡的东移发展提供了有利的高空环流场,500 hPa正涡度及700 hPa水汽通量辐合中心对强降水落区具有较好指示意义;低涡降水期间存在β中尺度重力波,波动由青藏高原东坡地形激发,沿着300~200 hPa的气层传播,高空的非地转平衡运动及垂直风切变为重力波的发展及传播提供了有利条件,重力波先于低涡及降水向下游方向移动及发展,波脊处对应上升运动及辐散中心,波槽处对应下沉运动及辐合中心,强降水及波脊均位于低涡西南侧强辐合上升运动区;地形高度降低后,其机械阻挡抬升作用减弱,重力波和高原低涡消失,雨带强度及空间分布特征发生显著改变。高原东坡地形对高原涡的形成和发展,以及高原涡影响下的云南降水具有重要作用。

预制拼装铁路重力式桥墩的抗震性能研究

为适应中国铁路建设向高烈度震区快速发展的需要,解决传统预制拼装桥墩墩柱及承台连接位置薄弱等问题,提出一种灌浆波纹管连接的模块化预制拼装桥墩体系,通过设置承台与墩身塑性区域共同浇筑及墩底局部无黏结段增强桥墩的抗震性能。制作1个局部无黏结整体现浇铁路重力式桥墩模型和1个局部无黏结预制拼装铁路重力式桥墩模型开展拟静力试验,并结合有限元分析,进行预制拼装铁路重力式桥墩抗震性能研究。结果表明:局部无黏结预制拼装桥墩整体连接性能稳定,可通过墩底塑性区域破坏与墩身及节段间的摇摆实现共同消能,其破坏模式表现为墩底塑性区域的弯曲破坏,未发生破坏位置转移现象;局部无黏结预制拼装桥墩等效塑性区域高度比整体现浇桥墩降低,抗侧向水平承载力与耗能能力提升显著,位移延性能力良好,可适应更大加载位移,最终累积耗能增长64.3%;结构接缝位置连接稳定可靠,同等加载位移下等效刚度基本一致,抗震性能得到明显提高;预制节段划分对预制拼装铁路重力式桥墩抗震性能的影响不大。

基于模型的空投任务飞行品质试飞设计及评估

重装空投飞行试验过程中,货物运动会导致飞机姿态变化过大,影响飞行安全;为了保证重装空投飞行试验安全,建立了空投过程数学模型,预测空投过程飞机响应、使用“预测→验证→比较→预测”的方法指导飞行试验循序渐进实施;在空投试飞前,分析空投货物时飞机响应特点,确定载机平台飞行品质试飞内容,评价空投构型飞行品质,作为空投飞行试验的前提;对于空投任务飞行试验设计从试飞状态选择、试飞员操纵方法设计两方面开展研究,以飞机姿态控制为目标,确定重力空投、牵引空投过程飞机飞行状态、给出飞行员操纵建议,设计了空投过程评价要素表,形成面向空投任务的飞行试验设计及飞行品质评价技术;提出的基于模型的试验设计方法及飞行品质评价方法可以有效保障空投任务执行,并全面充分地评价空投任务下的飞行品质。

基于模型试验的齿坎型重力锚抗滑机制

为了探究齿坎型重力式锚碇的承载特性与抗滑机制,依托贵州省牂牁江特大桥纳雍岸重力式锚碇工程,开展了相同试验条件下平底锚碇1/4埋深、齿坎锚碇1/4埋深、平底锚碇半埋深及齿坎锚碇半埋深四种工况的室内物理模型试验,并对各工况锚碇位移-荷载曲线、锚碇-地基接触应力、地基应变及地基宏观变形破坏特征进行分析。结果表明:四种工况锚碇模型的极限承载力分别为3P(平底1/4埋深)、4P(齿坎1/4埋深)、7P(平底半埋深)和8P(齿坎半埋深);同种型式锚碇模型增大埋深可以显著提升锚碇的承载能力,同等埋深条件下齿坎型重力式锚碇承载性能要优于平底重力式锚碇;齿坎构造能够充分调动地基联合承载;基于地基的宏观变形破坏特征将其变形破坏过程划分为无裂隙、裂隙初现、裂隙发展以及破坏四个阶段;对齿坎型重力式锚碇承力过程进行了力学分析,得出齿坎构造力学特性较好,对限制锚碇变位和提高锚碇承载能力作用明显。

流动式相对重力仪的研制与应用

地球重力场信息是进行地球物理研究的重要基础数据,对我国具有重要意义。作为陆上高精度重力测量的核心仪器,流动式相对重力仪因其技术门槛高,国内市场长期被国外产品所垄断。天津航海仪器研究所依托掌握的金属零长弹簧制备核心技术,成功研制出流动式相对重力仪,成为国内极少数掌握该项技术的单位,可全面满足包括陆上重力基线场在内的野外测量作业要求。由天津航海仪器研究所研制的流动式相对重力仪通过了国内最具权威用户组织中国地震局的入网测评,实测重复性标准差为3.1μGal,精度为3.5μGal,分辨力优于1μGal,整体性能达到国际先进水平。

不同风场结构下贺兰山地形降水的理想数值试验

地形降水是我国西北地区最主要的降水类型之一,加深其形成机理的认识对提高预报能力有重要意义。本文以贺兰山东麓地区20次暴雨过程中的高空环境参数为基础构建不同类型风场垂直分布结构,利用WRF模式中的em_hill2d_x模块开展不同类型风场对降水模态影响的理想数值试验。结果表明:(1)有/无风垂直切变的两种不同类型干气流过山后其迎风坡均表现为地形对迎风坡气流的抬升作用,而背风坡波动表现出明显不同的变化特征,单层均一气流条件下背风坡主要表现为沿垂直方向传播的过山波,低空存在风切变的风场条件下背风侧主要体现背风波的特征,重力波呈水平与垂直传播共存的特征,且随着低空风切变增强水平传播的背风波特征越来越明显。(2)单层均一湿气流条件下模拟的降水主要位于迎风侧,背风侧在较强的下坡风影响下,降水强度相对较弱。当风速增大至10m·s^(-1)以上时,迎风侧云水含量大值区向山顶汇集,降水强度显著增强。低空存在风切变湿气流过山试验结果显示在迎风侧与背风侧均存在较强的降水中心,背风坡存在一深对流系统,随着风速增大,两侧降水均增强。(3)在低空东风高空西风的条件下,背风侧降水显著减弱,降水更加集中于上游山顶附近,强度也有一定的增强,这与高空西风的出现使迎风坡上升气流加强,且不利于水汽向下游的输送有关,这是贺兰山脉两侧降水特征存在显著差异的主要原因之一。

配重系统对HDPE圆形重力式网箱水动力特性影响研究

重力式网箱在强水流作用下的容积保持率关系到养殖鱼类健康生长,而网箱不同配重系统与其容积保持率、网箱阻力息息相关。为探究不同配重系统对网箱水动力特性的影响,本研究采用田内准则,通过模型试验研究了周长40 m的HDPE圆形重力式网箱在4种不同配重系统下其容积保持率、网箱阻力与流速之间的关系。结果显示:随着流速和配重量的增加,4种配重类型下网箱箱体的阻力均逐渐增大,并且阻力与流速之间呈现幂函数关系;与采用沉子配重的箱体相比,采用铁链配重的网箱在配重总量逐渐增加时,其阻力变化不大;当流速超过28.3 cm/s时,“底框+撑网圈+沉子”这种配重组合方式能够实现网箱容积保持率的最大化,在最大试验流速为70.7 cm/s以及3种不同配重重量条件下,分别能够保持有效容积的65.96%、69.10%和71.72%,此外,采用上述配重系统的网箱在特定流速和配重量下,其单位体积阻力最小,表现出最佳性能;经无量纲化处理发现箱体阻力与有效容积之间呈现出显著的负相关性。研究结果为HDPE重力式网箱的配重系统设计和应用提供了有益的参考依据。

无压三产品重介质旋流器的发展和展望

无压三产品重介质旋流器作为重要的选煤分选设备,具有结构简单、分选精度高、节能环保的特点。介绍了无压三产品重介质旋流器在国内的发展应用历程,分析了不同时期三产品重介质旋流器的性能特点和应用效果,并对三产品重介质旋流器选煤工艺及装备的发展进行了展望。认为,无压三产品重介质旋流器技术工艺应持续研究原煤及煤泥重介质旋流器工艺参数对分选过程的影响和磁选工艺参数对磁选作业工艺效果的影响,重视中煤磁选尾矿的分选工艺;而在重介质旋流器装备方面要降低分选下限、提高分选精度,进一步提高检测设备的精度及可靠性、提高旋流器的使用寿命。

蜂窝板预埋管路辐射器流动散热特性仿真

为解决传统数值方法对辐射器对流换热系数评估困难、流动散热性能预测精度不高的问题,明晰工况参数与重力对辐射器流动散热特性影响规律,指导辐射器轻量化设计与地面试验,构建辐射器导热-对流-辐射耦合传热等比仿真模型,评估其与经验公式对辐射器水动力及热特性预测可靠性,分析流量、入口温度、吸收外热流及重力对辐射器工作特性影响规律。结果表明:辐射器压降及散热功率模拟值与真空热试验数据最大相对误差为3 45%和2 86%,压降及换热系数经验公式预测值与仿真值最大相对误差为-10 15%和-33 18%;辐射器散热功率随流量与入口温度的增加而增大,吸收外热流增加会降低对流换热热流量,相较零重力,常重力水平状态辐射器散热功率提高2 86%。所建模型可准确预测辐射器工作特性;辐射器设计应在满足压降与出口温度指标要求时,提高流量与入口温度,地面试验辐射器应竖直放置。

反倾层状斜坡破裂面演化特征离心机模型试验与数值模拟

破裂面形成演化特征是反倾层状斜坡研究的重点之一,也是稳定性评价和工程设计治理的基础。利用室内大型土工离心机,获取坡体受力和变形参数,同时结合PFC数值模拟成果,展示斜坡破裂面的形成演化过程和特征,并讨论破裂面的形成机理。结果表明:(1)首先在坡体内部产生压剪裂隙,随后向中下部扩展,坡体压剪分区;(2)裂隙向中上部发展,破裂面初步形成,深部坡体发生弯折;(3)浅层裂隙完全贯通,形成由坡顶至坡脚的完整破裂面Ⅰ,内部潜在破裂面(Ⅱ、Ⅲ)中上部近似平行坡面,下部合并后至坡脚,而稳定受压区域与弯折区分界潜在破裂面Ⅳ呈阶梯形,同时浅层存在3条次级破裂面;(4)斜坡的变形破坏由于重力作用,使得岩层差异性受力,在压剪、拉剪及弯折作用下,裂隙由预制裂隙尖端萌生、扩展,最终贯通形成破裂面。重力是内在原因,而坡体结构特征是基础条件。研究成果可以为反倾层状斜坡进一步深入研究和实践提供参考。

基于图像处理的破片场三维测试方法

针对靶板法人工检靶效率低、人为误差大以及无法实现破片场三维测试的问题,利用摄影测量技术,提出灰度加权重心法计算破片穿孔位置坐标,采用基于单点标志的靶板轮廓识别和编码标志的大范围、位姿改变靶板三维拼接,二维坐标到三维空间坐标转换,实现了破片场的三维空间测量,通过设计试验,验证了方法的可靠性,结果表明:采用该方法破片尺寸大于3 mm识别率为100%,且准确获取了破片相对于爆心位置的三维坐标,实现了破片场三维测试,与人工检靶比较测试效率提高了10倍以上。此结论可为破片战斗部爆炸威力场的精确测试提供技术支撑,具有一定的工程应用价值。