Consumers' perceptions on GM food safety in urban China

The debate about the safety of genetically modified （GM） food has attracted public attention in concurrence with the rapid development of agricultural biotechnology. This paper examines the consumers＇ perceptions on the safety of GM food in China. Based on a unique survey dataset, this study shows that consumers in urban China have significantly changed their perceptions on GM food safety. The percentage of consumers who perceived such food as unsafe for consumption increased by more than 30% in the 2002-2012 period. Approximately half of the consumers did not have an opinion on this issue. Major shifts have been occurred after 2010, likely because of the increasing influence of negative media reports on GM technology in recent years. Several individual and household＇s characteristics are shown to significantly affect consumers＇ perceptions on GM food safety, such as gender, education, food allergy experience and resident city size. The paper concludes with policy implications.

Healthcare Staff Perceptions of Patient Safety Culture in Nursing Home Settings—A Cross-Sectional Study

In nursing homes, knowledge about patient safety culture is still limited. This study investigates staff perceptions of patient safety culture in Norwegian nursing homes, measured with the Nursing Home Survey on Patient Safety Culture (NHSOPSC). 466 (69%) staff from 12 different nursing homes participated. The total percentages of positive responses for each patient safety culture dimension and differences in perceptions according to staff’s educational background and position were calculated. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to test if the NHSOPSC dimensions predicted participants’ ratings of the question “Please give this nursing home an overall rating on patient safety”. The proportion of positive responses was high, with six of ten dimensions having an average percentage above 70%. “Supervisor expectations and actions promoting patient safety” (88%), “feedback and communication about incidents” (87%), and a “non-punitive response to mistakes” (78%) had high average scores, while “staffing” (46%) and “training and skills” (56%) had the lowest average scores. Managers reported higher scores on all dimensions, except for “compliance with procedures” compared with other staff groups. Educational level had less influence on staff’s perceptions of patient safety culture than management position. The ten NHSOPSC dimensions explained 47.2% of the variance for the overall rating question “Please give this nursing home an overall rating on patient safety” (F [10, 384] = 34.39, p < 0.001). “Management and organizational learning” had the strongest unique contribution (28.1%). This study suggests that staff working at the bedside have confidence in their nursing managers’ attention to patient safety issues and that a non-punitive environment is prevalent in Norwegian nursing homes.

Health care staffs’ perception of patient safety culture in hospital settings and factors of importance for this

Many hospital patients are affected by adverse events. Managers are important when improving safety. The perception of patient safety culture varies among health care staff. Health care staff (n = 1023) working in medical, surgical or mixed medical-surgical health care divisions answered the 51 items (14 dimensions) Swedish Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (S-HSOPSC). Respondents with a managerial function scored higher than non-managers for 11 of 14 dimensions, indicating patient safety culture strengths for a majority of dimensions. Enrolled nurses and staff with experience > 10 years also scored high for several dimensions. The 12 dimensions and sample characteristics explained 49% and 26% of the variance for the outcome dimensions Overall Perceptions of Safety and Frequency of Incident Reporting, respectively. RNs, ENs and physicians have different views on patient safety culture. Hospital Management Support and Organisational Learning is some important factors influencing patient safety culture. Bridging the gap in health care staff’s perceptions of safety in order to improve patient safety is of utmost importance. Managers have the responsibility to foster patient safety culture at their workplace and can thus benefit from results when improving safety for patients.

Model of Current Threshold for Perception in Testing Electrical Safety Performance

A generalized mathematical model of human body current threshold for perception was established and the current flowing through human body could be arbitrary cyclical waveforms.The relationship between human body current threshold for perception and current frequency, true root mean square(RMS) value and influence factor was described.A test system was established based on electroencephalogram(EEG) to study the relationship between human body current threshold for perception and current waveform, frequency and duty cycle so that the data could be obtained objectively and reliably.At least 850 groups of current threshold for perception and 16-lead EEGs were acquired.The theoretical analysis are verified by experimental data, and an amendment proposal on leakage current evaluation limits specified in International Electro-Technical Commission(IEC) standards is suggested.

Evaluation of retail pharmacists’’ perception on patient safety

Patient safety has become a focus of clinical care and research in recent years. However, the potential for medical care to cause harm has been appreciated throughout the history of medicine (1)The safety culture of an organization is the product of individual and group values, attitudes, perceptions, competencies, and patterns of behavior that determine the commitment to, and the style and proficiency of, an organization’s health and safety management.

Saudi Nurses Perception regarding Patient Safety in a Major Tertiary Hospital

Background: The absence of patient safety culture among nurses has been linked to increased errors and higher level of mortality and morbidity among patients. Higher culture of patient safety has been shown to be associated with better patient outcomes, and the implementation of improvements in organizational and safety culture enhances quality in healthcare. Aim: The main aim of this study is to assess the perception of nurses regarding patient safety among nurses at prince sultan military medical city in Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional design was applied in this study among nurses who are working at prince sultan military medical city in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Sample was 215 nurses, selected by convenience sampling method. The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPS) survey was used in the current study to collect data. Data have been collected within seven weeks. Statistical package for social sciences has been used to analyze data using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics such as Independent sample t test and One-Way ANOVA. Results and Conclusion: The results can only be useful if data analysis is described. The highest domain of their perception was illustrated in “Hospital management support for patient safety” with a mean of 3.68 out of 5.0, while, the lowest mean for their perception was in the domain of “Teamwork across hospital units” with a mean 2.62. The total mean of nurses’ perception regarding patient safety was 3.19 out of 5.0. Also, there was a significant difference in the mean level of nurses’ perception of patient safety with regard to nurses’ gender. Encouraging patients’ safety culture among nurses is strongly recommended through effective communication and providing feedback.

Self-Perception and General Perception of the Safety Impact of Autonomous Vehicles on Pedestrians, Bicyclists, and People with Ambulatory Disability

For autonomous vehicles (AVs) to receive general acceptance, society must have a positive perception about their safety impact on vulnerable road users. Using data from a statewide random-digit-dialing telephone survey of 1001 adults, this paper examines how New Jersey residents perceive the safety impact of AVs on pedestrians, bicyclists, and people with ambulatory disability. It uses a combination of confirmatory factor analysis and ordered probit models. Confirmatory factor analysis is used to create latent variables on socioeconomic status and built environment. Three ordered probit models are used to examine people’s perception of AV safety impact on each of the three population groups. The models also examine how frequent walkers, bicyclists, and people with ambulatory disability perceive their own safety as well as the safety of the other two groups. All three models examine the effect of familiarity with AV, gender, age, income, education, race, ethnicity, number of vehicles in household, political party affiliation, as well as built environment and socioeconomic status of the municipalities where the survey respondents live. The analysis showed that men, people with familiarity with the AV concept, Democrats, bicyclists, and people with high household income generally have a positive perception about the safety impact of AVs. While frequent walkers are ambivalent about their own safety as pedestrians, bicyclists have a positive perception about their own safety and the safety of pedestrians, whereas people with ambulatory disability have a strong negative perception about their own safety. The models did not show statistically significant effects of socioeconomic status or built environment of municipalities on AV safety perception.

Research on Active Safety Methodologies for Intelligent Railway Systems

Safety is essential when building a strong transportation system.As a key development direction in the global railway system,the intelligent railway has safety at its core,making safety a top priority while pursuing the goals of efficiency,convenience,economy,and environmental friendliness.This paper describes the state of the art and proposes a system architecture for intelligent railway systems.It also focuses on the development of railway safety technology at home and abroad,and proposes the active safety method and technology system based on advanced theoretical methods such as the in-depth integration of cyber–physical systems(CPS),data-driven models,and intelligent computing.Finally,several typical applications are demonstrated to verify the advancement and feasibility of active safety technology in intelligent railway systems.

对建立在化妆品包装感知质量基础上安全性检测的思考

综述了化妆品包装发展历史,介绍了人们对于包装材料和形式不断深化认知的过程。提出了化妆品包装的形式和材料影响着消费者对于产品的第一印象,一定程度上也能左右消费者的购买行为。预测随着科学技术的发展,包装材料的形式及种类也愈发丰富多彩。作为与化妆品直接接触的包装材料,在考虑消费者感知质量的基础上,安全性也是必须要考虑的因素。

基于数据融合的隧道结构安全性能感知体系框架

随着交通基础设施建设持续扩大,大量隧道进入养护维修高峰期,结构安全风险呈滚动式周期性爆发趋势。目前隧道结构健康监测信息化和智能化程度较低,安全性能感知困难,严重影响了隧道的正常运维。本文立足于隧道结构健康监测和决策需求,提出了一种基于数物交互和数据融合的隧道结构安全性能感知体系框架。首先对隧道结构受力状态感知技术及其误差传播规律进行分析,并采用数物空间交互试验对支护结构各构件相互力学关系进行研究,并基于此建立多源数据各监测量之间的数学模型,对隧道整体结构和各构件的安全性能进行评估。结构安全感知体系可为隧道安全防灾和运维管理提供决策依据,对提高隧道工程现代化、信息化、智慧化管理水平具有重要意义。

作业场所安全标志、风险感知与安全注意力关系

为探索安全标志、风险感知与安全注意力的深层次作用关系,基于决策双系统理论,在访谈调研基础上,建立三者关系的假设模型。通过分析两个时间点收集的487份中国制造业企业员工数据,使用层次回归分析和Bootstrap检验中介与调节效应以验证假设模型。结果显示:安全标志正向影响员工安全注意力,风险感知在上述关系中起中介作用,安全培训正向调节安全标志与风险感知的正向关系以及风险感知在安全标志与安全注意力之间的中介作用,时间压力负向调节风险感知与员工安全注意力的关系以及风险感知在安全标志与安全注意力之间的中介作用。

目标框架对居民社区安全合作生产意愿的影响:风险感知的中介作用

居民是社区公共服务合作生产中的关键要素,如何促进居民参与合作生产是学界与实务界长期讨论的核心问题。本研究基于社区安全研究情境,引入风险感知,细分宣传视角,通过两个调查实验(N=238+439)探讨目标框架影响居民合作生产意愿的作用机制。研究发现:无论是收益形式还是损失形式的目标框架,都能有效提升居民合作生产意愿;当信息涉及个体和社会的双维度视角时,相较于损失框架,收益框架对居民合作生产意愿的作用更有效,但风险感知的中介作用不显著;当信息聚焦个体或社会的单维度视角时,相较于收益框架,损失框架对居民合作生产意愿的作用更有效,且此时风险感知发挥显著的中介作用,该研究为从行为公共管理学视角深化合作生产研究提供重要依据。

基于情绪分析的生产安全事故政府责任公众感知偏差研究

为强化政府安全生产监督及行政问责公正机制,提升生产安全事故协同治理能力,利用文本挖掘技术从个体和场域2个层面出发,探索生产安全事故政府责任的公众感知偏差形成机理和影响因素。通过公众责任感知双向编码转换器(BERT-PPR)预测事故微博评论的情绪和归责类型,对比事故调查结果得到政府责任的公众感知偏差,并基于二元逻辑回归考察事故信息和微博报道对感知偏差的影响。研究结果表明:采用政府形象框架以及调查结果公布阶段引发政府舆情危机的风险更高;责任人宣判阶段公众更易误判政府有责。行业、阶段、等级、形式、框架因素对生产安全事故政府责任公众感知偏差的影响不同,应采取对应措施,进而纠正相关偏差。研究结果可为安全生产领域内相关政策调整提供参考。

从被动响应到主动应对:心理资本与安全动机对建筑工人前摄危险感知行为的双重差异影响

为促进建筑工人危险感知由被动向主动转变,减少安全事故发生,聚焦前摄危险感知行为。本文基于社会认知理论和自我决定理论,采用实证研究方法,重点探索心理资本与安全动机对建筑工人危险感知行为的主动性、前瞻性和变革性的双重差异影响,并考虑安全动机的调节作用。结果表明:相较于安全动机,心理资本对危险感知行为主动性、前瞻性和变革性的正向影响更强;在危险感知行为的主动性、变革性方面,韧性和自主安全动机的影响最强,且韧性影响作用更大;在危险感知行为的前瞻性方面,希望和受控安全动机影响最强,且希望影响作用更大;自主、受控安全动机在心理资本对前摄危险感知行为的细化影响中起有限调节作用。研究将前摄行为拓展到施工安全领域并聚焦危险感知情境,结果可为有效促进建筑工人危险感知由被动向主动转变提供科学建议,以有效预防安全事故。

感知系统触发条件穿透率评估方法研究

预期功能安全问题制约着自动驾驶汽车的落地。自动驾驶感知系统面临的各种极端行驶环境等极易引起预期功能安全问题。因此,须按照现有预期功能安全标准,在安全分析阶段识别并评估种类多且数量大的触发条件,筛选高价值触发条件为后续测试验证提供测试场景输入。本文中首先基于对触发条件在自动驾驶系统中的风险演化过程的分析,提出一套包括暴露率、穿透率和危害率的三维感知系统触发条件评估体系。随后,基于层次分析法构建了触发条件穿透率量化评估方法。最后,针对某量产车型的融合感知系统分析并选取15个触发条件,构建测试用例并开展封闭场地测试,评估上述触发条件的穿透率。最终经计算筛选得到3个高风险触发条件,验证了触发条件穿透率量化评估方法的可行性。

睡眠剥夺对矿工风险感知的影响研究:基于生理试验

为探究睡眠剥夺对矿工风险感知的影响机理及作用效果,将72名矿工被试分为控制组和睡眠剥夺组,通过2种睡眠状况(正常、睡眠剥夺)×2种任务片段(基线段、逃生任务片段)的试验设计,分别记录分析不同任务片段下皮肤电活动(Electrodermal Activity,EDA)和心率变异性(Heart Rate Variability,HRV)的部分指标的变化特征。试验结果表明:逃生任务可以有效激活矿工的风险感知,在执行逃生任务时,矿工的C_(S)、L_(SC)和F_(L)/F_(H)显著上升,I_(BI)和P_(NN20)显著下降;睡眠剥夺会损害矿工的风险感知能力,研究发现,控制组被试逃生任务片段唤醒情绪和打破交感神经平衡的程度更大。研究结果可为睡眠剥夺相关的生理研究提供证据和参考,有助于提高煤矿的安全生产水平。

中国消费者畜产品质量安全认知及行为选择研究

研判消费者对畜产品质量安全的认知及行为选择对有效传递供给端畜产品质量安全信息、深化畜牧业供给侧结构性改革、推动畜牧业兴旺发展具有重要意义。在系统梳理相关研究进展的基础上,归纳总结了我国消费者对畜产品质量安全的关注、了解、偏好、评价、支付意愿及购买行为。发现我国消费者对畜产品质量安全的关注程度高,但了解程度较低,对畜产品质量安全的评价并不乐观;虽然消费者愿意为高质量安全的畜产品支付一定的溢价成本,但其需求和偏好与实际行为选择存在偏差;消费者的社会人口特征及其对畜产品质量安全的认知和评价、对产品认证系统的信任程度等因素是影响消费行为的重要因素。同时,随着我国进入社会主义新时代,消费环境与需求发生了较大变化,近年来关于消费者对畜产品质量安全认知的研究相对缺乏,需要进行新的研判,以便为政府部门管理和指导行业生产消费,以及供给端经营主体正确了解并匹配消费者偏好提供科学支撑。

纺织类高校实验室安全管理探索与实践

纺织类高校实验室是从纺织服饰到航空航天、从能源开发到生物医用等纺织应用领域培养专门人才和科技创新的基地,加强实验室安全管理,是助力纺织应用发展和纺织人才培养的重要途径。通过分析纺织类高校实验室在安全基础设施设备、安全管理体制机制、实验人员安全行为、合规实验安全观念等缺位情况下的安全管理困境,研究安全认知与安全绩效相关性,提出从安全物态、安全管理、安全行为、安全观念4个方面来提升实验人员安全认知水平,由内而外转化成师生安全行为,从而提高实验室安全管理成效,为纺织类高校实验室管理提供安全、可持续发展路径。